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Modeling the Fate of Chemicals in Products by Li Li Pdf
This thesis provides a novel methodological basis for mechanistically understanding the dynamics of chemicals in products (CiPs) in the anthroposphere and physical environment and establishes a modeling continuum from production of a chemical to its concentrations in various environmental compartments. Using this framework, the thesis investigates how CiPs are transported and transformed and how they accumulate in the global environment. Furthermore, it identifies the measures needed to minimize their adverse effects on the environment and human society. It serves as an invaluable, interdisciplinary reference resource for industrial ecologists, environmental chemists and decision-makers involved in environmentally sound management of CiPs and associated waste.
Modeling the Fate of Chemicals in the Aquatic Environment by Kenneth L. Dickson,Alan W. Maki,John Cairns Pdf
THIS BOOK IS A RESULT OF THE FOURTH PELLSTON ENVIRONMENTAL WORKSHOP, HELD AUGUST 16-21, 1981. THIS WORKSHOP AND PREVIOUS MEETINGS HAVE EXAMINED METHODS OF ASSESSING HAZARDS OF CHEMICALS IN THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT. HAZARD ASSESSMENT, IT HAS BEEN DETERMINED, REQUIRES AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CONCENTRATION OF CHEMICALS CAUSING AN ADVERSE EFFECT ON AQUATIC LIFE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE CONCENTRATIONS. MATHEMATICAL ENVIRONMENTAL FATE MODELS ARE SUGGESTED AS A TOOL FOR PREDICTING ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE CONCENTRATIONS OF CHEMICALS. THIS BOOK PRESENTS A STATE OF THE ART OVERVIEW OF THE USE OF THESE MODELS FOR DECISION MAKERS IN ASSESSING THE HAZARDS OF CHEMICALS IN THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT. AUTHORS SUMMARY ABRIDGED.
Modelling the Fate of Chemicals in the Environment and the Human Body by Philippe Ciffroy,Alice Tediosi,Ettore Capri Pdf
This volume focuses on modelling the fate of chemicals in the environment and the human body to arrive at an integrated exposure assessment. It covers five broad topics, namely: future challenges in exposure assessment; the evolution of human health and environmental risk assessment; standard documentation for exposure models; modelling different environmental components (i.e. surface waters, atmosphere, soil, groundwater, plants, aquatic organisms and mammals); and the fate of contaminants in humans. This work draws on the authors’ and editors’ extensive experience and a range of different research activities, including case studies, that have led to the development of MERLIN-Expo, a standardised software package for simulating the fate of chemicals in the main environmental systems and in the human body in an integrated manner. It will be of considerable interest to researchers and students, risk managers, and policy- and decision-makers whose work involves environmental protection and human health.
Environmental Modeling by Jerald L. Schnoor,Drew C. McAvoy Pdf
Environmental Modeling, Second Edition combines engineering transport fundamentals and equilibrium aquatic chemistry. It brings a uniquely contemporary perspective to the assessment of environmental quality. In addressing key questions about fate, transport, and long-term effects of chemical pollutants in the environment, this inherently practical book gives readers the important tools they need to develop and solve their own mathematical models. The book contains detailed examples from a wide range of crucial water quality areas: conventional pollutants in rivers, eutrophication of lakes, and toxic organic chemicals and heavy metals in both surface and groundwaters.
Transformation Products of Synthetic Chemicals in the Environment by Alistair Boxall Pdf
When a synthetic chemical is released into the environment it may be degraded by abiotic and biotic processes. These degradation processes usually involve a cascade of reactions resulting in the formation of a number of transformation products. While we usually know a great deal about the environmental properties, fate and effects of parent synthetic chemicals, our understanding of the impacts of transformation products is much less developed. As such, this volume brings together chapters from leading researchers in the field of transformation products in the environment and describes how these products are formed, how they move through the environment, and their environmental effects. The book also presents modelling and analytical approaches for understanding the occurrence, fate and effects of transformation products in the environment. It is of interest to scientists in academia, the chemicals industry and regulators, as well as graduate students in Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology.
