Negative And Positive Polarity

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Negative and Positive Polarity

Ljiliana Progovac
Negative and Positive Polarity Book PDF

Author : Ljiliana Progovac
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2010-01-26
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 0511554303

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Negative and Positive Polarity by Ljiliana Progovac Pdf

In this book, Ljiljana Progovac presents cross-linguistic data on negative polarity, reflexive binding and the subjunctive mood, and proposes a unified analysis for various languages, including English and Serbian/Croatian. She argues that Negative Polarity Items (NPIs), such as 'anyone' and 'ever', are anaphoric in nature and must be bound in their governing category, while Positive Polarity Items (PPIs), such as 'someone' and 'already', are subject to Principle B of the Binding Theory. She also suggests that possible binders (and SUBJECTS) for polarity items are negation or else a polarity operator in the complementiser of questions, conditionals, and other clauses with an unfixed truth-value. Her analysis not only captures many similarities between polarity and anaphora, but also accounts for a number of hitherto unexplained facts about polarity items.

Negative and Positive Polarity

Ljiliana Progovac
Negative and Positive Polarity Book PDF

Author : Ljiliana Progovac
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 184 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 1994-02-17
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 0521444802

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Negative and Positive Polarity by Ljiliana Progovac Pdf

In this book, Ljiljana Progovac presents cross-linguistic data on negative polarity, reflexive binding and the subjunctive mood, and proposes a unified analysis for various languages, including English and Serbian/Croatian. She argues that Negative Polarity Items (NPIs), such as 'anyone' and 'ever', are anaphoric in nature and must be bound in their governing category, while Positive Polarity Items (PPIs), such as 'someone' and 'already', are subject to Principle B of the Binding Theory. She also suggests that possible binders (and SUBJECTS) for polarity items are negation or else a polarity operator in the complementiser of questions, conditionals, and other clauses with an unfixed truth-value. Her analysis not only captures many similarities between polarity and anaphora, but also accounts for a number of hitherto unexplained facts about polarity items.

The Emergence of Meaning

Stephen Crain
The Emergence of Meaning Book PDF

Author : Stephen Crain
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 307 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2012-08-30
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780521858090

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The Emergence of Meaning by Stephen Crain Pdf

An investigation into the underlying logic of human languages which looks at how children acquire English and Mandarin.

Unleashing the Positive Power of Differences

Jane A. G. Kise
Unleashing the Positive Power of Differences Book PDF

Author : Jane A. G. Kise
Publisher : Corwin Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2013-11-05
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781452257716

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Unleashing the Positive Power of Differences by Jane A. G. Kise Pdf

All too often, key education initiatives collapse because leaders fail to anticipate and learn from the concerns of those charged with implementation. This illuminating book shows how education leaders can bring opposing groups to common ground, resulting in a solid plan built on diverse wisdom. Acclaimed education coach Jane Kise demonstrates how polarity thinking-a powerful tool for bridging differences developed by Barry Johnson of Polarity Partnerships-provides an alternative to endless debates and either/or thinking. Rather than seeing conflicting forces, the tools help us view them as equally important-even interdependent-concepts, approaches, or models. Readers will find: Ways to recognize polarities, map the positive and negative aspects, and channel energy wasted on disagreement toward a greater common purpose Tools for introducing and working with polarities Polarity mapping to help leaders improve processes for leading change and creating buy-in Ways to use polarity with students as a framework for higher-level thinking

The Grammar of Polarity

Michael Israel
The Grammar of Polarity Book PDF

Author : Michael Israel
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 311 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2011-05-05
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781139500579

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The Grammar of Polarity by Michael Israel Pdf

Many languages include constructions which are sensitive to the expression of polarity: that is, negative polarity items, which cannot occur in affirmative clauses, and positive polarity items, which cannot occur in negatives. The phenomenon of polarity sensitivity has been an important source of evidence for theories about the mental architecture of grammar over the last fifty years, and to many the oddly dysfunctional sensitivities of polarity items have seemed to support a view of grammar as an encapsulated mental module fundamentally unrelated to other aspects of human cognition or communicative behavior. This book draws on insights from cognitive/functional linguistics and formal semantics to argue that, on the contrary, the grammar of sensitivity is grounded in a very general human cognitive ability to form categories and draw inferences based on scalar alternatives, and in the ways this ability is deployed for rhetorical effects in ordinary interpersonal communication.

Negative and Positive Polarity

Ljiliana Progovac
Negative and Positive Polarity Book PDF

Author : Ljiliana Progovac
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 184 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2005-11-17
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 0521023793

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Negative and Positive Polarity by Ljiliana Progovac Pdf

In this book, Ljiljana Progovac presents cross-linguistic data on negative polarity, reflexive binding and the subjunctive mood, and proposes a unified analysis for various languages, including English and Serbian/Croatian. She argues that Negative Polarity Items (NPIs), such as 'anyone' and 'ever', are anaphoric in nature and must be bound in their governing category, while Positive Polarity Items (PPIs), such as 'someone' and 'already', are subject to Principle B of the Binding Theory. She also suggests that possible binders (and SUBJECTS) for polarity items are negation or else a polarity operator in the complementiser of questions, conditionals, and other clauses with an unfixed truth-value. Her analysis not only captures many similarities between polarity and anaphora, but also accounts for a number of hitherto unexplained facts about polarity items.

