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Author : Ira H. Carmen
Publisher : Ann Arbor : University of Michigan Press
Page : 362 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 1966
Category : Motion pictures
ISBN : UOM:39015003760926
Author : Laura Wittern-Keller
Publisher : University Press of Kentucky
Page : 384 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2008-01-11
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780813138404
At the turn of the twentieth century, the proliferation of movies attracted not only the attention of audiences across America but also the apprehensive eyes of government officials and special interest groups concerned about the messages disseminated by the silver screen. Between 1907 and 1926, seven states -- New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Virginia, Kansas, Maryland, and Massachusetts -- and more than one hundred cities authorized censors to suppress all images and messages considered inappropriate for American audiences. Movie studios, hoping to avoid problems with state censors, worrying that censorship might be extended to the federal level, and facing increased pressure from religious groups, also jumped into the censoring business, restraining content through the adoption of the self-censoring Production Code, also known as the Hays code.But some industry outsiders, independent distributors who believed that movies deserved the free speech protections of the First Amendment, brought legal challenges to censorship at the state and local levels. Freedom of the Screen chronicles both the evolution of judicial attitudes toward film restriction and the plight of the individuals who fought for the right to deliver provocative and relevant movies to American audiences. The path to cinematic freedom was marked with both achievements and roadblocks, from the establishment of the Production Code Administration, which effectively eradicated political films after 1934, to the landmark cases over films such as The Miracle (1948), La ronde (1950), and Lady Chatterley's Lover (1955) that paved the way for increased freedom of expression. As the fight against censorship progressed case by case through state courts and the U.S. Supreme Court, legal authorities and the public responded, growing increasingly sympathetic toward artistic freedom. Because a small, unorganized group of independent film distributors and exhibitors in mid-twentieth-century America fought back against what they believed was the unconstitutional prior restraint of motion pictures, film after 1965 was able to follow a new path, maturing into an artistic medium for the communication of ideas, however controversial. Government censors would no longer control the content of America's movie screens. Laura Wittern-Keller's use of previously unexplored archival material and interviews with key figures earned her the researcher of the year award from the New York State Board of Regents and the New York State Archives Partnership Trust. Her exhaustive work is the first to discuss more than five decades of film censorship battles that rose from state and local courtrooms to become issues of national debate and significance. A compendium of judicial action in the film industry, Freedom of the Screen is a tribute to those who fought for the constitutional right of free expression and paved the way for the variety of films that appear in cinemas today.
Author : Laura Wittern-Keller,Raymond J. Haberski
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Law
ISBN : STANFORD:36105210596602
Examines the Supreme Court's unanimous 1952 decision in favor of a film exhibitor who had been denied a license to show the controversial Italian film, Il Miracolo. The ruling was a watershed event in the history of film censorship, ushering in a new era of mature--and sophisticated--American filmmaking.
Author : D. Biltereyst,R. Vande Winkel,Roel Vande Winkel
Publisher : Springer
Page : 321 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2013-03-26
Category : Performing Arts
ISBN : 9781137061980
Oppression by censorship affects the film industry far more frequently than any other mass media. Including essays by leading film historians, the book offers groundbreaking historical research on film censorship in major film production countries and explore such innovative themes as film censorship and authorship, religion, and colonialism.
Author : Frank Manchel
Publisher : Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press
Page : 988 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 1990
Category : Motion pictures
ISBN : 083863186X
The four volumes of Film Study include a fresh approach to each of the basic categories in the original edition. Volume one examines the film as film; volume two focuses on the thematic approach to film; volume three draws on the history of film; and volume four contains extensive appendices listing film distributors, sources, and historical information as well as an index of authors, titles, and film personalities.
Author : Matthew Bernstein
Publisher : A&C Black
Page : 314 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2000-01-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0485300923
Explaining the major forces at play behind the making of Hollywood films, this text assesses how changing values have influenced censorship in Hollywood. The text also analyses the major cultural, social, legal and religious changes and their effect on Hollywood.
Author : Jeremy Geltzer
Publisher : McFarland
Page : 245 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2017-10-26
Category : Performing Arts
ISBN : 9781476669526
Since the first films played in nickelodeons, controversial movies have been cut or banned across the United States. Far from Hollywood, regional productions such as Oscar Micheaux's provocative race films and Nell Shipman's wildlife adventures were censored by men like Major M.L.C. Funkhouser, the terror of Chicago's cinemas, and Myrtelle Snell, the Alabama administrator who made the slogan "Banned in Birmingham" famous. Censorship continues today, with Utah's case against Deadpool (2016) pending in federal court and Robert Rodriguez's Machete Kills (2013) versus the Texas Film Commission. This authoritative state-by-state account covers the history of film censorship and the battle for free speech in America.
Author : Gregory D. Black
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 354 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Performing Arts
ISBN : 0521565928
After a series of sex scandals rocked the film industry in 1922, movie moguls hired Will Hays to clear the image of movies. Hays tried a variety of ways to regulate movies before adopting what became known as the production code. Written in 1930 by a St Louis priest, the code stipulated that movies stress proper behaviour, respect for government, and 'Christian values'. The Catholic Church reinforced these efforts by launching its Legion of Decency in 1934. Intended to force Hays and Hollywood to censor films, the Legion of Decency engineered the appointment of Joseph Breen as head of the Production Code Administration. For the next three decades, Breen, Hays, and the Catholic Legion of Decency virtually controlled the content of all Hollywood films.