Ecotoxicology Modeling is a comprehensive and well-documented text providing a collection of computational methods to the ecotoxicologists primarily interested in the study of the adverse effects of chemicals, their mechanisms of action and/or their environmental fate and behavior. Avoiding mathematical jargon, the book presents numerous case studies to enable the reader to understand the interest but also the limitations of linear and nonlinear models in ecotoxicology. Written by an international team of scientists, Ecotoxicology Modeling is of primary interest to those whose research or professional activity is directly concerned with the development and application of models in ecotoxicology. It is also intended to provide the graduate and post-graduate students with a clear and accessible text covering the main types of modeling approaches used in environmental sciences.
Freshwater Microplastics by Martin Wagner,Scott Lambert Pdf
This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This volume focuses on microscopic plastic debris, also referred to as microplastics, which have been detected in aquatic environments around the globe and have accordingly raised serious concerns. The book explores whether microplastics represent emerging contaminants in freshwater systems, an area that remains underrepresented to date. Given the complexity of the issue, the book covers the current state-of-research on microplastics in rivers and lakes, including analytical aspects, environmental concentrations and sources, modelling approaches, interactions with biota, and ecological implications. To provide a broader perspective, the book also discusses lessons learned from nanomaterials and the implications of plastic debris for regulation, politics, economy, and society. In a research field that is rapidly evolving, it offers a solid overview for environmental chemists, engineers, and toxicologists, as well as water managers and policy-makers.
Modeling the Fate and Effect of the Toxic Substances in the Environment by S Jorgensen Pdf
Modeling the Fate and Effect of the Toxic Substances in the Environment contains the proceedings of a Symposium on "Modeling the Fate and Effect of Toxic Substances in the Environment", held on June 6-10, 1983 in Copenhagen, Denmark, and sponsored by the International Society for Ecological Modeling. The symposium provided a forum for discussing the state of the art in modeling the fate and effect of toxic substances in the environment. Topics include parameter estimation, theoretical considerations, and models of a wide variety of toxic compounds in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Comprised of 16 chapters, this volume begins with an account of parameter estimation in toxic substance models, followed by a discussion on extinction and persistence in models of population-toxicant interactions. The reader is then introduced to PATHWAY, a simulation model of the transport of radionuclides through agroecosystems. Subsequent chapters focus on possible cause-effect relationships in the dying of Germany's spruce-fir forests; application of risk and uncertainty analysis techniques to a heavy metal speciation model; the biological effects of toxicants in aquatic microcosm systems; and the dispersal and biological effect of toxins in the Tamar estuary in England. The book concludes with a description of a nonlinear mathematical model for the transport and spreading of oil slicks. This book will be useful to students, practitioners, and researchers in the field of inorganic chemistry, as well as those who are interested in the environmental effects of toxic compounds.
Author : Frank M. Dunnivant,Elliot Anders Publisher : John Wiley & Sons Page : 504 pages File Size : 46,7 Mb Release : 2006-02-17 Category : Science ISBN : 9780471758129
A Basic Introduction to Pollutant Fate and Transport by Frank M. Dunnivant,Elliot Anders Pdf
A uniquely accessible text on environmental modeling designed for both students and industry personnel Pollutant fate and modeling are becoming increasingly important in both regulatory and scientific areas. However,the complexity of the software and models often act as an inhibitor to the advancement of water quality science. A Basic Introduction to Pollutant Fate and Transport fills the need for a basic instructional tool for students and environmental professionals who lack the rigorous mathematical background necessary to derive the governing fate and transport equations. Taking a refreshingly simple approach to the subject that requires only a basic knowledge of algebra and first-year college chemistry, the book presents and integrates all of the aspects of fate and transport, including chemistry, modeling, risk assessment, and relevant environmental legislation; approaching each topic first conceptually before introducing the math necessary to model it. The first half of the book is dedicated to the chemistry and physics behind the fate and transport models, while the second half teaches and reinforces the logical concepts underlying fate and transport modeling. This better prepares students for support jobs in the environmental arena surrounding chemical industry and Superfund sites. Contributing to the book's ease of use are: An extremely user-friendly software program, Fate, which uses basic models to predict the fate and transport of pollutants in lakes, rivers, groundwater, and atmospheric systems The use of "canned" models to evaluate the importance of model parameters and sensitivity analysis A wealth of easy-to-understand examples and problems A chapter on environmental legislation in the United States and Europe A set of lab exercises, as well as a downloadable set of teaching aids A much-needed basic text for contemporary hydrology or environmental chemistry courses and support courses forthe environmental industry, this is a valuable desk reference for educators and industry professionals.
