Research Required To Support Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Monitoring
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Panel on Basic Research Requirements in Support of Comprehensive Test Ban Monitoring,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Division on Earth and Life Studies,National Research Council
Author : Panel on Basic Research Requirements in Support of Comprehensive Test Ban Monitoring,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Division on Earth and Life Studies,National Research Council Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 133 pages File Size : 55,8 Mb Release : 1997-08-15 Category : Technology & Engineering ISBN : 9780309590792
Research Required to Support Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Monitoring by Panel on Basic Research Requirements in Support of Comprehensive Test Ban Monitoring,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Division on Earth and Life Studies,National Research Council Pdf
On September 24, 1996, President Clinton signed the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty at the United Nations Headquarters. Over the next five months, 141 nations, including the four other nuclear weapon states -- Russia, China, France, and the United Kingdom -- added their signatures to this total ban on nuclear explosions. To help achieve verification of compliance with its provisions, the treaty specifies an extensive International Monitoring System of seismic, hydroacoustic, infrasonic, and radionuclide sensors. This volume identifies specific research activities that will be needed if the United States is to effectively monitor compliance with the treaty provisions.
National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Reviewing and Updating Technical Issues Related to the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
Author : National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Reviewing and Updating Technical Issues Related to the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 214 pages File Size : 44,8 Mb Release : 2012-04-29 Category : Technology & Engineering ISBN : 9780309149983
The Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty by National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on Reviewing and Updating Technical Issues Related to the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Pdf
This report reviews and updates the 2002 National Research Council report, Technical Issues Related to the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT). This report also assesses various topics, including: the plans to maintain the safety and reliability of the U.S. nuclear stockpile without nuclear-explosion testing; the U.S. capability to detect, locate, and identify nuclear explosions; commitments necessary to sustain the stockpile and the U.S. and international monitoring systems; and potential technical advances countries could achieve through evasive testing and unconstrained testing. Sustaining these technical capabilities will require action by the National Nuclear Security Administration, with the support of others, on a strong scientific and engineering base maintained through a continuing dynamic of experiments linked with analysis, a vigorous surveillance program, adequate ratio of performance margins to uncertainties. This report also emphasizes the use of modernized production facilities and a competent and capable workforce with a broad base of nuclear security expertise.
Monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: Seismic Event Discrimination and Identification by William R. Walter,Hans E. Hartse Pdf
In September 1996, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), prohibiting nuclear explosions worldwide, in all environments. The treaty calls for a global verification system, including a network of 321 monitoring stations distributed around the globe, a data communications network, an international data center, and onsite inspections, to verify compliance. The problem of identifying small-magnitude banned nuclear tests and discriminating between such tests and the background of earthquakes and mining-related seismic events, is a challenging research problem. Because they emphasize CTBT verification research, the 12 papers in this special volume primarily addresses regional data recorded by a variety of arrays, broadband stations, and temporarily deployed stations. Nuclear explosions, earthquakes, mining-related explosions, mine collapses, single-charge and ripple-fired chemical explosions from Europe, Asia, North Africa, and North America are all studied. While the primary emphasis is on short-period, body-wave discriminants and associated source and path corrections, research that focuses on long-period data recorded at regional and teleseismic distances is also presented Hence, these papers demonstrate how event identification research in support of CTBT monitoring has expanded in recent years to include a wide variety of event types, data types, geographic regions and statistical techniques.
Monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty by Frode Ringdal,Brian L.N. Kennett,Brian Leslie Norman Kennett Pdf
In September 1996, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), prohibiting nuclear explosions worldwide, in all environments. The treaty calls for a global verification system, including a network of 321 monitoring stations distributed around the globe, a data communications network, an international data centre (IDC), and on-site inspections, to verify compliance. This volume contains research papers focusing on seismic ecent location in the CTBT context. The on-site inspection protocol of the treaty specifies a search area not to exceed 1000 square km. Much of the current research effort is therefore directed towards refining the accuracy of event location by including allowances for three-dimensional structure within the Earth. The aim is that the true location of each event will lie within the specified source zone regarding postulated location. The papers in this volume cover many aspects of seismic event location, including the development of algorithms suitable for use with three-dimensional models, allowances for regional structure, use of calibration events and source-specific station corrections. They provide a broad overview of the current international effort to improve seismic event location accuracy, and the editors hope that it will stimulate increased interest and further advances in this important field.
Monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: Source Location by Frode Ringdal,Brian L.N. Kennett Pdf
In September 1996, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), prohibiting nuclear explosions worldwide, in all environments. The treaty calls for a global verification system, including a network of 321 monitoring stations distributed around the globe, a data communications network, an international data centre (IDC), and on-site inspections, to verify compliance. This volume contains research papers focusing on seismic ecent location in the CTBT context. The on-site inspection protocol of the treaty specifies a search area not to exceed 1000 square km. Much of the current research effort is therefore directed towards refining the accuracy of event location by including allowances for three-dimensional structure within the Earth. The aim is that the true location of each event will lie within the specified source zone regarding postulated location. The papers in this volume cover many aspects of seismic event location, including the development of algorithms suitable for use with three-dimensional models, allowances for regional structure, use of calibration events and source-specific station corrections. They provide a broad overview of the current international effort to improve seismic event location accuracy, and the editors hope that it will stimulate increased interest and further advances in this important field.
Comprehensive Nuclear Test-ban Treaty [ctbt] by Ed. K.R. Gupta Pdf
There Has Been A Lively Debate, For The Last Three Years, On The Question Whether Or Nor India Should Sign The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty [Ctbt]. In Spite Of Great Importance Of The Subject For National Security, The Full Text Of Ctbt Is Not Easily Available. The Present Book Fulfills This Gap. This Will Enable The Experts And The Common Man To Have Better Understanding Of The On-Going Debate On The Subject. The Editor Contends That India Should Not Sign Such A Discriminatory And Inequitable Treaty. Signing Of Such A Treaty Would Hinder India S Efforts To Safeguard Its Security.It Is Hoped That The Book Would Be Of Great Value To The Researchers And Students Of Defence Studies, Parliamentarians, Senior Executives Concerned With Defence And The Common Readers.
Monitoring Compliance with the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) by Christoph Pilger,Lars Ceranna,Christian Bönnemann Pdf
The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) is dedicated to banning nuclear explosions worldwide. It was negotiated and adopted by the Conference on Disarmament in Geneva to comprehensively prohibit nuclear testing underground, underwater, and in the atmosphere. It was opened for signature in 1996 and will enter into force as soon as all 44 nuclear technology holder countries, as denoted in Annex 2 to the Treaty, will have signed and ratified it. Germany signed the CTBT in 1996 and ratified it in 1998, thereby committing to establish a National Data Center (NDC) and to install, operate, and maintain five stations of the International Monitoring System (IMS) for monitoring the compliances with the Treaty. Contributions on various CTBT related topics by authors from the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources in Hannover (Bundesanstalt f�r Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, BGR), which has been mandated by Germany as the NDC, are presented in this book. Studies on institutional, technical and scientific aspects in the CTBT context are described to highlight recent, current and future work at the German NDC and to contribute to the CTBT monitoring and verification tasks. Nevertheless, this book focuses primarily on those aspects of the verification regime where BGR has expertise as well as BGR's activities and responsibilities as the German NDC and an IMS station operator during the last twenty years. An overview of the CTBT history, verification, and implementation in Germany is provided together with a description of the five German IMS stations and the seismology, infrasound, hydroacoustic and radionuclide technologies. Studies on the global performance of the IMS technologies to detect, locate, and identify nuclear and non-nuclear events are presented, as well as various case studies on the application, testing and benchmarking of these technologies. These case studies include, in particular, the North Korean nuclear weapon tests from 2006 to 2016, but also the National Data Center preparedness exercises from 2007 to 2013, the Tohoku earthquake with tsunami and Fukushima reactor accident in 2011, and the Chelyabinsk meteoroid explosion in 2013. Further studies are related to considerations on the quality of CTBT International Data Center waveform products, and to the usefulness and potential of satellite remote sensing in CTBT context as a National Technical Means (NTM). Finally, the role of On-Site Inspection (OSI) in general and, specifically, Seismic Aftershock Monitoring Systems (SAMS) are discussed for investigating potential treaty violations as the ultimate step in the verification chain.
