Monetary Valuation Of Environmental Impacts

Author : Bengt Steen
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2019-11-11
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780429772368

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Monetary Valuation of Environmental Impacts by Bengt Steen Pdf

The book is meant to improve our understanding of sustainable development of production and consumption. Monetary values of the impact of emission and resources are determined, and used in environmental management, with a focus on sustainability. Values related to cultural context are not possible to predict, therefore ignored. The book only focuses on environmental goods and services that are used to satisfy basic human needs. One of the benefits of monetary valuation is its holistic approach. The impact of any contributing factor on the total value, can be determined, and the sensitivity to uncertainty in inputs can be estimated. This is useful in developing knowledge, where it is most needed. In a society, there are many economic units which need to function in tandem to support human welfare. Each unit has its own system boundary in what it includes and covers in time and space. The system boundary of a sustainable unit is likely to be very long and wide. This book provides data on long term monetary values of environmental impacts from human activities. It discusses the choice of system boundaries, and how to use monetary values in sustainable development. A large part of the book describes impact models in terms of the relation between emissions and natural goods and services.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 64 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9715610803

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Economic Evaluation of Environmental Impacts by Anonim Pdf

This workbook provides the nonspecialist a set of working tools to incorporate environmental costs and benefits within project analysis.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 202 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Environmental engineering
ISBN : 9781428914582

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Review of Monetary and Nonmonetary Valuation of Environmental Investments by Anonim Pdf

Author : David William Pearce,Anil Markandya,Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Publisher : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ; Washington, D.C. : OECD Publications and Information Centre
Page : 100 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : STANFORD:36105040972106

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Environmental Policy Benefits by David William Pearce,Anil Markandya,Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Pdf

Author : Michael Getzner,Clive Spash,Sigrid Stagl
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 437 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2004-10-21
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781134389230

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Alternatives for Environmental Valuation by Michael Getzner,Clive Spash,Sigrid Stagl Pdf

Methods for raising awareness of how human’s value the environment range from monetary valuation through to greater public participation in decisions. In this book a group of international experts explore innovative alternatives which are critically evaluated and compared. Lessons are drawn from both the successes and failures of different approaches. Case studies address a wide variety of cutting edge environmental problems from agro-forestry and wetlands to climate change, biodiversity and genetically modified organisms.

Author : Jennifer Rietbergen-McCracken,Hussein Abaza
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 289 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2013-10-11
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781134199174

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Environmental Valuation by Jennifer Rietbergen-McCracken,Hussein Abaza Pdf

This companion volume to Economic Instruments for Environmental Management presents essential information on the applications of economic valuation to environment and development. It draws on a three-year collaborative effort by research institutions around the world. Authoritative studies review the range of valuation methods used in developing economies, their purposes, the problems encountered and the quality of the results. Topics covered include the value of wildlife viewing, the conservation of rainforests, mangroves and coral reefs, supplying rural water, and controlling urban air pollution. The analysis reveals important methodological and contextual factors, highlighting key lessons and ways of strengthening future valuations. Written to be accessible to non-economists, the book provides source material for students and academics, and for policy-makers and professionals, using valuation methods to frame policy.

Author : Polski Komitet Normalizacyjny
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2021
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 8382288839

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PN-EN ISO 14008 by Polski Komitet Normalizacyjny Pdf

Author : Jean-Philippe Barde,David W. Pearce
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 244 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2013-11-05
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781134048533

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Valuing the Environment by Jean-Philippe Barde,David W. Pearce Pdf

This is the second in a pair of economic texts commissioned by the OECD in the field of environmental economics; The Pearce Report: Blueprint for a Green Economy puts the role which monetary evaluation of environmental costs and benefits can play firmly into the public eye. This book goes further and looks at six countries where such evaluation techniques are applied and at the obstacles to their further use. The case studies, written by leading experts in each nation, show how these methods are being taken up in the UK, Norway and Italy and the ways in which they are already extensively in use in the USA, Germany and the Netherlands. The authors also describe the obstacles to their use - the lack of knowledge of environmental economics at government level; the competition from other government priorities; and, the failure of environmental groups to grasp the importance of financial evaluation to their cause. But, as this book makes clear, significant advances are being made, both in the implementation of these economic techniques and, above all, in striking and yet further developments in economic thinking.

