Monitoring Underground Nuclear Explosions

Author : Ola Dahlman,Hans Israelson
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 451 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2016-10-27
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781483165165

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Monitoring Underground Nuclear Explosions by Ola Dahlman,Hans Israelson Pdf

Monitoring Underground Nuclear Explosions focuses on the checking of underground nuclear explosions, including the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTB), seismological stations, earthquake-source models, and seismicity. The publication first elaborates on test-ban negotiations, nuclear explosions, seismological background, and explosions and earthquakes as seismic sources. Concerns cover comparison between explosion-source and earthquake-source models, theoretical calculation of seismic waves, earth structure, seismicity, nuclear test activities, bomb designs, and disarmament treaties. The manuscript then tackles seismological stations, detection, event definition and location, depth estimation, and identification. Topics include multistation discriminants, statistical aspects, long-period and short-period signals, near distances, location by a network of stations, international data exchange, station detection capabilities, and station networks. The book examines the monitoring of a comprehensive test-ban treaty, nonseismological identification, evasion, peaceful nuclear explosions, and yield estimation. The text is a dependable reference for researchers interested in the monitoring of underground nuclear explosions.

Author : Andreas Becker,Bernd Schurr,Martin Kalinowski,Karl Koch,David Brown
Publisher : Birkhäuser
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2010-06-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 3034603703

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Recent Advances in Nuclear Explosion Monitoring by Andreas Becker,Bernd Schurr,Martin Kalinowski,Karl Koch,David Brown Pdf

This topical volume focuses on the most recent advances that have been achieved in relevant fields of research of nuclear test ban monitoring, including seismology, infrasound- and hydro-acoustics, as well as nuclear physics and atmospheric backtracking. This research has been presented during the special sessions on "Research and Development in Nuclear Explosion Monitoring" convened during the 2007 and 2008 General Assemblies of the European Geosciences Union (EGU). The special sessions were introduced after the Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO Prepcom) had convened a scientific symposium in 2006 on "CTBT: Synergies with Science 1996-2006 and beyond" marking the tenth anniversary of the United Nations General Assembly’s adoption of the CTBT Treaty. With regard to the seismo-acoustic fields several papers provide important updates on advances made in these fields since publication of ‘Monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty’ (see PAGEOPH topical volumes 158-159, 2001-2002). Moreover, this topical volume expands on these publications by including radionuclide and noble gas monitoring, as well as atmospheric transport modeling. In these two areas, significant progress has been made in recent years. Two papers studying the 2006 North Korean nuclear test elucidate how progress made in the relevant fields has allowed for a good understanding on the characteristics of this underground nuclear test.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 104 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Government publications
ISBN : MINN:31951D00503014U

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The Containment of Underground Nuclear Explosions by Anonim Pdf

Author : Kin-Yip Chun,Canada. Arms Control and Disarmament Division
Publisher : The Division
Page : 60 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 1991
Category : Nuclear arms control
ISBN : UCLA:L0061239901

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Nuclear Test Ban Verification by Kin-Yip Chun,Canada. Arms Control and Disarmament Division Pdf

Seismology is the main method of monitoring nuclear explosions that take place underground. Improved seismographic hardware, Canadian research expertise, and the availability of suitable land are all helping Canada become an increasingly notable contributor to this branch of forensic seismology. This report describes verification and its rationale; the basic tasks of seismic verification; the physical basis for earthquake-explosion source discrimination and explosion yield determination; the technical problems in seismic monitoring of underground nuclear tests; the basic problem-solving strategy deployed by the forensic seismology research team at the University of Toronto; and the scientific significance of the team's research.

Author : Goran Ekstrom,Marvin Denny,John R. Murphy
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 444 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2001-12-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 3764365528

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Monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: Source Processes and Explosion Yield Estimation by Goran Ekstrom,Marvin Denny,John R. Murphy Pdf

Pure appl. geophys., by 161 nations. Entry of the treaty into force, however, is still uncertain since it requires ratification by all 44 nations that have some nuclear capability and, as of 15 June 2001, only 31 of those nations have done so. Although entry of the CTBT into force is still uncertain, seismologists and scientists in related fields, such as radionuclides, have proceeded with new research on issues relevant to monitoring compliance with it. Results of much of that research may be used by the International Monitoring System, headquartered in Vienna, and by several national centers and individual institutions, to monitor compliance with the CTBT. New issues associated with CTBT monitoring in the 21st century have presented scientists with many new challenges. They must be able to effectively monitor com pliance by several countries that have not previously been nuclear powers. Effective monitoring requires that we be able to detect and locate much smaller nuclear events than ever before and to distinguish them from small earthquakes and other types of explosions. We must have those capabilities in regions that are seismically active and geologically complex, and where seismic waves might not propagate efficiently.

