Military Politics And Democracy In The Andes

Author : Maiah Jaskoski
Publisher : JHU Press
Page : 310 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2013-08-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781421409085

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Military Politics and Democracy in the Andes by Maiah Jaskoski Pdf

Interviews with active-duty and retired military officers in Ecuador and Peru shed light on the evolution of Andean civil-military relations, with implications for democratization. Military Politics and Democracy in the Andes challenges conventional theories regarding military behavior in post-transition democracies. Through a deeply researched comparative analysis of the Ecuadorian and Peruvian armies, Maiah Jaskoski argues that militaries are concerned more with the predictability of their missions than with sovereignty objectives set by democratically elected leaders. Jaskoski gathers data from interviews with public officials, private sector representatives, journalists, and more than 160 Peruvian and Ecuadorian officers from all branches of the military. The results are surprising. Ecuador’s army, for example, fearing the uncertainty of border defense against insurgent encroachment in the north, neglected this duty, thereby sacrificing the state’s security goals, acting against government orders, and challenging democratic consolidation. Instead of defending the border, the army has opted to carry out policing functions within Ecuador, such as combating the drug trade. Additionally, by ignoring its duty to defend sovereignty, the army is available to contract out its policing services to paying, private companies that, relative to the public, benefit disproportionately from army security. Jaskoski also looks briefly at this theory's implications for military responsiveness to government orders in democratic Bolivia, Colombia, and Venezuela, and in newly formed democracies more broadly.

Author : W. Avilés,William Avilés
Publisher : Springer
Page : 196 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2011-01-19
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780230115446

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Globalization and Military Power in the Andes by W. Avilés,William Avilés Pdf

Through a series of comparative case studies, the author demonstrates that the conflicts and struggles over capitalist globalization in the Andes are intricately connected to the political power of the military in the region.

Author : Jo-Marie Burt
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Pre
Page : 338 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : History
ISBN : 9780822972501

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Politics in the Andes by Jo-Marie Burt Pdf

The Andean region is perhaps the most violent and politically unstable in the Western Hemisphere. Politics in the Andes is the first comprehensive volume to assess the persistent political challenges facing Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. Arguing that Andean states and societies have been shaped by common historical forces, the contributors' comparative approach reveals how different countries have responded variously to the challenges and opportunities presented by those forces. Individual chapters are structured around themes of ethnic, regional, and gender diversity; violence and drug trafficking; and political change and democracy. Politics in the Andes offers a contemporary view of a region in crisis, providing the necessary context to link the often sensational news from the area to broader historical, political, economic, and social trends.

Author : Julio F. Carrión
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 297 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2022
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780197572290

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A Dynamic Theory of Populism in Power by Julio F. Carrión Pdf

"The relationship between populism and democracy is a hotly debated topic. Some believe that populism is inherently bad for democracy because it is anti-pluralist and confrontational. Others argue that populism can reinvigorate worn-out democracies in need of an infusion of greater popular participation. This book advances this debate by examining the empirical relationship between populism in power and democracy in five Latin American countries. These cases reveal that populism in power does not always lead to the demise of democracy; rather, it does so only under certain varieties of populism. When populist chief executives are bent on using the state's repressive apparatus to subvert democracy, and enjoy significant public support, then it requires an extraordinary effort by both the opposition and the judiciary to contain their efforts at power aggrandizement. If they succeed in overcoming societal and institutional resistance, then an unconstrained variety of populism in power will materialize. The significant power asymmetry that this variety entails will lead to the demise of electoral democracy. If populist leaders are constrained by the judiciary and other institutional actors, then electoral democracy will be preserved, at least for a while. Of the five cases of populist presidents studied here, four were able to rule unconstrained, and only one the populist was contained. The book offers a theory to explain this divergent outcome. There is a recognizable pattern in the trajectory of populism in power, with one path leading to democratic erosion and another to democratic survival"--

Author : Maxwell A. Cameron,Grace M. Jaramillo
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2022-08-15
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1955055424

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Challenges to Democracy in the Andes by Maxwell A. Cameron,Grace M. Jaramillo Pdf

Author : Catherine M Conaghan,James Malloy
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Press
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 1995-01-15
Category : History
ISBN : 0822955326

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Unsettling Statecraft by Catherine M Conaghan,James Malloy Pdf

Latin America in the 1980s was marked by the transition to democracy and a turn toward economic orthodoxy. Unsettling Statecraft analyzes this transition in Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru, focusing on the political dynamics underlying change and the many disturbing tendencies at work as these countries shed military authoritarianism for civilian rule. Conaghan and Malloy draw on insights from the political economy literature, viewing policy making as a “historically conditioned” process, and they conclude that the disturbing tendencies their research reveals are not due to regional pathology but are part of the more general experience of postmodern democracy.