Author : Frew Hailu
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 40 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2014-11-10
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783656834656

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The Economic Value of Natural and Environmental Resource by Frew Hailu Pdf

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2013 im Fachbereich VWL - Umweltökonomie, , Veranstaltung: Environmental Economics, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Monetary valuation of environmental goods has by now become the subject of numerous economic books and articles. Interest in the topic seems to be increasing in the economics profession, and theoretical insight, methodological improvements and the numbers of empirical findings are expanding rapidly. The aim of such valuation is usually to incorporate environmental concerns into a cost-benefit analysis. Another purpose is to construct environmentally adjusted national income measures Environmental value estimates have also been combined with macroeconomic models, e.g. to estimate welfare effects of a climate treaty Further, estimated willingness to pay is now accepted in the USA as a basis for legal compensation claims for damages to natural resources caused by spill of hazardous substances (Nyborg, 1996) Valuation can simply be defined “as an attempt to put monetary values or to environmental goods and services or natural resources”. It is a key exercise in economic analysis and its results provide important information about values of environmental goods and services. This information can be used to influence decisions about wise use and conservation of forests and other ecosystems. The basic aim of valuation is to determine people’s preferences by gauging how much they are willing to pay (WTP) for given benefits or certain environmental attributes e.g. keep a forest ecosystem intact. In other words, valuation also tries to gauge how much worse off they would consider themselves to be as a result of changes in the state of the environment such as degradation of a forest. Economic valuation never refers to a stock, but only the change in a stock. If one speaks of the economic value of biodiversity, then one always means the economic value of a change of biodiversity. It is not a question of determining the ‘true’ value of biodiversity or ecosystems but valuing changes and comparing them with their alternatives, e.g. with a golf course vs without a golf course. Thus it is non-sense to ask “how much are the African National Parks worth?” A plausible question in this case would be: ‘WWF has proposed a new policy to prevent the huge losses of wildlife species from African National Parks. What is the monetary value of the benefits of this policy (i.e., the economic damages avoided)? Economists thus stress that the valuation should focus on changes rather than levels of biodiversity or ecosystem. [...]

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Water Science and Technology Board,Committee on Assessing and Valuing the Services of Aquatic and Related Terrestrial Ecosystems
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 291 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2005-05-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309093187

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Valuing Ecosystem Services by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Water Science and Technology Board,Committee on Assessing and Valuing the Services of Aquatic and Related Terrestrial Ecosystems Pdf

Nutrient recycling, habitat for plants and animals, flood control, and water supply are among the many beneficial services provided by aquatic ecosystems. In making decisions about human activities, such as draining a wetland for a housing development, it is essential to consider both the value of the development and the value of the ecosystem services that could be lost. Despite a growing recognition of the importance of ecosystem services, their value is often overlooked in environmental decision-making. This report identifies methods for assigning economic value to ecosystem servicesâ€"even intangible onesâ€"and calls for greater collaboration between ecologists and economists in such efforts.

Author : John Dixon,Louise Scura,Richard Carpenter,Paul Sherman
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 268 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2013-11-05
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781134164172

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Economic Analysis of Environmental Impacts by John Dixon,Louise Scura,Richard Carpenter,Paul Sherman Pdf

This revised and updated guide to the environmental economics of development projects demonstrates how the environmental impacts of projects can be translated into monetary values. The theoretical bases are examined, and the techniques themselves given detailed exposition, supported by extensive case studies illustrating a wide range of applications. The text should become a useful complement to all standard forms of project analysis.

Author : David Pearce,Corin Pearce,Charles Palmer
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 612 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2002-01-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 1781950962

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Valuing the Environment in Developing Countries by David Pearce,Corin Pearce,Charles Palmer Pdf

The substantial and growing interest in the monetary valuation of preferences for environmental improvement, and against environmental damage, has prompted a demand for case studies illustrating methodologies and applications of valuation techniques. In this book, the first of two volumes, the authors provide detailed case studies of valuation techniques that have been used in developing countries. They demonstrate that valuation works and that it can yield significant insights into policy-relevant issues regarding conservation and economic development. The authors address a whole range of environmental issues under the broad themes of water and air quality, biological diversity and forest functions. The economic approaches covered include contingent valuation, hedonic property prices, travel cost methodologies and benefits transfer. They also go on to look at the idea of extending national accounts to reflect changes in environmental assets. Examples of the varied and interesting case studies include valuing improvements to sanitation in Malaysia, the value of visits to game parks in South Africa and tropical forest values in Mexico. They highlight how valuation techniques can be applied, often with limited resources, to critical development issues. Academics and practitioners of environmental economics will draw great value from this unique and original work, as will the many multilateral and bilateral aid agencies. The book will also prove a valuable addition to graduate and undergraduate courses in environmental economics where there is a need for case material.

