Transformation Products Of Synthetic Chemicals In The Environment

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Transformation Products of Synthetic Chemicals in the Environment

Alistair Boxall
Transformation Products of Synthetic Chemicals in the Environment Book PDF

Author : Alistair Boxall
Publisher : Springer
Page : 249 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2009-09-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783540882732

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Transformation Products of Synthetic Chemicals in the Environment by Alistair Boxall Pdf

When a synthetic chemical is released into the environment it may be degraded by abiotic and biotic processes. These degradation processes usually involve a cascade of reactions resulting in the formation of a number of transformation products. While we usually know a great deal about the environmental properties, fate and effects of parent synthetic chemicals, our understanding of the impacts of transformation products is much less developed. As such, this volume brings together chapters from leading researchers in the field of transformation products in the environment and describes how these products are formed, how they move through the environment, and their environmental effects. The book also presents modelling and analytical approaches for understanding the occurrence, fate and effects of transformation products in the environment. It is of interest to scientists in academia, the chemicals industry and regulators, as well as graduate students in Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology.

Transformation Products of Synthetic Chemicals in the Environment

Alistair Boxall
Transformation Products of Synthetic Chemicals in the Environment Book PDF

Author : Alistair Boxall
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2009-09-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783540882725

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Transformation Products of Synthetic Chemicals in the Environment by Alistair Boxall Pdf

When a synthetic chemical is released into the environment it may be degraded by abiotic and biotic processes. These degradation processes usually involve a cascade of reactions resulting in the formation of a number of transformation products. While we usually know a great deal about the environmental properties, fate and effects of parent synthetic chemicals, our understanding of the impacts of transformation products is much less developed. As such, this volume brings together chapters from leading researchers in the field of transformation products in the environment and describes how these products are formed, how they move through the environment, and their environmental effects. The book also presents modelling and analytical approaches for understanding the occurrence, fate and effects of transformation products in the environment. It is of interest to scientists in academia, the chemicals industry and regulators, as well as graduate students in Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology.

Transformation Products of Emerging Contaminants in the Environment

Dimitra A. Lambropoulou,Leo M. L. Nollet
Transformation Products of Emerging Contaminants in the Environment Book PDF

Author : Dimitra A. Lambropoulou,Leo M. L. Nollet
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 992 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2014-02-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781118339572

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Transformation Products of Emerging Contaminants in the Environment by Dimitra A. Lambropoulou,Leo M. L. Nollet Pdf

Over the last 15 years, the focus of chemical pollution hasshifted from conventional pollutants to so-called“emerging” or “new” unregulatedcontaminants. These include pharmaceuticals and personal careproducts, hormones, UV filters, perfluorinated compounds,poylybrominated flame retardants (BFRs), pesticides, plasticizers,artificial sweeteners, illicit drugs, and endocrine disruptorcompounds (EDCs). Despite the increasing number of publishedstudies covering emerging contaminants, we know almost nothingabout the effects of their transformation products and/ormetabolites. This two-volume set provides a unique collection of research ontransformation products, their occurrence, fate and risks in theenvironment. It contains 32 chapters, organised into 7 parts, eachwith a distinct focus: • General Considerations • Transformation Processes and Treatment Strategies • Analytical Strategies • Occurrence, Fate and Effects in the Environment • Global Speciality and Environmental Status • Risk Assessment, Management and Regulatory Framework • Outlook Transformation Products of Emerging Contaminants in theEnvironment is a valuable resource for researchers and industryprofessionals in environmental chemistry, analytical chemistry,ecotoxicology, environmental sciences, and hydrology, as well asenvironmental consultants and regulatory bodies.

Organic Chemicals in the Environment

Alasdair H. Neilson,Ann-Sofie Allard
Organic Chemicals in the Environment Book PDF

Author : Alasdair H. Neilson,Ann-Sofie Allard
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 1047 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2012-09-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781439826386

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Organic Chemicals in the Environment by Alasdair H. Neilson,Ann-Sofie Allard Pdf

Addressing the persistent environmental threat of organic chemicals with a fresh approach to degradation and transformation processes, Organic Chemicals in the Environment: Mechanisms of Degradation and Transformation, Second Edition examines a wide range of compounds as well as abiotic and microbiological reactions mediated by microorganisms

Modeling the Fate of Chemicals in Products

Li Li
Modeling the Fate of Chemicals in Products Book PDF

Author : Li Li
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 111 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2019-10-21
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789811505799

