Neanderthals In The Levant

Author : Donald O. Henry
Publisher : A&C Black
Page : 337 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2003-10-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9781441183095

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Neanderthals in the Levant by Donald O. Henry Pdf

The volume traces the controversy that revolves around the bio-cultural relationships of Archaic (Neanderthal) and Modern humans at global and regional, Levantine scales. The focus of the book is on understanding the degree to which the behavioral organization of Archaic groups differed from Moderns. To this end, a case study is presented for a 44-70,000 year old, Middle Paleolithic occupation of a Jordanian rockshelter. The research, centering on the spatial analysis of artifacts, hearths and related data, reveals how the Archaic occupants of the shelter structured their activities and placed certain conceptual labels on different parts of the site. The structure of Tor Faraj is compared to site structures defined for modern foragers, in both ethnographic and archaeological contexts, to measure any differences in behavioral organization. The comparisons show very similar structures for Tor Faraj and its modern cohorts. The implications of this finding challenge prevailing views in the emergence of modern human controversy in which Archaic groups are thought to have had inferior cognition and less complex behavioral-social organization than modern foragers. And, it is generally thought that such behaviors only emerged after the appearance of the Upper Paleolithic, dated some 10-20,000 years later than the occupation of Tor Faraj.

Author : Donald O. Henry
Publisher : New Approaches to Anthropologi
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2023-02-23
Category : History
ISBN : 9781350343993

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Neanderthals in the Levant by Donald O. Henry Pdf

This significant contribution to scholarship on the Middle Paleolithic, now reissued with a new preface, traces the controversy that revolves around the bio-cultural relationships of Archaic (Neanderthal) and Modern humans at global and regional, Levantine scales. The focus of the book is on understanding the degree to which the behavioral organization of Archaic groups differed from Moderns. To this end, a case study is presented for a 44-70,000 year old, Middle Paleolithic occupation of a Jordanian rockshelter. The research, centering on the spatial analysis of artifacts, hearths and related data, reveals how the Archaic occupants of the shelter structured their activities and placed certain conceptual labels on different parts of the site. The structure of Tor Faraj is compared to site structures defined for modern foragers, in both ethnographic and archaeological contexts, to measure any differences in behavioral organization. The comparisons show very similar structures for Tor Faraj and its modern cohorts, and the implications of this finding challenge prevailing views that Archaic groups had inferior cognition and less complex behavioral-social organization than modern foragers. The study also calls into question the contention that such behaviors only emerged after the appearance of the Upper Paleolithic, dated some 10-20,000 years later than the occupation of Tor Faraj.

Author : Yoshihiro Nishiaki,Takeru Akazawa
Publisher : Springer
Page : 218 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2017-12-06
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789811068263

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The Middle and Upper Paleolithic Archeology of the Levant and Beyond by Yoshihiro Nishiaki,Takeru Akazawa Pdf

This volume is a compilation of results from sessions of the Second International Conference on the Replacement of Neanderthals by Modern Humans, which took place between November 30 and December 6, 2014, in Hokkaido, Japan. Similar to the first conference held in 2012 in Tokyo, the 2014 conference (RNMH2014) aimed to compile the results of the latest multidisciplinary approaches investigating the issues surrounding the replacement of Neanderthals by modern humans. The results of the sessions, supplemented by off-site contributions, center on the archeology of the Middle and Upper Paleolithic of the Levant and beyond. The first part of this volume presents recent findings from the Levant, while the second part focuses on the neighboring regions, namely, the Caucasus, the Zagros, and South Asia. The 13 chapters in this volume highlight the distinct nature of the cultural occurrences during the Middle and Upper Paleolithic periods of the Levant, displaying a continuous development as well as a combination of lithic traditions that may have originated in different regions. This syncretism, which is an unusual occurrence in the regions discussed in this volume, reinforces the importance of the Levant as a region for interpreting the RNMH phenomenon in West Asia.

Author : Ian Tattersall
Publisher : MacMillan Publishing Company
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Science
ISBN : UOM:39015031847851

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The Last Neanderthal by Ian Tattersall Pdf

Marshals the best available evidence to unravel the mysteries of the Neanderthals -- who they were, how they lived, how they succeeded for so long, and -- the most intriguing question -- what happened to them.

Author : Yehouda Enzel,Ofer Bar-Yosef
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 789 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2017-04-27
Category : History
ISBN : 9781107090460

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Quaternary of the Levant by Yehouda Enzel,Ofer Bar-Yosef Pdf

Over eighty contributions from leading researchers review 2.5 million years of environmental change and human cultural evolution in the Levant.