Author : Rüdiger Pethig
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 378 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 1994-06-30
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0792326024

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Valuing the Environment: Methodological and Measurement Issues by Rüdiger Pethig Pdf

During the last decades, environmental economics as a science has been very successful in improving our understanding of environment-economy interdepen dence. Using conventional economic methodology, environmental aspects have been explicitly incorporated into economic models making use of the concept of externality. This concept was already familiar to economists long before evidence of severe environmental deterioration found its way into the headlines and peo ple's awareness. But before that time, external effects were not considered as being empirically very relevant, they seemed to be -like the example of the bees and the fruit trees - somewhat bucolic in nature. All that changed dramatically when it was no longer possible (or easy) to ignore the large-scale environmental disruption with its negative feedback on consumers and producers caused by growing pollution and excessive use of environmental resources. In diagnosing the discrepancy between private and social cost as the cause of the problem, the externality paradigm proved very useful. The correct diagnosis implies the straightforward cure to internalise all external cost, namely the damage cost of pollution. But it is one thing to identify the qualitative nature of the problem at an abstract conceptual level and quite another thing to place specific money values on pollution damage and society's valuation of the environment, respectively, in the context of specific pollution (control) problems. Very often it is controversial not only how inefficient the no-policy situation is but also what exactly the net benefit of any public action of reducing pollution is.

Author : John Whitehead,Tim Haab,Ju-Chin Huang
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 343 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2012-03-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781136812224

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Preference Data for Environmental Valuation by John Whitehead,Tim Haab,Ju-Chin Huang Pdf

The monetary valuation of environmental goods and services has evolved from a fringe field of study in the late 1970s and early 1980s to a primary focus of environmental economists over the past decade. Despite its rapid growth, practitioners of valuation techniques often find themselves defending their practices to both users of the results of applied studies and, perhaps more troubling, to other practitioners. One of the more heated threads of this internal debate over valuation techniques revolves around the types of data to use in performing a valuation study. In the infant years of the development of valuation techniques, two schools of thought emerged: the revealed preference school and the stated preference school, the latter of which is perhaps most associated with the contingent valuation method. In the midst of this debate an exciting new approach to non-market valuation was developed in the 1990s: a combination and joint estimation of revealed preference and stated preference data. There are two primary objectives for this book. One objective is to fill a gap in the nonmarket valuation "primer" literature. A number of books have appeared over the past decade that develop the theory and methods of nonmarket valuation but each takes an individual nonmarket valuation method approach. This book considers each of these valuation methods in combination with another method. These relationships can be exploited econometrically to obtain more valid and reliable estimates of willingness-to-pay relative to the individual methods. The second objective is to showcase recent and novel applications of data combination and joint estimation via a set of original, state-of-the-art studies that are contributed by leading researchers in the field. This book will be accessible to economists and consultants working in business or government, as well as an invaluable resource for researchers and students alike.

Author : Sarah Bracking,Aurora Fredriksen,Sian Sullivan,Philip Woodhouse
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2018-10-17
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781351625111

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Valuing Development, Environment and Conservation by Sarah Bracking,Aurora Fredriksen,Sian Sullivan,Philip Woodhouse Pdf

Policy-makers are increasingly trying to assign economic values to areas such as ecologies, the atmosphere, even human lives. These new values, assigned to areas previously considered outside of economic systems, often act to qualify, alter or replace former non-pecuniary values. Valuing Development, Environment and Conservation looks to explore the complex interdependencies, contradictions and trade-offs that can take place between economic values and the social, environmental, political and ethical systems that inform non-monetary valuation processes. Using rich empirical material, the book explores the processes of valuation, their components, calculative technologies, and outcomes in different social, ecological and conservation domains. The book gives reasons for why economic calculation tends to dominate in practice, but also presents new insights on how the disobedient materiality of things and the ingenuity of human and non-human agencies can combine and frustrate the dominant economic models within calculative processes. This book highlights the tension between, on the one hand, a dominant model that emphasises technical and ‘universalising’ criteria, and on the other hand, valuation practice in specific local contexts which is more likely to negotiate criteria that are plural, incommensurable and political. This book is perfect for researchers and students within development studies, environment, geography, politics, sociology and anthropology who are looking for new insights into how processes of valuation take place in the 21st century, and with what consequential outcomes.