Polarity Sensitivity as (non) Veridical Dependency

Anastasia Giannakidou
Polarity Sensitivity as non Veridical Dependency Book PDF

Author : Anastasia Giannakidou
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 298 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 1998-01-01
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027227447

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Polarity Sensitivity as (non) Veridical Dependency by Anastasia Giannakidou Pdf

Polarity phenomena have been known to linguists since Klima's seminal work on English negation. In this monograph Giannakidou presents a novel theory of polarity which avoids the empirical and conceptual problems of previous approaches by introducing a notion wider than negation and downward entailment: (non)veridicality. The leading idea is that the various polarity phenomena observed in language are manifestations of the dependency of certain expessions, i.e. polarity items, to the (non)veridicality of the context of appearence. Dependencies to negation or downward entailment emerge as subcases of nonveridicality.The (non)veridical dependency may be positive (licensing), or negative (anti-licensing), and arises from the sensitivity semantics of polarity items. The book is also concerned with the syntactic mapping of the sensitivity dependency. It is argued that licensing does not necessarily correspond to a requirement that the licensee be in the scope of the licenser. In some cases, for instance for the interpretation of negative concord, the reverse is required: that the licensee takes the licenser in its scope. The theory is applied to an extended set of old and new data concerning affective, free-choice dependencies, and mood choice in relative clauses. The primary focus is on Greek, but data from Dutch, English, and to a lesser extend Romance and Slavic, are also considered.

How to Read an EEG

Neville M. Jadeja
How to Read an EEG Book PDF

Author : Neville M. Jadeja
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2021-07-15
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781108825641

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How to Read an EEG by Neville M. Jadeja Pdf

Demystifying the interpretation of EEGs in a clear, concise, and stepwise pocket guide with examples for many common clinical scenarios.

The Grammatical Realization of Polarity Contrast

Christine Dimroth,Stefan Sudhoff
The Grammatical Realization of Polarity Contrast Book PDF

Author : Christine Dimroth,Stefan Sudhoff
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing Company
Page : 299 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2018-11-15
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027263384

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The Grammatical Realization of Polarity Contrast by Christine Dimroth,Stefan Sudhoff Pdf

The polarity of a sentence is crucial for its meaning. It is thus hardly surprising that languages have developed devices to highlight this meaning component and to contrast statements with negative and positive polarity in discourse. Research on this issue has started from languages like German and Dutch, where prosody and assertive particles are systematically associated with polarity contrast. Recently, the grammatical realization of polarity contrast has been at the center of investigations in a range of other languages as well. Core questions concern the formal repertoire and the exact meaning contribution of the relevant devices, the kind of contrast they evoke, and their relation to information structure and sentence mood. This volume brings together researchers from a theoretical, an empirical, and a typological orientation and enhances our understanding of polarity with the help of in-depth analyses and cross-linguistic comparisons dealing with the syntactic, semantic, pragmatic and/or prosodic aspects of the phenomenon.

Polarity Sensitivity as (Non)Veridical Dependency

Anastasia Giannakidou
Polarity Sensitivity as Non Veridical Dependency Book PDF

Author : Anastasia Giannakidou
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 299 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 1998-10-15
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027282286

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Polarity Sensitivity as (Non)Veridical Dependency by Anastasia Giannakidou Pdf

Polarity phenomena have been known to linguists since Klima’s seminal work on English negation. In this monograph Giannakidou presents a novel theory of polarity which avoids the empirical and conceptual problems of previous approaches by introducing a notion wider than negation and downward entailment: (non)veridicality. The leading idea is that the various polarity phenomena observed in language are manifestations of the dependency of certain expessions, i.e. polarity items, to the (non)veridicality of the context of appearence. Dependencies to negation or downward entailment emerge as subcases of nonveridicality.The (non)veridical dependency may be positive (licensing), or negative (anti-licensing), and arises from the sensitivity semantics of polarity items. The book is also concerned with the syntactic mapping of the sensitivity dependency. It is argued that licensing does not necessarily correspond to a requirement that the licensee be in the scope of the licenser. In some cases, for instance for the interpretation of negative concord, the reverse is required: that the licensee takes the licenser in its scope. The theory is applied to an extended set of old and new data concerning affective, free-choice dependencies, and mood choice in relative clauses. The primary focus is on Greek, but data from Dutch, English, and to a lesser extend Romance and Slavic, are also considered.

