Monitoring The Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Source Processes And Explosion Yield Estimation

Author : Goran Ekstrom,Marvin Denny,John R. Murphy
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 444 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2001-12-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 3764365528

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Monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: Source Processes and Explosion Yield Estimation by Goran Ekstrom,Marvin Denny,John R. Murphy Pdf

Pure appl. geophys., by 161 nations. Entry of the treaty into force, however, is still uncertain since it requires ratification by all 44 nations that have some nuclear capability and, as of 15 June 2001, only 31 of those nations have done so. Although entry of the CTBT into force is still uncertain, seismologists and scientists in related fields, such as radionuclides, have proceeded with new research on issues relevant to monitoring compliance with it. Results of much of that research may be used by the International Monitoring System, headquartered in Vienna, and by several national centers and individual institutions, to monitor compliance with the CTBT. New issues associated with CTBT monitoring in the 21st century have presented scientists with many new challenges. They must be able to effectively monitor com pliance by several countries that have not previously been nuclear powers. Effective monitoring requires that we be able to detect and locate much smaller nuclear events than ever before and to distinguish them from small earthquakes and other types of explosions. We must have those capabilities in regions that are seismically active and geologically complex, and where seismic waves might not propagate efficiently.

Author : Frode Ringdal,Brian L.N. Kennett,Catherine de Groot-Hedlin,John Orcutt,Howard J. Patton,Brian J. Mitchell,Göran Ekström,Marvin Denny,John R. Murphy,Anatoli L. Levshin,Michael H. Ritzwoller,William Walter,Hans E. Hatse,Zoltan A. Der,Robert H. Shumway,Eugene T. Herrin
Publisher : Birkhäuser
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2002-09-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 3764369361

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Monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty by Frode Ringdal,Brian L.N. Kennett,Catherine de Groot-Hedlin,John Orcutt,Howard J. Patton,Brian J. Mitchell,Göran Ekström,Marvin Denny,John R. Murphy,Anatoli L. Levshin,Michael H. Ritzwoller,William Walter,Hans E. Hatse,Zoltan A. Der,Robert H. Shumway,Eugene T. Herrin Pdf

In September 1996, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), prohibiting nuclear explosions worldwide, in all environments. The treaty calls for a global verification system, including a network of 321 monitoring stations distributed around the globe, a data communications network, an international data centre (IDC), and on-site inspections, to verify compliance. This set of 7 volumes contains research papers focusing on seismic event location, hydroacoustics, regional wave propagation and crustal structure, source processes and explotion yield estimation, surface waves, seismic event discrimination and identification, data processing, and infrasound in the CTBT context.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Panel on Basic Research Requirements in Support of Comprehensive Test Ban Monitoring
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 150 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 1997-08-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309174503

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Research Required to Support Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Monitoring by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Panel on Basic Research Requirements in Support of Comprehensive Test Ban Monitoring Pdf

On September 24, 1996, President Clinton signed the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty at the United Nations Headquarters. Over the next five months, 141 nations, including the four other nuclear weapon statesâ€"Russia, China, France, and the United Kingdomâ€"added their signatures to this total ban on nuclear explosions. To help achieve verification of compliance with its provisions, the treaty specifies an extensive International Monitoring System of seismic, hydroacoustic, infrasonic, and radionuclide sensors. This volume identifies specific research activities that will be needed if the United States is to effectively monitor compliance with the treaty provisions.

Author : Frode Ringdal,Brian L.N. Kennett
Publisher : Birkhäuser
Page : 414 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2013-03-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783034882507

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Monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: Source Location by Frode Ringdal,Brian L.N. Kennett Pdf

In September 1996, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), prohibiting nuclear explosions worldwide, in all environments. The treaty calls for a global verification system, including a network of 321 monitoring stations distributed around the globe, a data communications network, an international data centre (IDC), and on-site inspections, to verify compliance. This volume contains research papers focusing on seismic ecent location in the CTBT context. The on-site inspection protocol of the treaty specifies a search area not to exceed 1000 square km. Much of the current research effort is therefore directed towards refining the accuracy of event location by including allowances for three-dimensional structure within the Earth. The aim is that the true location of each event will lie within the specified source zone regarding postulated location. The papers in this volume cover many aspects of seismic event location, including the development of algorithms suitable for use with three-dimensional models, allowances for regional structure, use of calibration events and source-specific station corrections. They provide a broad overview of the current international effort to improve seismic event location accuracy, and the editors hope that it will stimulate increased interest and further advances in this important field.

