Neuroanatomy Of Language Regions Of The Human Brain

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Neuroanatomy of Language Regions of the Human Brain

Michael Petrides

Author : Michael Petrides
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 160 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2013-12-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780124059313

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Neuroanatomy of Language Regions of the Human Brain by Michael Petrides Pdf

Many studies of the neural bases of language processes are now conducted with functional and structural neuroimaging. Research is often compromised because of difficulties in identifying the core structures in the face of the complex morphology of these regions of the brain. Although there are many books on the cognitive aspects of language and also on neurolinguistics and aphasiology, Neuroanatomy of Language Regions of the Human Brain is the first anatomical atlas that focuses on the core regions of the cerebral cortex involved in language processing. This atlas is a richly illustrated guide for scientists interested in the gross morphology of the sulci and gyri of the core language regions, in the cytoarchitecture of the relevant cortical areas, and in the connectivity of these areas. Data from diffusion MRI and resting-state connectivity are integrated iwth critical experimental anatomical data about homologous areas in the macaque monkey to provide the latest information on the connectivity of the language-relevant cortical areas of the brain. Although the anatomical connectivity data from studies on the macaque monkey provide the most detailed information, they are often neglected because of difficulties in interpreting the terminology used and in making the monkey-to-human comparison. This atlas helps investigators interpret this important source of information. Neuroanatomy of Language Regions of the Human Brain will assist investigators of the neural bases of language in increasing the anatomical sophistication of their research adn in evaluating studies of language and the brain. Abundantly illustrated with photographs, 3-D MRI reconstructions, and sections to represent the morphology of the sulci and gyri in the frontal, temporal, and parietal regions involved in language processing Photomicrographs showing the cytoarchitecture of cortical areas involved in language processing Series of coronal, sagittal, and horizontal sections identifying the sulci and gyri to assist language investigators using structural and functional neuroimaging techniques All images accompanied by brief commentaries to help users navigate the complexities of the anatomy Integration of data from diffusion MRI and resting-state connectivity with critical experimental anatomical data on the connectivity of homologous areas in the macaque monkey

How the Brain Got Language – Towards a New Road Map

Michael A. Arbib

Author : Michael A. Arbib
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing Company
Page : 403 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2020-08-15
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9789027260673

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How the Brain Got Language – Towards a New Road Map by Michael A. Arbib Pdf

How did humans evolve biologically so that our brains and social interactions could support language processes, and how did cultural evolution lead to the invention of languages (signed as well as spoken)? This book addresses these questions through comparative (neuro)primatology – comparative study of brain, behavior and communication in monkeys, apes and humans – and an EvoDevoSocio framework for approaching biological and cultural evolution within a shared perspective. Each chapter provides an authoritative yet accessible review from a different discipline: linguistics (evolutionary, computational and neuro), archeology and neuroarcheology, macaque neurophysiology, comparative neuroanatomy, primate behavior, and developmental studies. These diverse perspectives are unified by having each chapter close with a section on its implications for creating a new road map for multidisciplinary research. These implications include assessment of the pluses and minuses of the Mirror System Hypothesis as an “old” road map. The cumulative road map is then presented in the concluding chapter. Originally published as a special issue of Interaction Studies 19:1/2 (2018).

Discovering the Brain

National Academy of Sciences,Institute of Medicine,Sandra Ackerman

Author : National Academy of Sciences,Institute of Medicine,Sandra Ackerman
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 195 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 1992-01-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309045292

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Discovering the Brain by National Academy of Sciences,Institute of Medicine,Sandra Ackerman Pdf

The brain ... There is no other part of the human anatomy that is so intriguing. How does it develop and function and why does it sometimes, tragically, degenerate? The answers are complex. In Discovering the Brain, science writer Sandra Ackerman cuts through the complexity to bring this vital topic to the public. The 1990s were declared the "Decade of the Brain" by former President Bush, and the neuroscience community responded with a host of new investigations and conferences. Discovering the Brain is based on the Institute of Medicine conference, Decade of the Brain: Frontiers in Neuroscience and Brain Research. Discovering the Brain is a "field guide" to the brainâ€"an easy-to-read discussion of the brain's physical structure and where functions such as language and music appreciation lie. Ackerman examines: How electrical and chemical signals are conveyed in the brain. The mechanisms by which we see, hear, think, and pay attentionâ€"and how a "gut feeling" actually originates in the brain. Learning and memory retention, including parallels to computer memory and what they might tell us about our own mental capacity. Development of the brain throughout the life span, with a look at the aging brain. Ackerman provides an enlightening chapter on the connection between the brain's physical condition and various mental disorders and notes what progress can realistically be made toward the prevention and treatment of stroke and other ailments. Finally, she explores the potential for major advances during the "Decade of the Brain," with a look at medical imaging techniquesâ€"what various technologies can and cannot tell usâ€"and how the public and private sectors can contribute to continued advances in neuroscience. This highly readable volume will provide the public and policymakersâ€"and many scientists as wellâ€"with a helpful guide to understanding the many discoveries that are sure to be announced throughout the "Decade of the Brain."