Author : Takeru Akazawa,Kenichi Aoki,Ofer Bar-Yosef
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 802 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2005-12-27
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780306471537

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Neandertals and Modern Humans in Western Asia by Takeru Akazawa,Kenichi Aoki,Ofer Bar-Yosef Pdf

In this fascinating volume, the Middle Paleolithic archaeology of the Middle East is brought to the current debate on the origins of modern humans. These collected papers gather the most up-to-date archaeological discoveries of Western Asia - a region that is often overshadowed by African or European findings - but the only region in the world where both Neandertal and early modern human fossils have been found. The collection includes reports on such well known cave sites as Kebara, Hayonim, and Qafzeh, among others. The information and interpretations available here are a must for any serious researcher or student of anthropology or human evolution.

Author : Elena A. A. Garcea
Publisher : Oxbow Books Limited
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Social Science
ISBN : NWU:35556040948192

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South-eastern Mediterranean Peoples Between 130,000 and 10,000 Years Ago by Elena A. A. Garcea Pdf

The Upper Pleistocene era encompassed a period of dramatic cultural developments in the south-eastern Mediterranean basin. This book highlights and synthesizes the latest research and current scientific debate on the archaeology of this time period in North Africa and the Near East. Recent archaeological research in North Africa has meant this region now plays a decisive role in scientific debate. After decades of neglect, the archaeological record from North Africa has now been seen to parallel in significance that of the Near East. This book offers an opportunity to observe the Afro-Asian side of the Mediterranean basin as an uninterrupted land, as it was for its Upper Pleistocene inhabitants. Areas of focus include the Out-of-Africa movement of anatomically modern humans (Homo sapiens) into the Levant and the transition from the Middle Palaeolithic/Middle Stone Age to the Upper Palaeolithic/Later Stone Age, during which a change of lifestyle took place, based on plant cultivation and animal husbandry. These topics are of crucial interest to anyone studying human evolution, prehistoric archaeology, anthropology, and palaeo-environmental studies. This volume brings together data as well as perspectives from various scholars, often separated by their areas of interest and location. This volume is complementary to The Mediterranean from 50,000 to 25,000 BP: Turning Points and New Directions edited by M. Camps and C. Szmidt (Oxbow Books, 2009).

Author : Daniel Kaufman
Publisher : Praeger
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 1999-04-30
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780897895781

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Archaeological Perspectives on the Origins of Modern Humans by Daniel Kaufman Pdf

Through an analysis of archaeological data from the Levant, this text argues that by at least 100,000 years ago people of the Middle Paleolithic period, usually regarded as being somewhat less than human were, on the contrary, fully modern in terms of their behavioural and cultural systems.

Author : Francesca Romagnoli,Florent Rivals,Stefano Benazzi
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 382 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2022-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128214282

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Updating Neanderthals by Francesca Romagnoli,Florent Rivals,Stefano Benazzi Pdf

Updating Neanderthals: Understanding Behavioral Complexity in the Late Middle Paleolithic provides comprehensive knowledge on Neanderthals who lived throughout the European and Asian continents. The book synthesizes historical information about the study of Middle Paleolithic populations and presents current debates about their genetics, subsistence, technology, social and cognitive behaviors. It focuses on the last phase of Neanderthal settlements and presents the main patterns of modern humans across Europe. Written by international experts on the Middle Paleolithic who have conducted innovative studies in the last three decades, this book explores the implications of interactions between different human species, including Neanderthals, Denisovans and Sapiens. In addition, the book discusses the diversity and variability of human adaptations and behaviors in the changing climate and environment of the Late Pleistocene, and the relationship between these behaviors, demography and cognitive capabilities. Offers a comprehensive update on the variability and diversity of Neanderthal behaviors during the Late Pleistocene Presents an interdisciplinary reconstruction of Neanderthals by assessing archaeology, paleontology, paleoecology, anthropology, genetics and cognition Reviews the reliability of archaeological data and the theoretical and methodological advances of the last 30 years Discusses the most debated Neanderthal themes, such as demography, diet, socio-economy and art

Author : Paul Jordan
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 268 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2000-03-23
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0750925035

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Neanderthal Rp Pb by Paul Jordan Pdf

Author : Takeru Akazawa,Yoshihiro Nishiaki,Kenichi Aoki
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 277 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2013-12-16
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9784431545118

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Dynamics of Learning in Neanderthals and Modern Humans Volume 1 by Takeru Akazawa,Yoshihiro Nishiaki,Kenichi Aoki Pdf