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Modeling the Fate of Chemicals in Products by Li Li Pdf

This thesis provides a novel methodological basis for mechanistically understanding the dynamics of chemicals in products (CiPs) in the anthroposphere and physical environment and establishes a modeling continuum from production of a chemical to its concentrations in various environmental compartments. Using this framework, the thesis investigates how CiPs are transported and transformed and how they accumulate in the global environment. Furthermore, it identifies the measures needed to minimize their adverse effects on the environment and human society. It serves as an invaluable, interdisciplinary reference resource for industrial ecologists, environmental chemists and decision-makers involved in environmentally sound management of CiPs and associated waste.

Environmental Inorganic Chemistry for Engineers

James G. Speight
Environmental Inorganic Chemistry for Engineers Book PDF

Author : James G. Speight
Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
Page : 592 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2017-05-10
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780128011423

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Environmental Inorganic Chemistry for Engineers by James G. Speight Pdf

Environmental Inorganic Chemistry for Engineers explains the principles of inorganic contaminant behavior, also applying these principles to explore available remediation technologies, and providing the design, operation, and advantages or disadvantages of the various remediation technologies. Written for environmental engineers and researchers, this reference provides the tools and methods that are imperative to protect and improve the environment. The book's three-part treatment starts with a clear and rigorous exposition of metals, including topics such as preparations, structures and bonding, reactions and properties, and complex formation and sequestering. This coverage is followed by a self-contained section concerning complex formation, sequestering, and organometallics, including hydrides and carbonyls. Part Two, Non-Metals, provides an overview of chemical periodicity and the fundamentals of their structure and properties. Clearly explains the principles of inorganic contaminant behavior in order to explore available remediation technologies Provides the design, operation, and advantages or disadvantages of the various remediation technologies Presents a clear exposition of metals, including topics such as preparations, structures, and bonding, reaction and properties, and complex formation and sequestering

Pesticide Transformation Products

L. Somasundaram
Pesticide Transformation Products Book PDF

Author : L. Somasundaram
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 330 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 1991
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : UOM:39015019476491

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Pesticide Transformation Products by L. Somasundaram Pdf

Washington, D.C. : American Chemical Society, 1991.

Xenobiotics in the Urban Water Cycle

Despo Fatta-Kassinos,Kai Bester,Klaus Kümmerer
Xenobiotics in the Urban Water Cycle Book PDF

Author : Despo Fatta-Kassinos,Kai Bester,Klaus Kümmerer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 507 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2010-01-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789048135097

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Xenobiotics in the Urban Water Cycle by Despo Fatta-Kassinos,Kai Bester,Klaus Kümmerer Pdf

The history of chemistry and pharmaceutical sciences is an impressive success story. The products of chemical and pharmaceutical industries are present eve- where in our everyday life. They help to pursue the modern way of living and they contribute to our high standard of living and safety, mobility, communication te- nologies, food, health, textiles and drinking water treatment, among many others. These products are labeled under the categories: pharmaceuticals, pesticides, det- gents, fertilizers, dyes, paints, preservatives, food additives and personal care pr- ucts, to name a few. Within these categories, groups of chemicals with similar structures can be found. However, often groups of chemicals with very different structures belong to the same category. For a long time the production of chemicals and pharmaceuticals, their usage and application was connected with the heavy pollution of the environment and serious health effects. At the end of the last century, it was realised that the products of che- cal and pharmaceutical industries are presenting a new type of environmental pol- tion that may also pose a health risk to the consumer. Most chemicals are used in so-called open applications in excessive amounts e. g. for personal care, hygiene, plant protection, health and in textiles. In many cases such as scents, detergents, textile chemicals, surface disinfectants, pesticides and others it is unavoidable that these chemicals are released into the environment according to their intended use.