National Academy of Sciences,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on International Security and Arms Control,Committee on Technical Issues Related to Ratification of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
Author : National Academy of Sciences,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on International Security and Arms Control,Committee on Technical Issues Related to Ratification of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 102 pages File Size : 47,9 Mb Release : 2002-08-01 Category : Technology & Engineering ISBN : 9780309182935
Technical Issues Related to the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty by National Academy of Sciences,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee on International Security and Arms Control,Committee on Technical Issues Related to Ratification of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Pdf
Drawing upon the considerable existing body of technical material related to the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, the National Academy of Sciences reviewed and assessed the key technical issues that arose during the Senate debate over treaty ratification. In particular, these include: (1) the capacity of the United States to maintain confidence in the safety and reliability of its nuclear stockpile in the absence of nuclear testing; (2) the nuclear-test detection capabilities of the international monitoring system (with and without augmentation by national systems and instrumentation in use for scientific purposes, and taking into account the possibilities for decoupling nuclear explosions from surrounding geologic media); and (3) the additions to their nuclear-weapons capabilities that other countries could achieve through nuclear testing at yield levels that might escape detection, and the effect of such additions on the security of the United States.
Monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty: Source Processes and Explosion Yield Estimation by Goran Ekstrom,Marvin Denny,John R. Murphy Pdf
Pure appl. geophys., by 161 nations. Entry of the treaty into force, however, is still uncertain since it requires ratification by all 44 nations that have some nuclear capability and, as of 15 June 2001, only 31 of those nations have done so. Although entry of the CTBT into force is still uncertain, seismologists and scientists in related fields, such as radionuclides, have proceeded with new research on issues relevant to monitoring compliance with it. Results of much of that research may be used by the International Monitoring System, headquartered in Vienna, and by several national centers and individual institutions, to monitor compliance with the CTBT. New issues associated with CTBT monitoring in the 21st century have presented scientists with many new challenges. They must be able to effectively monitor com pliance by several countries that have not previously been nuclear powers. Effective monitoring requires that we be able to detect and locate much smaller nuclear events than ever before and to distinguish them from small earthquakes and other types of explosions. We must have those capabilities in regions that are seismically active and geologically complex, and where seismic waves might not propagate efficiently.
Frode Ringdal,Brian L.N. Kennett,Catherine de Groot-Hedlin,John Orcutt,Howard J. Patton,Brian J. Mitchell,Göran Ekström,Marvin Denny,John R. Murphy,Anatoli L. Levshin,Michael H. Ritzwoller,William Walter,Hans E. Hatse,Zoltan A. Der,Robert H. Shumway,Eugene T. Herrin
Author : Frode Ringdal,Brian L.N. Kennett,Catherine de Groot-Hedlin,John Orcutt,Howard J. Patton,Brian J. Mitchell,Göran Ekström,Marvin Denny,John R. Murphy,Anatoli L. Levshin,Michael H. Ritzwoller,William Walter,Hans E. Hatse,Zoltan A. Der,Robert H. Shumway,Eugene T. Herrin Publisher : Birkhäuser Page : 0 pages File Size : 45,6 Mb Release : 2002-09-26 Category : Science ISBN : 3764369361
Monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty by Frode Ringdal,Brian L.N. Kennett,Catherine de Groot-Hedlin,John Orcutt,Howard J. Patton,Brian J. Mitchell,Göran Ekström,Marvin Denny,John R. Murphy,Anatoli L. Levshin,Michael H. Ritzwoller,William Walter,Hans E. Hatse,Zoltan A. Der,Robert H. Shumway,Eugene T. Herrin Pdf
In September 1996, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), prohibiting nuclear explosions worldwide, in all environments. The treaty calls for a global verification system, including a network of 321 monitoring stations distributed around the globe, a data communications network, an international data centre (IDC), and on-site inspections, to verify compliance. This set of 7 volumes contains research papers focusing on seismic event location, hydroacoustics, regional wave propagation and crustal structure, source processes and explotion yield estimation, surface waves, seismic event discrimination and identification, data processing, and infrasound in the CTBT context.