Author : Sheri Chinen Biesen
Publisher : Columbia University Press
Page : 268 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2018-08-28
Category : Performing Arts
ISBN : 9780231851138
Film Censorship is a concise overview of Hollywood censorship and efforts to regulate American films. It provides a lean introductory survey of U.S. cinema censorship from the pre-Code years and classic studio system Golden Age—in which film censorship thrived—to contemporary Hollywood. From the earliest days of cinema, movies faced controversy over screen images and threats of censorship. This volume draws extensively on primary research from motion picture archives to unveil the fascinating behind-the-scenes history of cinema censorship and explore how Hollywood responded to censorial constraints on screen content in a changing American cultural and industrial landscape. This primer on American film censorship considers the historical evolution of motion-picture censorship in the United States spanning the Jazz Age Prohibition era, lobbying by religious groups against Hollywood, industry self-censorship for the Hays Office, federal propaganda efforts during wartime, easing of regulation in the 1950s and 1960s, the MPAA ratings system, and the legacy of censorship in later years. Case studies include The Outlaw, The Postman Always Rings Twice, Scarface, Double Indemnity, Psycho, Bonnie and Clyde, Midnight Cowboy, and The Exorcist, among many others.
Author : Kevin Rockett
Publisher : Four Courts Press
Page : 552 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : History
ISBN : UOM:39015059205081
This book maps the history of Irish film censorship from its origins in the 1910s, through to the all-encompassing Censorship of Films Act 1923, the more liberal implementation of screening policies from the late 1960s onwards, and present-day concerns about media proliferation and distribution. Its main focus is on the 1920-70 period, when Irish film censors banned 3,000 films and cut an additional 10,000. The role of political censorship and its effect on television and cinema is examined, as are the more contemporary issues of video classification and debates around the internet and child pornography. Through the examination of over 18,000 of the censors decisions, Kevin Rockett provides an invaluable insight into the cultural geography of Ireland. - Choice Outstanding Academic Title 2005
Author : George Beck
Publisher : McFarland
Page : 176 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2020-10-27
Category : Performing Arts
ISBN : 9781476680224
Widespread law enforcement or formal policing outside of cities appeared in the early 20th century around the same time the early film industry was developing--the two evolved in tandem, intersecting in meaningful ways. Much scholarship has focused on portrayals of the criminal in early American cinema, yet little has been written about depictions of the criminal's antagonist. This history examines how different on-screen representations shifted public perception of law enforcement--initially seen as a suspicious or intrusive institution, then as a power for the common good.
Author : Max Heitzer
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 14 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2014-01-31
Category : Performing Arts
ISBN : 9783656584513
Seminar paper from the year 2013 in the subject Communications - Movies and Television, grade: 1,7, University of Applied Sciences Köln RFH, language: English, abstract: Although article 5 of the German constitution says that ”There shall be no censorship.“ and ”Art [...] shall be free.“ the reality looks different. Mainly movies and especially the horror genre often have problems with their aimed rating before they are published. In spite of an existing prohibition of censorship movies are cut down to be less harmful to youngsters and children although they are only suitable for adults anyway. But how does this procedure work? Which laws restrict the constitution and when are they applied? After a short definition of the word censorship, an introduction of the most important institutions and a view of the general censorship situation in Germany this term paper shall make clear that: Movie censorship is not necessary (in Germany).
Author : Jeremy Geltzer
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 262 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2016-01-04
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0692557474
In the beginning film was not speech. In 1915, as The Birth of a Nation was stampeding across America, the U.S. Supreme Court looked at motion pictures and ruled that the medium was "a business pure and simple." Movies were an amusement, an attraction, a penny-arcade diversion for children. The Mutual decision gave municipal censors, regional regulators, and self-appointed morality police the upper hand. Motion pictures producers, distributors, and exhibitor had to fight for free speech. By 1952 the Supreme Court was convinced to reverse its four-decade precedent and proclaim the freedom of the screen. But with the decline of state censorship new problems arose, pornography, profanity, and increasingly extreme content. Cinema, Censorship & the Law charts the progression of movies toward greater First Amendment protections. Enhanced with insightful introductions that provide context and background information, the casebook is a necessity for legal scholars on media issues, filmmakers desiring a glimpse at a hidden history of the medium, and individuals interested in the limits of free expression.
Author : Morris Leopold Ernst,Pare Lorentz
Publisher : Jerome S. Ozer Publishers
Page : 262 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 1971
Category : Performing Arts
ISBN : UOM:39015011283473
Author : Francis G. Couvares
Publisher : Univ of Massachusetts Press
Page : 356 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Architecture
ISBN : 1558495754
From the earliest days of public outrage over "indecent" nickelodeon shows, Americans have worried about the power of the movies. The eleven essays in this book examine nearly a century of struggle over cinematic representations of sex, crime, violence, religion, race, and ethnicity, revealing that the effort to regulate the screen has reflected deep social and cultural schisms. In addition to the editor, contributors include Daniel Czitrom, Marybeth Hamilton, Garth Jowett, Charles Lyons, Richard Maltby, Charles Musser, Alison M. Parker, Charlene Regester, Ruth Vasey, and Stephen Vaughn. Together they make it clear that censoring the movies is more than just a reflex against "indecency," however defined. Whether censorship protects the vulnerable or suppresses the creative, it is part of a broader culture war that breaks out recurrently as Americans try to come to terms with the market, the state, and the plural society in which they live.