Author : National Academy of Sciences,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on International Security and Arms Control,Committee on Technical Issues Related to Ratification of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 102 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2002-08-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780309182935

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Technical Issues Related to the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty by National Academy of Sciences,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on International Security and Arms Control,Committee on Technical Issues Related to Ratification of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Pdf

Drawing upon the considerable existing body of technical material related to the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, the National Academy of Sciences reviewed and assessed the key technical issues that arose during the Senate debate over treaty ratification. In particular, these include: (1) the capacity of the United States to maintain confidence in the safety and reliability of its nuclear stockpile in the absence of nuclear testing; (2) the nuclear-test detection capabilities of the international monitoring system (with and without augmentation by national systems and instrumentation in use for scientific purposes, and taking into account the possibilities for decoupling nuclear explosions from surrounding geologic media); and (3) the additions to their nuclear-weapons capabilities that other countries could achieve through nuclear testing at yield levels that might escape detection, and the effect of such additions on the security of the United States.

Author : Zoltan A. Der,Robert H. Shumway,Eugene T. Herrin
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2002-05-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 3764366761

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Monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: Data Processing and Infrasound by Zoltan A. Der,Robert H. Shumway,Eugene T. Herrin Pdf

On September 10, 1996, The United Nations General Assembly adopted the Copmprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), prohibiting nuclear explosions worldwide, in all environments. The treaty calls for a global verification system, including a network of 321 monitoring stations distributed around the globe, a data communications network, an international data center (IDC), and on-site inspections, to verify compliance. This volume presents certain recent research results pertaining on methods used to process data recorded by instruments of the International Monitoring System (IMS) and addressing recording infrasound signals generated by atmospheric explosions. Six papers treating data processing provide an important selection of topics expected to contribute to improving our ability to successfully monitor a CTBT. Five papers concerning infrasound include descriptions of ways in which that important research area can contribute to CTBT monitoring, the automatic processing of infrasound data, and site conditions that serve to improve the quality of infrasound data.

Author : Frode Ringdal,Brian L.N. Kennett,Brian Leslie Norman Kennett
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 432 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2001-04
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 376436534X

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Monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty by Frode Ringdal,Brian L.N. Kennett,Brian Leslie Norman Kennett Pdf

In September 1996, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), prohibiting nuclear explosions worldwide, in all environments. The treaty calls for a global verification system, including a network of 321 monitoring stations distributed around the globe, a data communications network, an international data centre (IDC), and on-site inspections, to verify compliance. This volume contains research papers focusing on seismic ecent location in the CTBT context. The on-site inspection protocol of the treaty specifies a search area not to exceed 1000 square km. Much of the current research effort is therefore directed towards refining the accuracy of event location by including allowances for three-dimensional structure within the Earth. The aim is that the true location of each event will lie within the specified source zone regarding postulated location. The papers in this volume cover many aspects of seismic event location, including the development of algorithms suitable for use with three-dimensional models, allowances for regional structure, use of calibration events and source-specific station corrections. They provide a broad overview of the current international effort to improve seismic event location accuracy, and the editors hope that it will stimulate increased interest and further advances in this important field.