A Brain for Speech

Francisco Aboitiz

Author : Francisco Aboitiz
Publisher : Springer
Page : 505 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2017-07-12
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781137540607

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A Brain for Speech by Francisco Aboitiz Pdf

This book discusses evolution of the human brain, the origin of speech and language. It covers past and present perspectives on the contentious issue of the acquisition of the language capacity. Divided into two parts, this insightful work covers several characteristics of the human brain including the language-specific network, the size of the human brain, its lateralization of functions and interhemispheric integration, in particular the phonological loop. Aboitiz argues that it is the phonological loop that allowed us to increase our vocal memory capacity and to generate a shared semantic space that gave rise to modern language. The second part examines the neuroanatomy of the monkey brain, vocal learning birds like parrots, emergent evidence of vocal learning capacities in mammals, mirror neurons, and the ecological and social context in which speech evolved in our early ancestors. This book's interdisciplinary topic will appeal to scholars of psychology, neuroscience, linguistics, biology and history.

Language in Our Brain

Angela D. Friederici

Author : Angela D. Friederici
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 300 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2017-11-16
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780262036924

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Language in Our Brain by Angela D. Friederici Pdf

A comprehensive account of the neurobiological basis of language, arguing that species-specific brain differences may be at the root of the human capacity for language. Language makes us human. It is an intrinsic part of us, although we seldom think about it. Language is also an extremely complex entity with subcomponents responsible for its phonological, syntactic, and semantic aspects. In this landmark work, Angela Friederici offers a comprehensive account of these subcomponents and how they are integrated. Tracing the neurobiological basis of language across brain regions in humans and other primate species, she argues that species-specific brain differences may be at the root of the human capacity for language. Friederici shows which brain regions support the different language processes and, more important, how these brain regions are connected structurally and functionally to make language processes that take place in milliseconds possible. She finds that one particular brain structure (a white matter dorsal tract), connecting syntax-relevant brain regions, is present only in the mature human brain and only weakly present in other primate brains. Is this the “missing link” that explains humans' capacity for language? Friederici describes the basic language functions and their brain basis; the language networks connecting different language-related brain regions; the brain basis of language acquisition during early childhood and when learning a second language, proposing a neurocognitive model of the ontogeny of language; and the evolution of language and underlying neural constraints. She finds that it is the information exchange between the relevant brain regions, supported by the white matter tract, that is the crucial factor in both language development and evolution.

Atlas of Human Brain Connections

Marco Catani,Michel Thiebaut de Schotten

Author : Marco Catani,Michel Thiebaut de Schotten
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 533 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2012-06-14
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780199541164

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Atlas of Human Brain Connections by Marco Catani,Michel Thiebaut de Schotten Pdf

One of the major challenges of modern neuroscience is to define the complex pattern of neural connections that underlie cognition and behaviour. This atlas capitalises on novel diffusion MRI tractography methods to provide a comprehensive overview of connections derived from virtual in vivo tractography dissections of the human brain.

Language and Cognition

Kuniyoshi L. Sakai,Leonid Perlovsky

Author : Kuniyoshi L. Sakai,Leonid Perlovsky
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 127 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2015-07-07
Category : Electronic book
ISBN : 9782889196272

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Language and Cognition by Kuniyoshi L. Sakai,Leonid Perlovsky Pdf

