Modality Morality And Belief

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Modality, Morality and Belief

Walter Sinnott-Armstrong,Diana Raffman,Nicholas Asher
Modality Morality and Belief Book PDF

Author : Walter Sinnott-Armstrong,Diana Raffman,Nicholas Asher
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 300 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 1995-01-27
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 0521440823

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Modality, Morality and Belief by Walter Sinnott-Armstrong,Diana Raffman,Nicholas Asher Pdf

Modality, morality and belief are among the most controversial topics in philosophy today, and few philosophers have shaped these debates as deeply as Ruth Barcan Marcus. Inspired by her work, a distinguished group of philosophers explore these issues, refine and sharpen arguments and develop new positions on such topics as possible worlds, moral dilemmas, essentialism, and the explantion of actions by beliefs. This state of the art collection honors one of the most rigorous and iconoclastic of philosophical pioneers.

God, Modality, and Morality

William E. Mann
God Modality and Morality Book PDF

Author : William E. Mann
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 381 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199370764

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God, Modality, and Morality by William E. Mann Pdf

William E. Mann presents a philosophically defensible conception of the deity found in the Abrahamic religions. The book draws insights from such figures as Augustine, Philo, Aquinas, Leibniz, and contemporary philosophers. Unlike all other beings, God is perfect and simple. Simplicity entails that God has no physical or metaphysical parts or temporal stages. Perfection entails that God is immutable, omniscient, omnipotent, and perfectly good, having no equals or weaknesses. The book's chapters defend the coherence of these claims against various criticisms.

God, Modality, and Morality

William E. Mann
God Modality and Morality Book PDF

Author : William E. Mann
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 416 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2015-05-01
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199370771

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God, Modality, and Morality by William E. Mann Pdf

Suppose that God exists: what difference would that make to the world? The answer depends on the nature of God and the nature of the world. In this book, William E. Mann argues in one new and sixteen previously published essays for a modern interpretation of a traditional conception of God as a simple, necessarily existing, personal being. Divine simplicity entails that God has no physical composition or temporal stages; that there is in God no distinction between essence and existence; that there is no partitioning of God's mental life into beliefs, desires, and intentions. God is thus a spiritual, eternal being, dependent on nothing else, whose essence is to exist and whose mode of existence is identical with omniscience, omnipotence, and perfectly goodness. In metaphysical contrast, the world is a spatial matrix populated most conspicuously by finite physical objects whose careers proceed sequentially from past to present to future. Mann defends a view according to which the world was created out of nothing and is sustained in existence from moment to moment by God. The differences in metaphysical status between creator and creatures raise questions for which Mann suggests answers. How can God know contingent facts and necessary truths without depending on them? Why is it so easy to overlook God's presence? Why would self-sufficient God create anything? Wouldn't a perfect God create the best world possible? Can God be free? Can we be free if God's power is continuously necessary to sustain us in existence? If God does sustain us, is God an accomplice whenever we sin? Mann responds to the Euthyphro dilemma by arguing for a kind of divine command metaethical theory, whose normative content lays emphasis on love. Given the metaphysical differences between us, how can there be loving relationships between God and creatures? Mann responds by examining the notions of piety and hope.

Modality

Yitzhak Y. Melamed,Samuel Newlands
Modality Book PDF

Author : Yitzhak Y. Melamed,Samuel Newlands
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 361 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2024
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780190089856

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Modality by Yitzhak Y. Melamed,Samuel Newlands Pdf