Author : Erik Ching
Publisher : University of Notre Dame Pess
Page : 488 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2014-01-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9780268076993

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Authoritarian El Salvador by Erik Ching Pdf

In December 1931, El Salvador’s civilian president, Arturo Araujo, was overthrown in a military coup. Such an event was hardly unique in Salvadoran history, but the 1931 coup proved to be a watershed. Araujo had been the nation’s first democratically elected president, and although no one could have foreseen the result, the coup led to five decades of uninterrupted military rule, the longest run in modern Latin American history. Furthermore, six weeks after coming to power, the new military regime oversaw the crackdown on a peasant rebellion in western El Salvador that is one of the worst episodes of state-sponsored repression in modern Latin American history. Democracy would not return to El Salvador until the 1990s, and only then after a brutal twelve-year civil war. In Authoritarian El Salvador: Politics and the Origins of the Military Regimes, 1880-1940, Erik Ching seeks to explain the origins of the military regime that came to power in 1931. Based on his comprehensive survey of the extant documentary record in El Salvador’s national archive, Ching argues that El Salvador was typified by a longstanding tradition of authoritarianism dating back to the early- to mid-nineteenth century. The basic structures of that system were based on patron-client relationships that wove local, regional, and national political actors into complex webs of rival patronage networks. Decidedly nondemocratic in practice, the system nevertheless exhibited highly paradoxical traits: it remained steadfastly loyal to elections as the mechanism by which political aspirants acquired office, and it employed a political discourse laden with appeals to liberty and free suffrage. That blending of nondemocratic authoritarianism with populist reformism and rhetoric set the precedent for military rule for the next fifty years.

Author : Thomas Crosbie
Publisher : Berghahn Books
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2023-07-14
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781805390244

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Military Politics by Thomas Crosbie Pdf

Bringing together new research by leading scholars, this volume rethinks the role played by militaries in politics. It introduces new theories of military politics, arguing against the inherited theories and practices of civil-military relations, and presents rich new data on senior officership and on the intersection of military politics and military operations. As the first volume in Berghahn Books’ Military Politics series, it provides a blueprint for a new research paradigm dedicated to tracing how militaries shape their political environments, focusing particularly on the core democratic questions raised by politically-effective (and ineffective) militaries.

Author : Maiah Jaskoski,Arturo C. Sotomayor,Harold A. Trinkunas
Publisher : JHU Press
Page : 249 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2015-12-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781421418315

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American Crossings by Maiah Jaskoski,Arturo C. Sotomayor,Harold A. Trinkunas Pdf

Who—and what—moves from one country to another has real implications for security studies, international relations, and the ideal of democracy. In summer 2014, US agencies responsible for the border with Mexico were overwhelmed by tens of thousands of unaccompanied children arriving from Central America. Unprepared to address this unexpected kind of migrant, the US government deployed troops to carry out a new border mission: the feeding, care, and housing of this wave of children. This event highlights the complex social, economic, and political issues that arise along borders. In American Crossings, nine scholars consider the complicated modern history of borders in the Western Hemisphere, examining borders as geopolitical boundaries, key locations for internal security, spaces for international trade, and areas where national and community identities are defined. Among the provocative questions raised are: Why are Peru and Chile inclined to legalize territory disputes through the International Court of Justice, undermining their militaries? Why has economic integration in the "Tri-Border Area" of Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay increased illicit trade supporting transnational terrorist groups? And how has a weak Ecuadorian presence at the EcuadorColombia border encouraged Colombian guerrillas to enforce the international borderline?

Author : Florina Cristiana Matei,Carolyn Halladay,Thomas C. Bruneau
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 462 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2021-11-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9781000471625

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The Routledge Handbook of Civil-Military Relations by Florina Cristiana Matei,Carolyn Halladay,Thomas C. Bruneau Pdf

This second edition of The Routledge Handbook of Civil-Military Relations offers a wide-ranging, internationally focused overview of the field of civil-military relations. The armed forces are central actors in most societies and are involved in many different roles. Amongst other activities, they engage in peace operations, support the police in fighting crime, support civilian authorities in dealing with natural disasters, and fight against terrorists and in internal conflicts. The existing literature on this subject is limited in its discussion of warfighting and thus does not do justice to the variety of roles. This second edition not only fills this important lacuna but offers an up-to-date comparative analysis and provides a conceptual framework to analyze how strategies can realistically be implemented. Amalgamating ideas from key thinkers in the field, the book is organized into three main thematic parts: Part I: Civil-Military Relations in Non-Democratic States and Illiberal Democracies; Part II: Civil-Military Relations in New Democracies; Part III: Civil-Military Relations in Established Democracies. This handbook will be essential reading for students and practitioners in the fields of civil-military relations, defense studies, war and conflict studies, international security, and IR in general.