Author : National Academy of Sciences,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on International Security and Arms Control,Committee on Technical Issues Related to Ratification of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 102 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2002-08-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780309182935

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Technical Issues Related to the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty by National Academy of Sciences,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on International Security and Arms Control,Committee on Technical Issues Related to Ratification of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Pdf

Drawing upon the considerable existing body of technical material related to the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, the National Academy of Sciences reviewed and assessed the key technical issues that arose during the Senate debate over treaty ratification. In particular, these include: (1) the capacity of the United States to maintain confidence in the safety and reliability of its nuclear stockpile in the absence of nuclear testing; (2) the nuclear-test detection capabilities of the international monitoring system (with and without augmentation by national systems and instrumentation in use for scientific purposes, and taking into account the possibilities for decoupling nuclear explosions from surrounding geologic media); and (3) the additions to their nuclear-weapons capabilities that other countries could achieve through nuclear testing at yield levels that might escape detection, and the effect of such additions on the security of the United States.

Author : Eystein S. Husebye,Anton M. Dainty
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 843 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401104197

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Monitoring a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty by Eystein S. Husebye,Anton M. Dainty Pdf

An international treaty banning the testing of any nuclear device in any environment - a comprehensive test ban treaty (CTBT) - has been on the political agenda for nearly 40 years. Objections to a CTBT have been political, technical, or a combination of both. However, the possibilities seem better after the end of the Cold War. In the prevailing, cooperative disarmament climate a CTBT appears likely to be approved by most countries in 1996. Hence the great current interest in monitoring technologies and capabilities. Such issues are comprehensively addressed here, a preamble being devoted to the political developments and setbacks over the past 40 years. Since seismic means are considered the dominant monitoring element, they are explored in detail. Contributions cover network deployments, advanced signal processing, wave propagation in heterogeneous media, and seismic source representations, and a variety of techniques for source classification (including neural networks). Complementary monitoring techniques, such as hydroacoustics, radionuclides and infrasound, are also summarised. The IAEA operation for monitoring compliance with the Non-Proliferation Treaty is also presented. The book also includes eyewitness accounts of the Soviet 50 Mt megabomb development and test, as well as the efforts made by the state to monitor the nuclear test programmes of the western powers. Includes some 33 articles written by distinguished scientists active in CTBT monitoring research for decades.

Author : Office of Technology Assessment (OTA),U. S. Government
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 324 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2017-11-16
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1973313685

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Nuclear Weapons by Office of Technology Assessment (OTA),U. S. Government Pdf

Three authoritative reports provide unique information about nuclear weapons testing and the verification of nuclear nonproliferation treaties: (1) The Containment of Underground Nuclear Explosions, (2) Seismic Verification of Nuclear Testing Treaties, (3) Environmental Monitoring for Nuclear Safeguards. The Containment of Underground Nuclear Explosions - At a time of continued underground nuclear bomb tests, an assessment of the safety of the process led to this report. This special report reviews the safety of the nuclear testing program and assesses the technical procedures used to test nuclear weapons and ensure that radioactive material produced by test explosions remains contained underground. An overall evaluation considers the acceptability of the remaining risk and discusses reasons for the lack of public confidence. Seismic Verification of Nuclear Testing Treaties - Like an earthquake, the force of an underground nuclear explosion creates seismic waves that travel through the Earth. A satisfactory seismic network to monitor such tests must be able to both detect and identify seismic signals in the presence of "noise," for example, from natural earthquakes. In the case of monitoring a treaty that limits testing below a certain size explosion, the seismic network must also be able to estimate the size with acceptable accuracy. All of this must be done with an assured capability to defeat adequately any credible attempt to evade or spoof the monitoring network. This report addresses the issues of detection, identification, yield estimation, and evasion to arrive at answers to the two critical questions: Down to what size explosion can underground testing be seismically monitored with high confidence? How accurately can the yields of underground explosions be measured? Environmental Monitoring for Nuclear Safeguards - To assure that states are not violating their Non-Proliferation Treaty commitments, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) must also verify that states do not possess covert nuclear facilities-a mission that prior to the 1991 Gulf War, it had neither the political backing nor the resources to conduct. In the report, OTA concluded that providing the IAEA with the resources, the information, and the political support it needs to look for such sites may turn out to be the most important aspect of a reinvigorated safeguards regime. The IAEA recognizes the importance of this new mission and is in the process of assuming it. One of the tools it is exploring to provide some indication of the presence of secret, or undeclared, nuclear activities and facilities is environmental monitoring. Modern sampling and analysis technologies provide powerful tools to detect the presence of characteristic substances that are likely to be emitted by such illicit activities. This background paper examines the prospects for such technologies to improve nuclear safeguards. It concludes that environmental monitoring can greatly increase the ability to detect undeclared activity at declared, or known, sites, and it can significantly increase the chances of detecting and locating undeclared sites.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Panel on Basic Research Requirements in Support of Comprehensive Test Ban Monitoring
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 150 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 1997-08-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309174503

