Modulating Glial Cells Phenotype New Findings And Therapies

Author : Alberto Javier Ramos,Yolanda Diz-Chaves,Maria Jose Bellini
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 178 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2020-12-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782889661831

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Modulating Glial Cells Phenotype: New Findings and Therapies by Alberto Javier Ramos,Yolanda Diz-Chaves,Maria Jose Bellini Pdf

This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.

Author : Brian D. Gulbransen
Publisher : Biota Publishing
Page : 72 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2014-07-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781615046614

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Enteric Glia by Brian D. Gulbransen Pdf

The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a complex neural network embedded in the gut wall that orchestrates the reflex behaviors of the intestine. The ENS is often referred to as the “little brain” in the gut because the ENS is more similar in size, complexity and autonomy to the central nervous system (CNS) than other components of the autonomic nervous system. Like the brain, the ENS is composed of neurons that are surrounded by glial cells. Enteric glia are a unique type of peripheral glia that are similar to astrocytes of the CNS. Yet enteric glial cells also differ from astrocytes in many important ways. The roles of enteric glial cell populations in the gut are beginning to come to light and recent evidence implicates enteric glia in almost every aspect of gastrointestinal physiology and pathophysiology. However, elucidating the exact mechanisms by which enteric glia influence gastrointestinal physiology and identifying how those roles are altered during gastrointestinal pathophysiology remain areas of intense research. The purpose of this e-book is to provide an introduction to enteric glial cells and to act as a resource for ongoing studies on this fascinating population of glia. Table of Contents: Introduction / A Historical Perspective on Enteric Glia / Enteric Glia: The Astroglia of the Gut / Molecular Composition of Enteric Glia / Development of Enteric Glia / Functional Roles of Enteric Glia / Enteric Glia and Disease Processes in the Gut / Concluding Remarks / References / Author Biography

Author : Sara Xapelli,Maria J. Diógenes,Vincenzo Crunelli,Carlos P. Fitzsimons,Sandra H. Vaz
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 134 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2020-06-08
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9782889637416

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Glial and Neural Stem Cells as New Therapeutic Targets for Neurodegenerative Disorders by Sara Xapelli,Maria J. Diógenes,Vincenzo Crunelli,Carlos P. Fitzsimons,Sandra H. Vaz Pdf

Author : María Gómez-Cañas,Onintza Sagredo,Valentina Satta,Concepcion Garcia,Paula Morales,Carmen Rodriguez Cueto
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 199 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2023-01-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782832512692

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Cannabinoids as potential treatment for neurological diseases by María Gómez-Cañas,Onintza Sagredo,Valentina Satta,Concepcion Garcia,Paula Morales,Carmen Rodriguez Cueto Pdf

Author : Amanda Sierra,Marie-Eve Tremblay,Hiroaki Wake
Publisher : Frontiers E-books
Page : 173 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2015-02-11
Category : Microglia
ISBN : 9782889193691

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Never-resting microglia: physiological roles in the healthy brain and pathological implications by Amanda Sierra,Marie-Eve Tremblay,Hiroaki Wake Pdf

Microglia are largely known as the major orchestrators of the brain inflammatory response. As such, they have been traditionally studied in various contexts of disease, where their activation has been assumed to induce a wide range of detrimental effects. In the last few years, a series of discoveries have challenged the current view of microglia, showing their active and positive contribution to normal brain function. This Research Topic reviewed the novel physiological roles of microglia in the developing, mature and aging brain, under non-pathological conditions. In particular, this Research Topic discussed the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which microglia contribute to the formation, pruning and plasticity of synapses; the regulation of adult neurogenesis as well as hippocampal learning and memory; among other important roles. Because these novel findings defy our understanding of microglial function in health as much as in disease, this Research Topic also summarized the current view of microglial nomenclature, phenotypes, origin and differentiation, and contribution to various brain pathologies. Additionally, novel imaging approaches and molecular tools to study microglia in their non-activated state have been discussed. In conclusion, this Research Topic seeked to emphasize how the current research in neuroscience is challenged by never-resting microglia.

Author : Takahiro A. Kato,Aye M. Myint,Johann Steiner
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 277 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2017-05-03
Category : Electronic book
ISBN : 9782889451579

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Minding Glial Cells in the Novel Understandings of Mental Illness by Takahiro A. Kato,Aye M. Myint,Johann Steiner Pdf

Traditionally, abnormalities of neurons and neuronal networks including synaptic abnormalities and disturbance of neurotransmitters have dominantly been believed to be the main causes of psychiatric disorders. Recent cellular neuroscience has revealed various unknown roles of glial cells such as astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia. These glial cells have proved to continuously contact with neurons /synapses, and have been shown to play important roles in brain development, homeostasis and various brain functions. Beyond the classic neuronal doctrine, accumulating evidence has suggested that abnormalities and disturbances of neuron-glia crosstalk may induce psychiatric disorders, while these mechanisms have not been well understood. This Research Topic of the Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience will focus on the most recent developments and ideas in the study of glial cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia) focusing on psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, mood disorders and autism. Not only molecular, cellular and pharmacological approaches using in vitro / in vivo experimental methods but also translational research approaches are welcome. Novel translational research approaches, for example, using novel techniques such as induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, may lead to novel solutions. We believe that investigations to clarify the correlation between glial cells and psychiatric disorders contribute to a novel understanding of the pathophysiology of these disorders and the development of effective treatment strategies.