Environmental Degradation and Transformation of Organic Chemicals

Alasdair H. Neilson,Ann-Sofie Allard
Environmental Degradation and Transformation of Organic Chemicals Book PDF

Author : Alasdair H. Neilson,Ann-Sofie Allard
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 736 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2007-08-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 0849372410

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Environmental Degradation and Transformation of Organic Chemicals by Alasdair H. Neilson,Ann-Sofie Allard Pdf

Addressing the persistent environmental threat of organic chemicals with a fresh approach to degradation and transformation processes, Environmental Degradation and Transformation of Organic Chemicals examines a wide range of compounds as well as abiotic and microbiological reactions mediated by microorganisms. The book emphasizes the pathways used and the broad classes of enzymes involved. It provides an overview of experimental procedures with detailed coverage of the organic compounds that are considered to be xenobiotics. The book begins by providing a broad perspective on abiotic and biotic reactions, including the significance of a range of environmental determinants. The following chapters briefly introduce experimental procedures and emphasize those procedures for establishing the structure of metabolites using isotopes and physical methods. Next, the authors outline details of biochemical reactions involved in the biodegradation of the major groups of aliphatic, carbocyclic aromatic, and heterocyclic compounds. They end with coverage of bioremediation that has attracted increasing concern because of the hazard presented by the disposal of unwanted chemicals or by-products from their manufacture. Broad and comprehensive, this book provides a cohesive treatment of the subject. It contains an extensive set of literature references and numerous illustrative figures. The authors use a mechanistic approach with emphasis on the pathways, and the principles that emerge provide a guide not only for specific compounds but also for those having a more remote structural resemblance.

Polyfluorinated Chemicals and Transformation Products

Thomas P. Knepper,Frank T. Lange
Polyfluorinated Chemicals and Transformation Products Book PDF

Author : Thomas P. Knepper,Frank T. Lange
Publisher : Springer
Page : 174 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2011-09-20
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642218729

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Polyfluorinated Chemicals and Transformation Products by Thomas P. Knepper,Frank T. Lange Pdf

Due to their unparalleled effectiveness and efficiency, polyfluorinated chemicals (PFC) have become essential in numerous technical applications. However, many PFCs brought to market show limited biodegradability, and their environmental persistence combined with toxic and bioaccumulative potential have become a matter of concern in some instances. This volume highlights the synthesis of PFCs, focusing on substances with improved application and environmental properties, which are a challenge for synthetic chemists. Further, modern mass spectrometric techniques for the detection and identification of biotransformation products of PFCs are described. The sorption and leaching behavior of PFC in soil is also addressed in order to predict their fate in the environment. Several contributions discuss the monitoring of PFCs in European surface, ground and drinking waters, treatment options for PFC removal from drinking water, occurrence in food, and the human biomonitoring of PFCs.

Beyond the Molecular Frontier

National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on Challenges for the Chemical Sciences in the 21st Century
Beyond the Molecular Frontier Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on Challenges for the Chemical Sciences in the 21st Century
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 238 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2003-03-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309168397

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Beyond the Molecular Frontier by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on Challenges for the Chemical Sciences in the 21st Century Pdf

Chemistry and chemical engineering have changed significantly in the last decade. They have broadened their scopeâ€"into biology, nanotechnology, materials science, computation, and advanced methods of process systems engineering and controlâ€"so much that the programs in most chemistry and chemical engineering departments now barely resemble the classical notion of chemistry. Beyond the Molecular Frontier brings together research, discovery, and invention across the entire spectrum of the chemical sciencesâ€"from fundamental, molecular-level chemistry to large-scale chemical processing technology. This reflects the way the field has evolved, the synergy at universities between research and education in chemistry and chemical engineering, and the way chemists and chemical engineers work together in industry. The astonishing developments in science and engineering during the 20th century have made it possible to dream of new goals that might previously have been considered unthinkable. This book identifies the key opportunities and challenges for the chemical sciences, from basic research to societal needs and from terrorism defense to environmental protection, and it looks at the ways in which chemists and chemical engineers can work together to contribute to an improved future.

Polyfluorinated Chemicals and Transformation Products

Thomas P. Knepper,Frank T. Lange
Polyfluorinated Chemicals and Transformation Products Book PDF

Author : Thomas P. Knepper,Frank T. Lange
Publisher : Springer
Page : 174 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2011-09-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 3642218733

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Polyfluorinated Chemicals and Transformation Products by Thomas P. Knepper,Frank T. Lange Pdf

Due to their unparalleled effectiveness and efficiency, polyfluorinated chemicals (PFC) have become essential in numerous technical applications. However, many PFCs brought to market show limited biodegradability, and their environmental persistence combined with toxic and bioaccumulative potential have become a matter of concern in some instances. This volume highlights the synthesis of PFCs, focusing on substances with improved application and environmental properties, which are a challenge for synthetic chemists. Further, modern mass spectrometric techniques for the detection and identification of biotransformation products of PFCs are described. The sorption and leaching behavior of PFC in soil is also addressed in order to predict their fate in the environment. Several contributions discuss the monitoring of PFCs in European surface, ground and drinking waters, treatment options for PFC removal from drinking water, occurrence in food, and the human biomonitoring of PFCs.

