Nazism Liberalism And Christianity

Author : Kenneth C. Barnes
Publisher : University Press of Kentucky
Page : 255 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2021-11-21
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9780813187587

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Nazism, Liberalism, and Christianity by Kenneth C. Barnes Pdf

The Great Depression devastated the economies of both Germany and Great Britain. Yet the middle classes in the two countries responded in vastly different ways. German Protestants, perceiving a choice among a Bolshevik-style revolution, the chaos and decadence of Weimar liberalism, and Nazi authoritarianism, voted Hitler into power and then acquiesced in the resulting dictatorship. In Britain, Labour and Tory politicians moved gingerly together to form a National Government that muddled through the Depression with piecemeal reform. In this troubling book about troubled times, Kenneth Barnes looks into the question of how theologians and church leaders contributed to a cultural matrix that predisposed Protestants in these two countries to very different political alternatives. Holding fast to the liberal social gospel, British churchmen diagnosed the problems of the 1920s and the Depression ao solvable and called for genuine reforms, many of which foreshadowed the coming welfare state. German leaders, in contrast, were terrified by the socioeconomic and political problems of the Weimar era and offered no social message or solution. Despairingly, they referred the problems to secular politicians and after 1933 beat the drum for obedience to the Nazi state. Based on extensive research in European archives, especially the rich papers of the interwar ecumenical movement housed at the World Council of Churches in Geneva, this book examines key intellectual figures such as Karl Barth, Paul Tillich, Dietrich Bonhoeffer, and Archbishop William Temple, as well as many lesser known church officials and theologians. Barnes brings to life the intellectual struggles and dilemmas of the interwar period to help explain why good people could, for moral and religious reasons, choose opposing courses of political action.

Author : Oded Heilbronner
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 232 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2017-05-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9781317194552

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From Popular Liberalism to National Socialism by Oded Heilbronner Pdf

’Long live liberty, equality, fraternity and dynamite’ So went the traditional slogan of the radical liberals in Greater Swabia, the south-western part of modern Germany. This book investigates the development of what the author terms ’popular liberalism’ in this region, in order to present a more nuanced understanding of political and cultural patterns in Germany up to the early 1930s. In particular, the author offers an explanation for the success of National Socialism before 1933 in certain regions of South Germany, arguing that the radical liberal sub-culture was not subsumed by the Nazi Party, but instead changed its form of representation. Together with the famous völkish fraction and the leftist fraction within the chapters of the Nazi Party, there were radical-liberal associations, ex-members of radical-liberal parties, sympathizers with these parties, and notables with a radical orientation derived from family and regional traditions. These people and associations believed that the Nazi Party could fulfil their radical - liberal vision, rooted in the local democratic and liberal traditions which stretched from 1848 to the early 20th century. By looking afresh at the relationship between local-regional identities and national politics, this book makes a major contribution to the study of the roots of Nazism.

Author : Richard Steigmann-Gall
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 294 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Christianity and antisemitism
ISBN : 1461938309

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The Holy Reich by Richard Steigmann-Gall Pdf

Author : Paul R. Hinlicky
Publisher : Wipf and Stock Publishers
Page : 246 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2013-06-27
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9781621897286

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Before Auschwitz by Paul R. Hinlicky Pdf

What can Christian theology in North America learn from the rise of Nazism in Germany in the 1920s and 1930s? This book explores an explosion of scholarship in recent decades that has reopened questions once thought to be settled about the relationships between Nazism, Liberalism, and Christianity. In the process of criticizing the retrospective fallacy and urging a properly hermeneutical historiography, its method in historical theology causes us to reflect back upon our tacit commitments, suggesting that we are closer to fascism than we are aware and that, although the devil never shows its face twice in exactly the same way, the particular hubris of grasping after "final solutions" along biopolitical lines--that is, the "racially scientific" version of fascism that was Nazism--is and remains near at hand today, within our horizon of possibilities unrecognized in just the ways that it was unrecognized by Germans before Auschwitz. The book takes a fresh look at the theology of Adolf Hitler and finds themes that are disturbingly familiar. It summons to the renewal of Christian theology after Christendom in the form of critical dogmatics, where the motif of the Beloved Community replaces the fallen idol descended from Charlemagne.

Author : James Irvin Lichti
Publisher : Peter Lang
Page : 310 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : History
ISBN : 0820467316

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Houses on the Sand? by James Irvin Lichti Pdf

"Under Hitler, Germany's state-linked provincial churches functioned as seedbeds of nationalism. A smaller and independent church form - the "free church" or denomination - offered greater promise of nonconformity. Linked by pacifist traditions, German Mennonites, Seventh-day Adventists, and Quakers promoted a range of liberal principles: empowerment of the individual conscience, respect for confessional diversity, and separation of church and state. Nonetheless, two of these denominations used these same principles to defend and even embrace the Nazi regime. This book examines what makes Christian communities - when meeting the harsh challenges of modernity - viable entities of faith or hollow forms."--BOOK JACKET.