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Research Required to Support Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Monitoring by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Panel on Basic Research Requirements in Support of Comprehensive Test Ban Monitoring Pdf

On September 24, 1996, President Clinton signed the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty at the United Nations Headquarters. Over the next five months, 141 nations, including the four other nuclear weapon statesâ€"Russia, China, France, and the United Kingdomâ€"added their signatures to this total ban on nuclear explosions. To help achieve verification of compliance with its provisions, the treaty specifies an extensive International Monitoring System of seismic, hydroacoustic, infrasonic, and radionuclide sensors. This volume identifies specific research activities that will be needed if the United States is to effectively monitor compliance with the treaty provisions.

Author : Reynolds Electrical & Engineering Co. Administrative Publications Section
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 322 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 1969
Category : Nuclear weapons
ISBN : UOM:39015095257500

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Technical Discussions of Offsite Safety Programs for Underground Nuclear Detonations by Reynolds Electrical & Engineering Co. Administrative Publications Section Pdf

Author : Frode Ringdal,Brian L.N. Kennett,Brian Leslie Norman Kennett
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 432 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2001-04
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 376436534X

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Monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty by Frode Ringdal,Brian L.N. Kennett,Brian Leslie Norman Kennett Pdf

In September 1996, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), prohibiting nuclear explosions worldwide, in all environments. The treaty calls for a global verification system, including a network of 321 monitoring stations distributed around the globe, a data communications network, an international data centre (IDC), and on-site inspections, to verify compliance. This volume contains research papers focusing on seismic ecent location in the CTBT context. The on-site inspection protocol of the treaty specifies a search area not to exceed 1000 square km. Much of the current research effort is therefore directed towards refining the accuracy of event location by including allowances for three-dimensional structure within the Earth. The aim is that the true location of each event will lie within the specified source zone regarding postulated location. The papers in this volume cover many aspects of seismic event location, including the development of algorithms suitable for use with three-dimensional models, allowances for regional structure, use of calibration events and source-specific station corrections. They provide a broad overview of the current international effort to improve seismic event location accuracy, and the editors hope that it will stimulate increased interest and further advances in this important field.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 156 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 1988
Category : Nuclear arms control
ISBN : UCAL:C2968240

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Seismic Verification of Nuclear Testing Treaties by Anonim Pdf

Author : National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Reviewing and Updating Technical Issues Related to the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 214 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2012-04-29
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780309149983

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The Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty by National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Reviewing and Updating Technical Issues Related to the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Pdf

This report reviews and updates the 2002 National Research Council report, Technical Issues Related to the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT). This report also assesses various topics, including: the plans to maintain the safety and reliability of the U.S. nuclear stockpile without nuclear-explosion testing; the U.S. capability to detect, locate, and identify nuclear explosions; commitments necessary to sustain the stockpile and the U.S. and international monitoring systems; and potential technical advances countries could achieve through evasive testing and unconstrained testing. Sustaining these technical capabilities will require action by the National Nuclear Security Administration, with the support of others, on a strong scientific and engineering base maintained through a continuing dynamic of experiments linked with analysis, a vigorous surveillance program, adequate ratio of performance margins to uncertainties. This report also emphasizes the use of modernized production facilities and a competent and capable workforce with a broad base of nuclear security expertise.

Author : William Walter,Hans E. Hartse
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 296 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2002-03-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 3764366753

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Monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: Seismic Event Discrimination and Identification by William Walter,Hans E. Hartse Pdf

In September 1996, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), prohibiting nuclear explosions worldwide, in all environments. The treaty calls for a global verification system, including a network of 321 monitoring stations distributed around the globe, a data communications network, an international data center, and onsite inspections, to verify compliance. The problem of identifying small-magnitude banned nuclear tests and discriminating between such tests and the background of earthquakes and mining-related seismic events, is a challenging research problem. Because they emphasize CTBT verification research, the 12 papers in this special volume primarily addresses regional data recorded by a variety of arrays, broadband stations, and temporarily deployed stations. Nuclear explosions, earthquakes, mining-related explosions, mine collapses, single-charge and ripple-fired chemical explosions from Europe, Asia, North Africa, and North America are all studied. While the primary emphasis is on short-period, body-wave discriminants and associated source and path corrections, research that focuses on long-period data recorded at regional and teleseismic distances is also presented Hence, these papers demonstrate how event identification research in support of CTBT monitoring has expanded in recent years to include a wide variety of event types, data types, geographic regions and statistical techniques.

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Subcommittee on Energy and the Environment
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 196 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 1988
Category : Radioactive fallout
ISBN : UOM:39015042698863

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Health Effects of Underground Nuclear Tests by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Subcommittee on Energy and the Environment Pdf