Author : David Pion-Berlin
Publisher : Springer
Page : 218 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2016-06-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781137592705

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Military Missions in Democratic Latin America by David Pion-Berlin Pdf

This book demonstrates through country case studies that, contrary to received wisdom, Latin American militaries can contribute productively, but under select conditions, to non-traditional missions of internal security, disaster relief, and social programs. Latin American soldiers are rarely at war, but have been called upon to perform these missions in both lethal and non-lethal ways. Is this beneficial to their societies or should the armed forces be left in the barracks? As inherently conservative institutions, they are at their best, the author demonstrates, when tasked with missions that draw on pre-existing organizational strengths that can be utilized in appropriate and humane ways. They are at a disadvantage when forced to reinvent themselves. Ultimately, it is governments that must choose whether or not to deploy soldiers, and they should do so, based on a pragmatic assessment of the severity and urgency of the problem, the capacity of the military to effectively respond, and the availability of alternative solutions.

Author : Russell Crandall,Guadalupe Paz,Riordan Roett
Publisher : Lynne Rienner Pub
Page : 237 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 1588263312

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The Andes in Focus by Russell Crandall,Guadalupe Paz,Riordan Roett Pdf

A detailed but accessible study of current political and economic issues in the countries of the beleaguered Andean region-Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela-as well as U.S. policy toward the region.

Author : Octavio Amorim Neto
Publisher : Editora FGV
Page : 150 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2023-01-04
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9786556522005

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New studies on civil-military relations and defense policy in Brazil by Octavio Amorim Neto Pdf

"After one of the longest military regimes in Latin America's history, Brazil transitioned to democracy in 1985. It was inevitable that, from then on, the political power of the military would decline. However, the extent to which the country's armed forces would eschew politics was never clear, given the vast role it had always played in domestic affairs since the onset of the republic in 1889."

Author : Rutgerd Boelens
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 450 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2015-04-10
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781317964032

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Water, Power and Identity by Rutgerd Boelens Pdf

This book addresses two major issues in natural resource management and political ecology: the complex conflicting relationship between communities managing water on the ground and national/global policy-making institutions and elites; and how grassroots defend against encroachment, question the self-evidence of State-/market-based water governance, and confront coercive and participatory boundary policing (‘normal’ vs. ‘abnormal’). The book examines grassroots building of multi-layered water-rights territories, and State, market and expert networks’ vigorous efforts to reshape these water societies in their own image – seizing resources and/or aligning users, identities and rights systems within dominant frameworks. Distributive and cultural politics entwine. It is shown that attempts to modernize and normalize users through universalized water culture, ‘rational water use’ and de-politicized interventions deepen water security problems rather than alleviating them. However, social struggles negotiate and enforce water rights. User collectives challenge imposed water rights and identities, constructing new ones to strategically acquire water control autonomy and re-moralize their waterscapes. The author shows that battles for material control include the right to culturally define and politically organize water rights and territories. Andean illustrations from Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia and Chile, from peasant-indigenous life stories to international policy-making, highlight open and subsurface hydro-social networks. They reveal how water justice struggles are political projects against indifference, and that engaging in re-distributive policies and defying ‘truth politics,’ extends context-particular water rights definitions and governance forms.

Author : Steven Ratuva,Radomir Compel,Sergio Aguilar
Publisher : Springer
Page : 443 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2019-01-04
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789811320088

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Guns & Roses: Comparative Civil-Military Relations in the Changing Security Environment by Steven Ratuva,Radomir Compel,Sergio Aguilar Pdf

This edited volume provides a critical and comparative discussion of the changing synergy between the military and society in the dramatically transforming global security climate, drawing on examples from the Asian, Pacific, African, Middle Eastern, European and South American regions. The book is interdisciplinary and covers wide-ranging issues relating to civil military relations, democratization, regional security, ethnicity, peace-building and peace keeping, civilian oversight, internal repression, gender, regime change and civil society.