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty by Jonathan E. Medalia Pdf
The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty would ban all nuclear explosions. It was opened for signature in 1996. As of February 2008, 178 nations had signed it and 144 had ratified. To enter into force, 44 specified nations must ratify it; 35 have done so. The Senate rejected the treaty in 1999; the Bush Administration opposes it. The United States has observed a nuclear test moratorium since 1992. There have been many calls worldwide for the United States and others to ratify the treaty. Many claim that it would promote nuclear nonproliferation; some see it as a step toward nuclear disarmament. Several measures have been introduced in Congress regarding the treaty; it might become an issue in the presidential election. The U.S. debate involves arguments on many issues To reach a judgment on the treaty, should it come up for a ratification vote in the future, Senators may wish to balance answers to several questions in a net assessment of risks and benefits. Can the United States maintain deterrence without testing? Are monitoring and verification capability sufficient? How might the treaty affect nuclear nonproliferation and disarmament? This report presents a detailed, comprehensive discussion of the treaty's pros and cons from a U.S. perspective. It contains an appendix outlining relevant history.
Monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty by Howard J. Patton,Brian J. Mitchell Pdf
"In September 1996, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), prohibiting nuclear explosions worldwide, in all environments. The treaty calls for a global verification system, including a network of 321 monitoring stations distributed around the globe, a data communications network, an international data centre (IDC), and on-site inspections, to verify compliance." "A global hydroacoustic monitoring system is being planned and implemented for verification of the CTBT. Much of the research conducted over the past several decades on acoustic surveillance of the oceans, formerly driven by the need to detect and track submarines, is now being applied to the development of effective monitoring methods to verify compliance with the CTBT." "The aim of this volume is to summarize the research being conducted in this field and to provide basic references for future research."--BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test Ban Treaty by Jonathan Medalia Pdf
Contents: (1) History of the Safeguards; (2) Deconstructing the Safeguards: (3) Reconstructing the Safeguards; (4) Implementing the Safeguards: Has past implementation been adequate?; Would revised Safeguards be effectively implemented?; Issues for implementation; (5) Nuclear Disarmament, Nuclear Nonproliferation, CTBT Ratification, and Revised Safeguards. Appendixes: Appendix A. Development of the Safeguards; Appendix B. Recommendations by General John Shalikashvili (USA, ret.), 2001; Appendix C. Letter and Memorandum from Senators Kyl, Domenici, and Sessions, 2008; Appendix D. Recommendations by the Congressional Commission on the Strategic Posture of the U.S., 2009.
National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Committee on the Science of Earthquakes
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Committee on the Science of Earthquakes Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 430 pages File Size : 54,7 Mb Release : 2003-08-22 Category : Science ISBN : 9780309169097
Living on an Active Earth by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Committee on the Science of Earthquakes Pdf
The destructive force of earthquakes has stimulated human inquiry since ancient times, yet the scientific study of earthquakes is a surprisingly recent endeavor. Instrumental recordings of earthquakes were not made until the second half of the 19th century, and the primary mechanism for generating seismic waves was not identified until the beginning of the 20th century. From this recent start, a range of laboratory, field, and theoretical investigations have developed into a vigorous new discipline: the science of earthquakes. As a basic science, it provides a comprehensive understanding of earthquake behavior and related phenomena in the Earth and other terrestrial planets. As an applied science, it provides a knowledge base of great practical value for a global society whose infrastructure is built on the Earth's active crust. This book describes the growth and origins of earthquake science and identifies research and data collection efforts that will strengthen the scientific and social contributions of this exciting new discipline.