"Ever since the beginnings of philosophical thought in Greek antiquity, philosophers have made use of modalities such as necessity and possibility. In particular, the concepts of necessity and 'what must be' played an important role in Pre-Socratic thought. For example, Anaximander maintained that things perish into that from which they came to be 'in accordance with what must be' (kata to chreôn). Heraclitus held that 'everything comes about in accordance with strife and what must be (kat' erin kai chreôn)'. In his poem, Parmenides asserts that what is (to eon) is entirely still and changeless because 'powerful Necessity (Anagkê) holds it in the bonds of a limit, which encloses it all around'. Among the atomists, Democritus identified necessity with a whirl of atoms, holding that 'everything comes about in accordance with necessity, inasmuch as the whirl - which he calls necessity - is the cause of the coming about of all things'. Finally, Plato in the Timaeus describes the creation of the cosmos as the result of the interplay between divine demiurgic Intelligence and natural Necessity. While necessity figures centrally in the cosmologies presented by Plato and the Pre-Socratics, we do not have any evidence that these thinkers provided an account of the nature of necessity in general. The first philosopher known to have provided such an account is Aristotle. In his logical and metaphysical works, Aristotle develops a systematic theory of necessity and related modalities such as possibility and impossibility"--

Saul Kripke

G. W. Fitch
Saul Kripke Book PDF

Author : G. W. Fitch
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 127 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2014-12-18
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781317489160

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Saul Kripke by G. W. Fitch Pdf

Saul Kripke is one of the most original and creative philosophers writing today. His work has had a tremendous impact on the direction that philosophy has taken in the last thirty years and continues to dominate some of its most fundamental aspects. Given Kripke's importance it is perhaps surprising that there is no introduction to his philosophy available to the general student. This book fills that gap. As much of Kripke's work is highly technical, the book's central aim is to provide clear exposition of Kripke's ideas in a form that is understandable to a beginning readership as well as a commentary on them that more advanced students will find useful. The book begins with a discussion of Kripke's early work on modal logic, which provides the foundation for many of his later philosophical contributions, before examining in detail Kripke's central ideas and arguments contained in Naming and Necessity. In further chapters, Kripke's work on semantic paradoxes and his theory of truth are outlined as well as his controversial interpretation of Wittgenstein's famous private language argument. Kripke's ideas are situated alongside those of his precursors and some of the most important and interesting responses to them are explored. The reader is thus able to appreciate the path-breaking nature of Kripke's contributions, how they have challenged fundamentally traditional interpretations, and how they have sparked some of the most important philosophical debates of recent years.

Modality and Tense

Kit Fine
Modality and Tense Book PDF

Author : Kit Fine
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 396 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2005-07-14
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780199278701

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Modality and Tense by Kit Fine Pdf

In this book, Kit Fine draws together a series of essays, three of them previously unpublished, on possibility, necessity, and tense.

Content and Modality

Judith Thomson,Alex Byrne
Content and Modality Book PDF

Author : Judith Thomson,Alex Byrne
Publisher : Oxford University Press on Demand
Page : 313 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2006-10-12
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780199282807

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Content and Modality by Judith Thomson,Alex Byrne Pdf

Eleven distinguished philosophers have contributed specially written essays on a set of topics much debated in recent years, including physicalism, qualia, semantic competence, conditionals, presuppositions, two-dimensional semantics, and the relation between logic and metaphysics. All these topics are prominent in the work of Robert Stalnaker, a major presence in contemporary philosophy, in honour of whom the volume is published. It also contains a substantial new essay in whichStalnaker replies to his critics, and sets out his current views on the topics discussed.Contributors: Richard Heck, Frank Jackson, William Lycan, Vann McGee, John Perry, Paul Pietroski, Sydney Shoemaker, Scott Soames, Daniel Stoljar, Timothy Williamson, and Stephen Yablo.

Rationality and Belief

Ralph Wedgwood
Rationality and Belief Book PDF

Author : Ralph Wedgwood
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 325 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2023-05-11
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780198874515

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Rationality and Belief by Ralph Wedgwood Pdf