Modelling of Environmental Chemical Exposure and Risk by Jan B.H.J. Linders Pdf
Mathematical models are being increasingly used to estimate the concentrations of a wide range of substances in the environment for a variety of reasons, including government control and legislation, and risk and hazard estimation. Exposure assessment has to be performed for many types of substances, including pesticides, industrial chemicals, pollutants, accidental discharges, etc. The interpretation of the results of model equations should always bear in mind the purpose for which the model used was built in the first place. Further, models are always an abstraction of reality, requiring simplifying assumptions to keep the models within the restraints posed by computer performance and/or scientific knowledge. The present book treats the theme of modelling chemical exposure and risk in terms of four main topics: model characteristics, applications, comparison of estimated with measured concentrations, and modelling credibility.
Transport & Fate of Chemicals in Soils by H. Magdi Selim Pdf
During the last four decades, tremendous advances have been made towards the understanding of transport characteristics of contaminants in soils, solutes, and tracers in geological media. Transport & Fate of Chemicals in Soils: Principles & Applications offers a comprehensive treatment of the subject complete with supporting examples of mathematical models that describe contaminants reactivity and transport in soils and aquifers. This approach makes it a practical guide for designing experiments and collecting data that focus on characterizing retention as well as release kinetic reactions in soils and contaminant transport experiments in the laboratory, greenhouse), and in the field. The book provides the basic framework of the principals governing the sorption and transport of chemicalsin soils. It focuses on physical processes such as fractured media, multiregion, multiple porosities, and heterogeneity and effect of scale as well as chemical processes such as nonlinear kinetics, release and desorption hysteresis, multisite and multireaction reactions, and competitive-type reactions. The coverage also includes details of sorption behavior of chemicals with soil matrix surfaces as well the integration of sorption characteristics with mechanisms that govern solute transport in soils. The discussions of applications of the principles of sorption and transport are not restricted to contaminants, but also include nitrogen, phosphorus, and trace elements including essential micronutrients, heavy metals, military explosives, pesticides, and radionuclides. Written in a very clear and easy-to-follow language by a pioneer in soil science, this book details the basic framework of the physical and chemical processes governing the transport of contaminants, trace elements, and heavy metals in soils. Highly practical, it includes laboratory methods, examples, and empirical formulations. The approach taken by the author gives you not only the fundamentals of understanding of reactive chemicals retention and their transport in soils and aquifers, but practical guidance you can put to immediate use in designing experiments and collecting data.
Multimedia Environmental Models by Donald Mackay Pdf
Completely revised and updated, Multimedia Environmental Models: The Fugacity Approach, Second Edition continues to provide simple techniques for calculating how chemicals behave in the environment, where they accumulate, how long they persist, and how this leads to human exposure. The book develops, describes, and illustrates the framework and pro
Multimedia Environmental Models by J. Mark Parnis,Donald Mackay Pdf
Multimedia Environmental Models: The Fugacity Approach, Third Edition, takes a broad approach of viewing chemical behavior in the total biosphere of connected biotic and abiotic compartments. Chemicals are subject to the laws of "mass balance," a constraint that provides the opportunity to establish quantitative expressions for chemical fate that are central to chemical management and regulatory legislation. This book employs both the conventional concentration-based procedures and those based on application of the more elegant and powerful concept of fugacity to characterize equilibrium, steady-state distribution, and time-dependent transport between environmental phases such as air, water, and soil. Organic chemicals are emphasized because they are more easily generalized when assessing environmental behavior. Features Illustrates professional approaches to calculating the fate of chemicals in the environment Explicitly details all worked examples in an annotated step-by-step fashion Presents real-life freely downloadable models of use to government, industry, and private consulting professionals and students alike Clarifies symbols and notation