Author : H.J. Patton,Brian J. Mitchell
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 232 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2001-09-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 3764365501

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Monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty by H.J. Patton,Brian J. Mitchell Pdf

Regional seismograms are dominated by the phases Pn, Pg, Sn, and Lg. More often Sn and Lg are used to infer the attenuation structure of the lithosphere. The seismic phase Sn is a high-frequency shear-wave (typically from 1 to 4 Hz and occasionally higher) that travels in the lithospheric mantle above the negative velocity gradient which usually marks the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary. Sn has been reported out to distances of 35° (e. g. , MOLNAR and OLIVER, 1969; HUESTIS et aI. , 1973). Sn arrives as a high-frequency wave train lasting tens of seconds and up to 1 to 2 minutes. Sn velocities are typically 4. 7 km/s in stable continental and oceanic lithosphere (HUESTIS et al. , 1973) and as low as 4. 3 km/s (KADINSKY-CADE et al. , 1981) in more tectonically active regions. Lg is a complex short period guided wave consisting of high-frequency P and S energy which travels primarily in the earth's crust at frequencies typically between 0. 5 and 5 Hz. It has been modeled as higher-mode Love and Rayleigh waves as well as a sequence of multiply reflected post-critical S waves trapped in a crustal guide (BOUCHON, 1982; KENNETT, 1986; BOSTOCK and KENNETT, 1990). Lg has been observed not to propagate in oceanic or very thin continental crust (PRESS and EWING, 1952; SEARLE, 1975; ZHANG and LAY, 1995).

Author : William R. Walter,Hans E. Hartse
Publisher : Springer
Page : 285 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2013-04-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783034881692

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Monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: Seismic Event Discrimination and Identification by William R. Walter,Hans E. Hartse Pdf

In September 1996, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), prohibiting nuclear explosions worldwide, in all environments. The treaty calls for a global verification system, including a network of 321 monitoring stations distributed around the globe, a data communications network, an international data center, and onsite inspections, to verify compliance. The problem of identifying small-magnitude banned nuclear tests and discriminating between such tests and the background of earthquakes and mining-related seismic events, is a challenging research problem. Because they emphasize CTBT verification research, the 12 papers in this special volume primarily addresses regional data recorded by a variety of arrays, broadband stations, and temporarily deployed stations. Nuclear explosions, earthquakes, mining-related explosions, mine collapses, single-charge and ripple-fired chemical explosions from Europe, Asia, North Africa, and North America are all studied. While the primary emphasis is on short-period, body-wave discriminants and associated source and path corrections, research that focuses on long-period data recorded at regional and teleseismic distances is also presented Hence, these papers demonstrate how event identification research in support of CTBT monitoring has expanded in recent years to include a wide variety of event types, data types, geographic regions and statistical techniques.

Author : Ola Dahlman,Hans Israelson
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 451 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2016-10-27
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781483165165

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Monitoring Underground Nuclear Explosions by Ola Dahlman,Hans Israelson Pdf

Monitoring Underground Nuclear Explosions focuses on the checking of underground nuclear explosions, including the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTB), seismological stations, earthquake-source models, and seismicity. The publication first elaborates on test-ban negotiations, nuclear explosions, seismological background, and explosions and earthquakes as seismic sources. Concerns cover comparison between explosion-source and earthquake-source models, theoretical calculation of seismic waves, earth structure, seismicity, nuclear test activities, bomb designs, and disarmament treaties. The manuscript then tackles seismological stations, detection, event definition and location, depth estimation, and identification. Topics include multistation discriminants, statistical aspects, long-period and short-period signals, near distances, location by a network of stations, international data exchange, station detection capabilities, and station networks. The book examines the monitoring of a comprehensive test-ban treaty, nonseismological identification, evasion, peaceful nuclear explosions, and yield estimation. The text is a dependable reference for researchers interested in the monitoring of underground nuclear explosions.