This book gives a general theory of rational belief. Although it can be read by itself, is a sequel to the author's previous book The Value of Rationality (Oxford, 2017). It takes the general conception of rationality that was defended in that earlier book, and combines it with an account of the varieties of belief, and of what it is for these beliefs to count as “correct”, to develop an account of what it is for beliefs to count as rational. According to this account, rationality comes in degrees: the degree to which one's beliefs counts as rational is determined by their distance from a corresponding probability function - where this distance is measured by those beliefs' “expected degree of incorrectness” according to the probability function; the account also involves an explanation of what determines exactly which probability function plays this role in each case, and of why this probability function should play this role. In developing and defending this account, new light is shed on several central epistemological issues. These issues include: the distinction between propositional and doxastic justification; the debates between internalism and externalism, and between foundationalism and coherentism; the significance - or lack of it - of the notion of 'evidence'; the relationship between credences, full belief, inference, and suspension of judgment; the nature of the kind of possibility that is presupposed by the relevant sort of probability; and whether rationality is “diachronic” - so that the beliefs that it is rational for us to have now depend, in part, on the beliefs that we held in the past. Finally, some suggestions are made about how this theory bears on a range of further topics, including the defeasibility of inference, scepticism, and the analysis of knowledge.

Ethical and Religious Thought in Analytic Philosophy of Language

Quentin Smith,University Distinguished Faculty Scholar and Professor of Philosophy Quentin Smith
Ethical and Religious Thought in Analytic Philosophy of Language Book PDF

Author : Quentin Smith,University Distinguished Faculty Scholar and Professor of Philosophy Quentin Smith
Publisher : Yale University Press
Page : 286 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 1997-01-01
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0300062125

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Ethical and Religious Thought in Analytic Philosophy of Language by Quentin Smith,University Distinguished Faculty Scholar and Professor of Philosophy Quentin Smith Pdf

This is a critical history of analytic philosophy from its inception in the late-19th century to the present day. The book focuses on the connections between the four leading movements in the field - logical realism, logical positivism, ordinary language analysis and linguistic essentialism.

Metaphysics, Meaning, and Modality

Mircea Dumitru
Metaphysics Meaning and Modality Book PDF

Author : Mircea Dumitru
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 431 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2020-10-27
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780192598288

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Metaphysics, Meaning, and Modality by Mircea Dumitru Pdf

This book is the first edited collection of papers on the work of one of the most seminal and profound contemporary philosophers. Over the last five decades, Kit Fine has made thought-provoking and innovative contributions to several areas of systematic philosophy, including philosophy of language, metaphysics, and the philosophy of mathematics, as well as to a number of topics in philosophical logic. These contributions have helped reshape the agendas of those fields and have given fresh impetus to a number of perennial debates. Fine's work is distinguished by its technical sophistication, philosophical breadth, and independence from current orthodoxy. A blend of sound common-sense combined with a virtuosity in argumentation and constructive thinking is part and parcel of Kit Fine's lasting contributions to current trends in analytic philosophy. Researchers and students in philosophy, logic, linguistics, and cognitive science will benefit alike from these critical contributions to Fine's novel theories on meaning and representation, arbitrary objects, essence, ontological realism, and the metaphysics of modality, and will come away with a better understanding of the issues within contemporary analytic philosophy with which they deal.

Nondescriptive Meaning and Reference

Wayne A. Davis
Nondescriptive Meaning and Reference Book PDF

Author : Wayne A. Davis
Publisher : Clarendon Press
Page : 466 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2005-07-14
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780191532146

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Nondescriptive Meaning and Reference by Wayne A. Davis Pdf

Nondescriptive Meaning and Reference extends Wayne Davis's groundbreaking work on the foundations of semantics. Davis revives the classical doctrine that meaning consists in the expression of ideas, and advances the expression theory by showing how it can account for standard proper names, and the distinctive way their meaning determines their reference. He also shows how the theory can handle interjections, syncategorematic terms, conventional implicatures, and other cases long seen as difficult for both ideational and referential theories. The expression theory is founded on the fact that thoughts are event types with a constituent structure, and that thinking is a fundamental propositional attitude, distinct from belief and desire. Thought parts ('ideas' or 'concepts') are distinguished from both sensory images and conceptions. Word meaning is defined recursively: sentences and other complex expressions mean what they do in virtue of what thought parts their component words express and what thought structure the linguistic structure expresses; and unstructured words mean what they do in living languages in virtue of evolving conventions to use them to express ideas. The difficulties of descriptivism show that the ideas expressed by names are atomic or basic. The reference of a name is the extension of the idea it expresses, which is determined not by causal relations, but by its identity or content together with the nature of objects in the world. Hence a name's reference is dependent on, but not identical to, its meaning. A name is directly and rigidly referential because the extension of the idea it expresses is not determined by the extensions of component ideas. The expression theory thus has the strength of Fregeanism without its descriptivist bias, and of Millianism without its referentialist or causalist shortcomings. The referential properties of ideas can be set out recursively by providing a generative theory of ideas, assigning extensions to atomic ideas, and formulating rules whereby the semantic value of a complex idea is determined by the semantic values of its components. Davis also shows how referential properties can be treated using situation semantics and possible worlds semantics. The key is to drop the assumption that the values of intension functions are the referents of the words whose meaning they represent, and to abandon the necessity of identity for logical modalities. Many other pillars of contemporary philosophical semantics, such as the twin earth arguments, are shown to be unfounded.