Management of Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CEC) in Environment

Pardeep Singh,Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain,Sanchayita Rajkhowa
Management of Contaminants of Emerging Concern CEC in Environment Book PDF

Author : Pardeep Singh,Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain,Sanchayita Rajkhowa
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 468 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2021-03-12
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780128222645

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Management of Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CEC) in Environment by Pardeep Singh,Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain,Sanchayita Rajkhowa Pdf

Management of Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CEC) in Environment provides information about new concepts and latest developments in origin, reaction pathways, transportation, transformation products, identification, and adverse effects of CEC, as well as recent remediation technologies and tools for CEC. The book explores processes such as nanotechnology for the degradation of CEC by using various heterogeneous catalysts. The chapters incorporate both theoretical and practical aspects and can serve as a baseline for future studies. So, Management of Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CEC) in Environment is an indispensable resource for university students, teachers, and researchers, especially those working in the area of remediation and management of contaminants of emerging concern. Takes a holistic approach, focusing on the origin of contaminants, type of contaminants, remediation technologies, regulations and legal aspects Applies chemical, physical and biological processes for the treatment of emerging contaminants Written by a team of internationally reputed and rising researchers

Industrialization of Biology

National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on Industrialization of Biology: A Roadmap to Accelerate the Advanced Manufacturing of Chemicals
Industrialization of Biology Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on Industrialization of Biology: A Roadmap to Accelerate the Advanced Manufacturing of Chemicals
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 167 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2015-06-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309316552

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Industrialization of Biology by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Life Sciences,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on Industrialization of Biology: A Roadmap to Accelerate the Advanced Manufacturing of Chemicals Pdf

The tremendous progress in biology over the last half century - from Watson and Crick's elucidation of the structure of DNA to today's astonishing, rapid progress in the field of synthetic biology - has positioned us for significant innovation in chemical production. New bio-based chemicals, improved public health through improved drugs and diagnostics, and biofuels that reduce our dependency on oil are all results of research and innovation in the biological sciences. In the past decade, we have witnessed major advances made possible by biotechnology in areas such as rapid, low-cost DNA sequencing, metabolic engineering, and high-throughput screening. The manufacturing of chemicals using biological synthesis and engineering could expand even faster. A proactive strategy - implemented through the development of a technical roadmap similar to those that enabled sustained growth in the semiconductor industry and our explorations of space - is needed if we are to realize the widespread benefits of accelerating the industrialization of biology. Industrialization of Biology presents such a roadmap to achieve key technical milestones for chemical manufacturing through biological routes. This report examines the technical, economic, and societal factors that limit the adoption of bioprocessing in the chemical industry today and which, if surmounted, would markedly accelerate the advanced manufacturing of chemicals via industrial biotechnology. Working at the interface of synthetic chemistry, metabolic engineering, molecular biology, and synthetic biology, Industrialization of Biology identifies key technical goals for next-generation chemical manufacturing, then identifies the gaps in knowledge, tools, techniques, and systems required to meet those goals, and targets and timelines for achieving them. This report also considers the skills necessary to accomplish the roadmap goals, and what training opportunities are required to produce the cadre of skilled scientists and engineers needed.

Green Toxicology

Alexandra Maertens
Green Toxicology Book PDF

Author : Alexandra Maertens
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
Page : 307 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2022-02-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781839164408

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Green Toxicology by Alexandra Maertens Pdf

Green toxicology is an integral part of green chemistry. One of the key goals of green chemistry is to design less toxic chemicals. Therefore, an understanding of toxicology and hazard assessment is important for any chemist working in green chemistry, but toxicology is rarely part of most chemists' education. As a consequence, chemists lack the toxicological lens necessary to view chemicals in order to design safer substitutions. This book seeks to fill that gap and demonstrate how a basic understanding of toxicology, as well as the tools of in silico and in vitro toxicology, can be an integral part of green chemistry. R&D chemists, product stewards, and toxicologists who work in the field of sustainability, can all benefit from integrating green toxicology principles into their work. Topics include in silico tools for hazard assessment, toxicity testing, and lifecycle considerations, this book aims to act as a bridge between green toxicologists and green chemists.