Impulse Breakdown of Liquids

Vasily Y. Ushakov,V. F. Klimkin,S. M. Korobeynikov
Impulse Breakdown of Liquids Book PDF

Author : Vasily Y. Ushakov,V. F. Klimkin,S. M. Korobeynikov
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 398 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2007-09-21
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783540727606

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Impulse Breakdown of Liquids by Vasily Y. Ushakov,V. F. Klimkin,S. M. Korobeynikov Pdf

The book describes the main physical processes and phenomena in pulsed electric breakdown. The knowledge and the control of the electric breakdown of liquids is important not only for the insulation inside power systems but it is also used for the creation and information of high voltage and high current pulses. Such high-voltage micro- and nanosecond pulses find wide application in experimental physics, electro discharge technology, physics of dielectrics, radar detection and ranging, high-speed photography.

Negation and Polarity: Experimental Perspectives

Pierre Larrivée,Chungmin Lee
Negation and Polarity Experimental Perspectives Book PDF

Author : Pierre Larrivée,Chungmin Lee
Publisher : Springer
Page : 359 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2015-07-28
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783319174648

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Negation and Polarity: Experimental Perspectives by Pierre Larrivée,Chungmin Lee Pdf

This volume offers insights on experimental and empirical research in theoretical linguistic issues of negation and polarity, focusing on how negation is marked and how negative polarity is emphatic and how it interacts with double negation. Metalinguistic negation and neg-raising are also explored in the volume. Leading specialists in the field present novel ideas by employing various experimental methods in felicity judgments, eye tracking, self-paced readings, prosody and ERP. Particular attention is given to extensive crosslinguistc data from French, Catalan and Korean along with analyses using semantic and pragmatic methods, corpus linguistics, diachronic perspectives and longitudinal acquisitional studies as well as signed and gestural negation. Each contribution is situated with regards to major previous studies, thereby offering readers insights on the current state of the art in research on negation and negative polarity, highlighting how theory and data together contributes to the understanding of cognition and mind.

On Invisible Language in Modern English

Evelyn Gandón-Chapela
On Invisible Language in Modern English Book PDF

Author : Evelyn Gandón-Chapela
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2020-01-09
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781350064522

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On Invisible Language in Modern English by Evelyn Gandón-Chapela Pdf

Winner: AEDEAN Leocadio Martín Mingorance Book Award for Theoretical and Applied English Linguistics 2020 This book investigates the syntactic phenomenon of ellipsis and the linguistic forces that trigger it. It presents the results of a corpus-based study which takes into account grammatical, semantic/discursive, usage-related and processing variables. Evelyn Gandón-Chapela builds upon the few empirical works on ellipsis in Present-day English to offer the first comparative analysis of ellipsis and its development throughout the recent history of the English language. Moreover, the book also provides a complex query algorithm which automatically detects and retrieves cases of ellipsis, leading to successful recall ratios, applicable to a wide range of parsed corpora.

Language, Form, and Logic

Peter Ludlow,Sašo Živanović
Language Form and Logic Book PDF

Author : Peter Ludlow,Sašo Živanović
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2022-02-24
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780192677631

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Language, Form, and Logic by Peter Ludlow,Sašo Živanović Pdf

This book takes an idea first explored by medieval logicians 800 years ago and revisits it armed with the tools of contemporary linguistics, logic, and computer science. The idea - the Holy Grail of the medieval logicians - was the thought that all of logic could be reduced to two very simple rules that are sensitive to logical polarity (for example, the presence and absence of negations). Ludlow and Živanović pursue this idea and show how it has profound consequences for our understanding of the nature of human inferential capacities. They also show its consequences for some of the deepest issues in contemporary linguistics, including the nature of quantification, puzzles about discourse anaphora and pragmatics, and even insights into the source of aboutness in natural language. The key to their enterprise is a formal relation they call "p-scope" - a polarity-sensitive relation that controls the operations that can be carried out in their Dynamic Deductive System. They show that with p-scope in play, deductions can be carried out using sublogical operations like those they call COPY and PRUNE - operations that are simple syntactic operations on sentences. They prove that the resulting deductive system is complete and sound. The result is a beautiful formal tapestry in which p-scope unlocks important properties of natural language, including the property of "restrictedness," which they prove to be equivalent to the semantic notion of conservativity. More than that, they show that restrictedness is also a key to understanding quantification and discourse anaphora, and many other linguistic phenomena.

Compendium of Meteorology

Thomas Malone
Compendium of Meteorology Book PDF

Author : Thomas Malone
Publisher : Springer
Page : 1304 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2016-07-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781940033709

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Compendium of Meteorology by Thomas Malone Pdf

The objects of the American Meteorological Society are "the development and dissemination of knowledge of meteorology in all its phases and applications, and the advancement of its professional ideals." The organization of the Society took place in affiliation with the American Association for the Advancement of Science at Saint Louis, Missouri, December 29, 1919, and its incorporation, at Washington, D. C., January 21, 1920. The work of the Society is carried on by the Bulletin, the Journal, and Meteorological Monographs, by papers and discussions at meetings of the Society, through the offices of the Secretary and the Executive Secretary, and by correspondence. All of the Americas are represented in the membership of the Society as well as many foreign countries.