Author : Raymond Ching-Bong Wong,Kouichi Hasegawa,Guei-Sheung Liu,Gary S. L. Peh
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 252 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2022-01-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782889719952

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Advances in Cell and Gene Therapy in Treating Neural Diseases by Raymond Ching-Bong Wong,Kouichi Hasegawa,Guei-Sheung Liu,Gary S. L. Peh Pdf

Author : Giovanni Cirillo,Andrea Beatriz Cragnolini,Livio Luongo
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 149 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2023-10-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782832536636

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Glial Cells, Maladaptive Plasticity and Neurodegeneration: Mechanisms, Targeted Therapies and Future Directions by Giovanni Cirillo,Andrea Beatriz Cragnolini,Livio Luongo Pdf

Author : Yu Tang,Isidre Ferrer
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 327 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9782889455256

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Microglial Polarization in the Pathogenesis and Therapeutics of Neurodegenerative Diseases by Yu Tang,Isidre Ferrer Pdf

Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is one of the shared prominent hallmarks among various forms of neurodegeneration. Depending on the milieu in which microglia become activated, the polarization of microglia shows to be heterogeneous with diverse functional phenotypes that range from pro-inflammatory phenotypes to immunosuppressive phenotypes. Therefore, targeting microglial polarization holds great promise for the treatment of neurodegeneration. This eBook focuses on the potential mechanisms of microglial polarization that are critically associated with a broad spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington’s disease (HD), Traumatic brain injury (TBI), glaucomatous neurodegeneration and prion diseases. This topic also involves the therapeutic targeting of microglial polarization by nutritional and pharmacological modulators. Moreover, this topic describes advanced technologies employed for studying microglia. Age-related changes in microglia functions are also discussed. Overall, this eBook provides comprehensive understandings of microglial polarization in the course of neurodegeneration, linking with aging-related microglial alterations and technologies developed for microglial studies. Hopefully, it will also give comprehensive insights into various aspects of therapeutic treatment for neurodegeneration, through targeting microglial polarization.

Author : Martin Henrik Maurer
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 742 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2012-01-20
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789533078069

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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis by Martin Henrik Maurer Pdf

Though considerable amount of research, both pre-clinical and clinical, has been conducted during recent years, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) remains one of the mysterious diseases of the 21st century. Great efforts have been made to develop pathophysiological models and to clarify the underlying pathology, and with novel instruments in genetics and transgenic techniques, the aim for finding a durable cure comes into scope. On the other hand, most pharmacological trials failed to show a benefit for ALS patients. In this book, the reader will find a compilation of state-of-the-art reviews about the etiology, epidemiology, and pathophysiology of ALS, the molecular basis of disease progression and clinical manifestations, the genetics familial ALS, as well as novel diagnostic criteria in the field of electrophysiology. An overview over all relevant pharmacological trials in ALS patients is also included, while the book concludes with a discussion on current advances and future trends in ALS research.

Author : David Finkelstein
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 412 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2011-11-02
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789533074634

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Towards New Therapies for Parkinson's Disease by David Finkelstein Pdf

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterised clinically by various non-motor and progressive motor symptoms, pathologically by loss of dopamine producing cells and intraneuronal cytoplasmic inclusions composed primarily of ?-synuclein. By the time a patient first presents with symptoms of Parkinson's disease at the clinic, a significant proportion of the cells in the substantia nigra have already been destroyed. This degeneration progresses despite the current therapies until the cell loss is so great that the quality of normal life is compromised. The dopamine precursor levodopa is the most valuable drug currently available for the treatment of PD. However for most PD patients, the optimal clinical benefit from levodopa decreases around five to six years of treatment. The aim of the chapters of this book is to work towards an understanding in the mechanisms of degeneration and to develop disease modifying therapies.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 648 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2015-03-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128014325

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Molecular and Cell Biology of Pain by Anonim Pdf

Pain is the number one reason that people seek medical attention but pain is still under- and poorly-treated world-wide. The purpose of this book is to give an up to date picture of what causes pain, how pain becomes chronic and what pharmacological targets might be manipulated to alleviate acute and chronic pain. The book will cover a wide array of topics from gene polymorphisms to voltage-gated ion channels moving from cellular biology to whole animal physiology. Written by future leaders in the pain field Covers a wide range of targets Contains provocative ideas about the future direction of the pain field.

Author : Guoqiang Xing,John Wesson Ashford,Yu Zhang,Yumin Zhang,Maheen Mausoof Adamson,Ansgar J. Furst
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 202 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2021-09-30
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9782889714322

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Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment of TBI-Induced Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Deficits by Guoqiang Xing,John Wesson Ashford,Yu Zhang,Yumin Zhang,Maheen Mausoof Adamson,Ansgar J. Furst Pdf

Author : Settimio Rossi,Claudio Bucolo,Julie Sanderson
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 132 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2022-06-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782889764280

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Chronic Inflammation and Neurodegeneration in Retinal Disease, Volume II by Settimio Rossi,Claudio Bucolo,Julie Sanderson Pdf

Author : Ishan Patro,Pankaj Seth,Nisha Patro,Prakash Narain Tandon
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 763 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2022-04-09
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789811683138

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The Biology of Glial Cells: Recent Advances by Ishan Patro,Pankaj Seth,Nisha Patro,Prakash Narain Tandon Pdf

This book reviews the role of glial cells (astrocytes, microglia, oligodendroglia, satellite cells, and Schwann cells) in neuronal health and diseases. It discusses the latest advances in understanding their origin, differentiation, and hemostasis. The book also examines the role of microglial cells in central nervous system (CNS) development, maintenance, and synaptic plasticity. Further, the book presents the functions of astrocytes in healthy CNS and their critical role in CNS disorders, including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Notably, the book describes the pathobiology, molecular pathogenesis, stem cells, and imaging characteristics of gliomas. It defines the role of glial cells in regulating iron homeostasis and their effect on the neurodegeneration of neurons. Lastly, it covers the structure, function, and pathology of oligodendrocytes and their role in neuronal health and disease. ​