Author : Ingvar Kolden
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 305 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2021-04-23
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9781978710429

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Right-Wing Radicalism and National Socialism in Germany by Ingvar Kolden Pdf

This book explores the total resistance to Nazism among the Catholic Christian voters of the Zentrum party in the elections in German states in the Interwar period. Kolden explains the unique Catholic resistance by comparing the diverging evolutions of Catholic and Protestant cultures and mentalities since the awakening of German nationalism in the late eighteenth century. During the Empire (1871–1918) both socialists and Catholics were regarded as pariah groups by the dominant non-socialist Protestant majority, and more so after the WWI defeat, when the pariah-parties, together with Protestant liberals, tried to accommodate the new democratic circumstances with their Weimar Constitution. When right-wing radicals, and eventually the Nazis, increased their support—largely on behalf of the rapid shrinking number of liberals—the Catholic church leaders showed a stubborn stance against the rightists, issuing several resolutions of condemnation, whereas no such appeared from their Protestant counterparts. In contrast, many local Protestant clergymen agitated for the Nazi party. The anti-Catholic sentiment, obvious among prominent Nazis, enhanced the antagonism, especially after the publication of Alfred Rosenberg’s The Myth of the 20th Century in 1930. The basic and profound confessional difference appears in the less Christian-profiled agrarian parties: anti-Semitic and right-wing radical Protestant parties confronted by one left-wing and democratic Catholic party. By 1945 the bulk of the former rightist Protestants sided with the Catholics, who reorganized their party to the non-denominational CDU, which has been the mightiest proponent in Europe of the former party’s ambitions of democracy, stability, anti-racism, human rights and European unity.

Author : Richard Steigmann-Gall
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 318 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2003-04-21
Category : History
ISBN : 9781107393929

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The Holy Reich by Richard Steigmann-Gall Pdf

Analyzing the previously unexplored religious views of the Nazi elite, Richard Steigmann-Gall argues against the consensus that Nazism as a whole was either unrelated to Christianity or actively opposed to it. He demonstrates that many participants in the Nazi movement believed that the contours of their ideology were based on a Christian understanding of Germany's ills and their cure. A program usually regarded as secular in inspiration - the creation of a racialist 'people's community' embracing antisemitism, antiliberalism and anti-Marxism - was, for these Nazis, conceived in explicitly Christian terms. His examination centers on the concept of 'positive Christianity,' a religion espoused by many members of the party leadership. He also explores the struggle the 'positive Christians' waged with the party's paganists - those who rejected Christianity in toto as foreign and corrupting - and demonstrates that this was not just a conflict over religion, but over the very meaning of Nazi ideology itself.

Author : Karla O. Poewe
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 217 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : History
ISBN : 9780415290241

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New Religions and the Nazis by Karla O. Poewe Pdf

Looking at modern German paganism as well as the established Church, Poewe reveals that the new religions founded in the pre-Nazi and Nazi years, especially Jakob Hauer's German Faith Movement, would be a model for how German fascism distilled aspects of religious doctrine into political extremism."--BOOK JACKET.

Author : Peter G. J. Pulzer
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 388 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 1988
Category : History
ISBN : 0674771664

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The Rise of Political Anti-semitism in Germany & Austria by Peter G. J. Pulzer Pdf

To understand the 20th century, we must know the 19th. It was then that an ancient prejudice was forged into a modern political weapon. How and why this happened is shown in this classic study by Peter Pulzer, first published in 1964 and now reprinted with a new Introduction by the author.

Author : Richard Bonney
Publisher : Peter Lang
Page : 594 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : History
ISBN : 3039119044

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Confronting the Nazi War on Christianity by Richard Bonney Pdf

Contemporaries and historians have found it difficult to interpret the ambiguous relationship between National Socialism and Christianity. Both the Catholic and Protestant Churches tended to agree with National Socialists in their authoritarianism, their attacks on socialism and communism, and their campaign against the Versailles Treaty; but the doctrinal position of the Churches could not be reconciled with the principle of racism, a foreign policy of unlimited aggressive warfare, or a domestic agenda involving the complete subservience of Church to State. Important sections of the Nazi Party sought the complete extirpation of Christianity and its substitution by a purely racial religion, but considerations of expediency made it impossible for the National Socialist leadership to adopt this radical anti-Christian stance as official policy. The Kulturkampf Newsletters, which have not appeared in English since the 1930s, were produced by German Catholic exiles in France. They scrupulously document the tensions between various strands of Nazi policy, and the nature of the policy eventually adopted: this was to reduce the Churches' influence in all areas of public life through the use of every available means, yet without provoking the difficulties - diplomatic as well as domestic - which an openly declared war of extermination might have caused.

Author : David Richard Davies
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 234 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 1949
Category : Apologetics
ISBN : WISC:89097216063

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On to Orthodoxy by David Richard Davies Pdf

Author : Franz G. M. Feige
Publisher : Edwin Mellen Press
Page : 528 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 1990
Category : History
ISBN : STANFORD:36105038669532

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The Varieties of Protestantism in Nazi Germany by Franz G. M. Feige Pdf

Examines the history of Christianity in the area of the relationship between theology and politics, particularly as applied to the encounter of German Protestantism and National Socialism, a topic usually treated as the German church struggle.

Author : Cajus Fabricius
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 80 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 1937
Category : Christianity
ISBN : MINN:31951P01100022I

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Positive Christianity in the Third Reich by Cajus Fabricius Pdf

Author : Hubert G. Locke
Publisher : Edwin Mellen Press
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 1984
Category : History
ISBN : 0889467625

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The Church Confronts the Nazis by Hubert G. Locke Pdf

A collection of working papers published in preparation for the American conference at Seattle observing the 50th anniversary of the Barmen Declaration. In the paper by J.S. Conway, the struggle between the churches and the Third Reich is detailed. The author argues that the Barmen Declaration was not intended as a political protest against the Hitler state, but only the nazified Church, that the Confessing Church was never really the spearhead of resistance to the tyranny that engulfed Germany, that the Roman Catholic Church was essentially neutralized and that the churchgoing population did not realize the implications of Nazism until it was too late.

Author : Waldemar Gurian
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 1981
Category : Political Science
ISBN : UOM:39015031873022

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Hitler and the Christians by Waldemar Gurian Pdf