This volume presents the first of two proceedings from the International Conference on the Replacement of Neanderthals by Modern Humans, which took place in Tokyo in November 2012. Focussing on a highly innovative working hypothesis called the ‘learning hypothesis’, which attempts to explain the replacement as a result of differences in the learning abilities of these two hominid populations, the conference served as the latest multidisciplinary discussion forum on this intriguing Palaeoanthropological issue. The present volume reports on outcomes of the conference in three major sections. Part 1 provides an archaeological overview of the processes of replacement/assimilation of Neanderthals by modern humans. Part 2 consists of archaeological and ethnographic case studies exploring evidence of learning behaviours in prehistoric and modern hunter-gatherer societies. Part 3 presents a collection of papers that directly contributes to the definition, validation and testing of the learning hypothesis in terms of population biology and evolutionary theory. A total of 18 papers in this volume make available to readers unique cultural perspectives on mechanisms of the replacement/assimilation of Neanderthals by modern humans and suggested relationships between these mechanisms and different learning strategies.

Author : Nicholas John Conard
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 520 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Antiquities, Prehistoric
ISBN : PSU:000060656216

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When Neanderthals and Modern Humans Met by Nicholas John Conard Pdf

Author : Yoshihiro Nishiaki,Olaf Jöris
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2019-11-27
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789811389801

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Learning Among Neanderthals and Palaeolithic Modern Humans by Yoshihiro Nishiaki,Olaf Jöris Pdf

This book is based on the research performed for the Replacement of Neanderthals by Modern Humans Project. The central issue of the project is the investigation of possible differences between the two populations in cognitive ability for learning. The project aims to evaluate a unique working hypothesis, coined as the learning hypothesis, which postulates that differences in learning eventually resulted in the replacement of those populations. The book deals with relevant archaeological records to understand the learning behaviours of Neanderthals and modern humans. Learning behaviours are conditioned by numerous factors including not only cognitive ability but also cultural traditions, social structure, population size, and life history. The book addresses the issues in two parts, comparing learning behaviours in terms of cognitive ability and social environments, respectively. Collectively, it provides new insights into the behavioural characteristics of Neanderthals and modern humans from a previously overlooked perspective. Furthermore, it highlights the significance of understanding learning in prehistory, the driving force for any development of culture and technology among human society.

Author : Erella Hovers
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 384 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2009-06-09
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0198043414

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The Lithic Assemblages of Qafzeh Cave by Erella Hovers Pdf

This book presents the first comprehensive description of the lithic assemblages from Qafzeh Cave, one of only two Middle Paleolithic sites in the Levant that has yielded multiple burials of early anatomically modern Homo sapiens (AMHs). The record from this region raises the question of possible long-term temporal overlap between early AMHs and Neanderthals. For this reason, Qafzeh has long been one of the pivotal sites in debates on the origins of AMHs and in attempts to compare and contrast the two species' adaptations and behavior. Although the hominin fossils from the site were published years ago, until now the associated archaeological assemblages were incompletely described, often leading to conflicting interpretations. This monograph includes a thorough technological analysis of the lithic assemblages, incorporated in their geological and sedimentological contexts. This description serves as a springboard for regional comparisons as well as a more general discussion about Middle Paleolithic behavior, which is relevant to important and as yet unresolved questions on the origins of "modern" behavior patterns. The volume includes a wide-ranging and up-to-date bibliography that provides the middle-range for discussing the ecological context and behavioral complexity of the Middle Paleolithic period, and ends with some thought-provoking conclusions about the dynamic human interactions that existed in the region during this time.

Author : Pat Shipman
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 283 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780674736764

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The Invaders by Pat Shipman Pdf

A Times Higher Education Book of the Week Approximately 200,000 years ago, as modern humans began to radiate out from their evolutionary birthplace in Africa, Neanderthals were already thriving in Europe—descendants of a much earlier migration of the African genus Homo. But when modern humans eventually made their way to Europe 45,000 years ago, Neanderthals suddenly vanished. Ever since the first Neanderthal bones were identified in 1856, scientists have been vexed by the question, why did modern humans survive while their closest known relatives went extinct? “Shipman admits that scientists have yet to find genetic evidence that would prove her theory. Time will tell if she’s right. For now, read this book for an engagingly comprehensive overview of the rapidly evolving understanding of our own origins.” —Toby Lester, Wall Street Journal “Are humans the ultimate invasive species? So contends anthropologist Pat Shipman—and Neanderthals, she opines, were among our first victims. The relationship between Homo sapiens and Homo neanderthalensis is laid out cleanly, along with genetic and other evidence. Shipman posits provocatively that the deciding factor in the triumph of our ancestors was the domestication of wolves.” —Daniel Cressey, Nature