Author : Catherine de Groot-Hedlin,John Orcutt
Publisher : Springer
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783034882705

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Monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban-Treaty: Hydroacoustics by Catherine de Groot-Hedlin,John Orcutt Pdf

In September 1996, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), prohibiting nuclear explosions worldwide, in all environments. The treaty calls for a global verification system, including a network of 321 monitoring stations distributed around the globe, a data communications network, an international data centre (IDC), and on-site inspections, to verify compliance. A global hydroacoustic monitoring system is being planned and implemented for verification of the CTBT. Much of the research conducted over the past several decades on acoustic surveillance of the oceans, formerly driven by the need to detect and track submarines, is now being applied to the development of effective monitoring methods to verify compliance with the CTBT. The aim of this volume on Hydroacoustic Monitoring of the CTBT is to summarize the research being conducted in this field and to provide basic references for future research. Much of the new research emphasizes major advances in understanding the coupling of ocean acoustic waves with elastic waves in the solid Earth. Topics covered include source excitation, detection and classification of events generating hydroacoustic signals, discrimination between underwater explosions and naturally occurring events, as well as topics in coupling of acoustic to seismic wavefields.

Author : Anatoli L. Levshin,Michael Ritzwoller
Publisher : Springer
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783034882644

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Monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: Surface Waves by Anatoli L. Levshin,Michael Ritzwoller Pdf

On September 1996, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), prohibiting nuclear explosions worldwide, in all environments. The treaty calls for a global verification system, including a network of 321 monitoring stations distributed around the globe, a data communications network, an international data center (IDC), and on-site inspections to verify compliance. Seismic methods play the lead role in monitoring the CTBT. This volume concentrates on the measurement and use of surface waves in monitoring the CTBT. Surface waves have three principal applications in CTBT monitoring: to help discriminate nuclear explosions from other sources of seismic energy, to provide mathematical characterizations of the seismic energy that emanates from seismic sources, and to be used as data in inversion for the seismic velocity structure of the crust and uppermost mantle for locating small seismic events regionally. The papers in this volume fall into two general categories: the development and/or application of methods to summarize information in surface waves, and the use of these summaries to advance the art of surface-wave identification, measurement, and source characterization. These papers cut across essentially all of the major applications of surface waves to monitoring the CTBT. This volume therefore provides a general introduction to the state of research in this area and should be useful as a guide for further exploration.

Author : Frode Ringdal,Brian L. N. Kennett,Brian Leslie Norman Kennett
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 434 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
ISBN : IND:30000079198531

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Monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty by Frode Ringdal,Brian L. N. Kennett,Brian Leslie Norman Kennett Pdf

In September 1996, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), prohibiting nuclear explosions worldwide, in all environments. The treaty calls for a global verification system, including a network of 321 monitoring stations distributed around the globe, a data communications network, an international data centre (IDC), and on-site inspections, to verify compliance. This volume contains research papers focusing on seismic ecent location in the CTBT context. The on-site inspection protocol of the treaty specifies a search area not to exceed 1000 square km. Much of the current research effort is therefore directed towards refining the accuracy of event location by including allowances for three-dimensional structure within the Earth. The aim is that the true location of each event will lie within the specified source zone regarding postulated location. The papers in this volume cover many aspects of seismic event location, including the development of algorithms suitable for use with three-dimensional models, allowances for regional structure, use of calibration events and source-specific station corrections. They provide a broad overview of the current international effort to improve seismic event location accuracy, and the editors hope that it will stimulate increased interest and further advances in this important field.

Author : Alan Douglas
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 559 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2013-03-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781107328761

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Forensic Seismology and Nuclear Test Bans by Alan Douglas Pdf

With the signing in 1996 of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, interest has grown in forensic seismology: the application of seismology to nuclear test ban verification. This book, based on over 50 years of experience in forensic seismology research, charts the development of methods of seismic data analysis. Topics covered include: the estimation of seismic magnitudes, travel-time tables and epicentres; seismic signal processing; and the use of seismometer arrays. Fully illustrated with seismograms from explosions and earthquakes, the book demonstrates methods and problems of visual analysis. Each chapter provides exercises to help the reader familiarise themselves with practical issues in the field of forensic seismology, and figures and solutions to exercises are also available online. The book is a key reference work for academic researchers and specialists in the area of forensic seismology and Earth structure, and will also be valuable to postgraduates in seismology and solid earth geophysics.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 152 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 1988
Category : Government publications
ISBN : UCR:31210024830083

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Seismic Verification of Nuclear Testing Treaties by Anonim Pdf