Thinking of Necessity

Jessica Leech
Thinking of Necessity Book PDF

Author : Jessica Leech
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 259 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2024-03-28
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780198873969

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Thinking of Necessity by Jessica Leech Pdf

Thinking of Necessity: A Kantian Account of Modal Thought and Modal Metaphysics sets out a Kant-inspired theory of modality, i.e., possibility and necessity. The theory is driven by a methodology which takes seriously questions about the function of modal judgment, i.e., the role or purpose of judgments of possibility and necessity, as a guide to a metaphysics of modality. Kant is a good example for how to develop this methodological approach since, for Kant, modal concepts play an important role in our capacity for thought and experience of the world. The book argues that we need logical modal concepts as a condition on our ability to think, and metaphysical modal concepts as a condition on our ability to think objectively, i.e., to think about the world. Concordant with this, it argues that logical necessity has its source in the laws of thought and that metaphysical necessity is relative to conditions on objective thought. This account of metaphysical necessity, which is termed "Modal Transcendentalism", is then further developed, covering questions concerning necessary and contingent existence, de re necessity, essentialism, and modal epistemology. The theory of modality developed in the book is inspired by aspects of Kant's writings on modality, but the development and defence of the theory is undertaken mostly independently of Kant.

God, Belief, and Perplexity

William E. Mann
God Belief and Perplexity Book PDF

Author : William E. Mann
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780190459208

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God, Belief, and Perplexity by William E. Mann Pdf

This volume is a collection of fourteen of William E. Mann's essays in the philosophical interpretation of the writings of Augustine, Anselm, and Peter Abelard. Directly or indirectly, Augustine sets the agenda for all of these essays.

Logic and the Modalities in the Twentieth Century

Dov M. Gabbay,John Woods
Logic and the Modalities in the Twentieth Century Book PDF

Author : Dov M. Gabbay,John Woods
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 732 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2006-05-10
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 0080463037

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Logic and the Modalities in the Twentieth Century by Dov M. Gabbay,John Woods Pdf

Logic and the Modalities in the Twentieth Century is an indispensable research tool for anyone interested in the development of logic, including researchers, graduate and senior undergraduate students in logic, history of logic, mathematics, history of mathematics, computer science and artificial intelligence, linguistics, cognitive science, argumentation theory, philosophy, and the history of ideas. This volume is number seven in the eleven volume Handbook of the History of Logic. It concentrates on the development of modal logic in the 20th century, one of the most important undertakings in logic’s long history. Written by the leading researchers and scholars in the field, the volume explores the logics of necessity and possibility, knowledge and belief, obligation and permission, time, tense and change, relevance, and more. Both this volume and the Handbook as a whole are definitive reference tools for students and researchers in the history of logic, the history of philosophy, and any discipline, such as mathematics, computer science, artificial intelligence, for whom the historical background of his or her work is a salient consideration. · Detailed and comprehensive chapters covering the entire range of modal logic. · Contains the latest scholarly discoveries and interpretative insights that answer many questions in the field of logic.

The Philosopher's Index

Anonim
The Philosopher s Index Book PDF

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1256 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : UOM:39015079668037

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The Philosopher's Index by Anonim Pdf

Vols. for 1969- include a section of abstracts.