Interaction between language and cognition remains an unsolved scientific problem. What are the differences in neural mechanisms of language and cognition? Why do children acquire language by the age of six, while taking a lifetime to acquire cognition? What is the role of language and cognition in thinking? Is abstract cognition possible without language? Is language just a communication device, or is it fundamental in developing thoughts? Why are there no animals with human thinking but without human language? Combinations even among 100 words and 100 objects (multiple words can represent multiple objects) exceed the number of all the particles in the Universe, and it seems that no amount of experience would suffice to learn these associations. How does human brain overcome this difficulty? Since the 19th century we know about involvement of Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas in language. What new knowledge of language and cognition areas has been found with fMRI and other brain imaging methods? Every year we know more about their anatomical and functional/effective connectivity. What can be inferred about mechanisms of their interaction, and about their functions in language and cognition? Why does the human brain show hemispheric (i.e., left or right) dominance for some specific linguistic and cognitive processes? Is understanding of language and cognition processed in the same brain area, or are there differences in language-semantic and cognitive-semantic brain areas? Is the syntactic process related to the structure of our conceptual world? Chomsky has suggested that language is separable from cognition. On the opposite, cognitive and construction linguistics emphasized a single mechanism of both. Neither has led to a computational theory so far. Evolutionary linguistics has emphasized evolution leading to a mechanism of language acquisition, yet proposed approaches also lead to incomputable complexity. There are some more related issues in linguistics and language education as well. Which brain regions govern phonology, lexicon, semantics, and syntax systems, as well as their acquisitions? What are the differences in acquisition of the first and second languages? Which mechanisms of cognition are involved in reading and writing? Are different writing systems affect relations between language and cognition? Are there differences in language-cognition interactions among different language groups (such as Indo-European, Chinese, Japanese, Semitic) and types (different degrees of analytic-isolating, synthetic-inflected, fused, agglutinative features)? What can be learned from sign languages? Rizzolatti and Arbib have proposed that language evolved on top of earlier mirror-neuron mechanism. Can this proposal answer the unknown questions about language and cognition? Can it explain mechanisms of language-cognition interaction? How does it relate to known brain areas and their interactions identified in brain imaging? Emotional and conceptual contents of voice sounds in animals are fused. Evolution of human language has demanded splitting of emotional and conceptual contents and mechanisms, although language prosody still carries emotional content. Is it a dying-off remnant, or is it fundamental for interaction between language and cognition? If language and cognitive mechanisms differ, unifying these two contents requires motivation, hence emotions. What are these emotions? Can they be measured? Tonal languages use pitch contours for semantic contents, are there differences in language-cognition interaction among tonal and atonal languages? Are emotional differences among cultures exclusively cultural, or also depend on languages? Interaction of language and cognition is thus full of mysteries, and we encourage papers addressing any aspect of this topic.

Language in the Brain

Fred C.C. Peng

Author : Fred C.C. Peng
Publisher : A&C Black
Page : 345 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2008-08-01
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780826438843

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Language in the Brain by Fred C.C. Peng Pdf

Assesses current assumptions about how language is acquired, remembered and retained as impulses in the brain, from the perspective of neurolinguistics.

Atlas of the Morphology of the Human Cerebral Cortex on the Average MNI Brain

Michael Petrides

Author : Michael Petrides
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 204 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2018-12-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128011591

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Atlas of the Morphology of the Human Cerebral Cortex on the Average MNI Brain by Michael Petrides Pdf

Atlas of the Morphology of the Human Cerebral Cortex on the Average MNI Brain provides a comprehensive identification of the sulci and gyri of the human brain on a series of coronal sections of the average MNI brain and identifies the likely location of the cytoarchitectonic areas of the cerebral cortex. Presentation in MNI Stereotaxic Space enables the atlas to serve as a useful working tool for structural/functional neuroimagers attempting to identify the sulcus or gyrus and the likely cytoarchitectonic area within which a functional activation or a structural change has occurred. A brief introductory section discusses the history and current state of studies of the sulcal and gyral morphology and cytoarchitecture of the human cerebral cortex. Identifies all sulci and gyri of both hemispheres of the average MNI brain (rather than those of a single brain with its individual peculiarities) so that the average surface morphology of the human cerebral cortex is clearly revealed Presents the likely location of architectonic areas on the average MNI brain so that researchers can report their findings in a manner that is readily translatable from laboratory to laboratory Offers succinct commentary on the relation of sulci and gyri to architectonic areas, which will be useful to those looking to identify the cortical area within which functional or structural changes occurred Offers succinct commentaries on the diversity of names often used to refer to the exact same area that will be useful to those struggling to navigate the often confusing cerebral cortex nomenclature

Concise Encyclopedia of Brain and Language

Harry A. Whitaker

Author : Harry A. Whitaker
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 632 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2010-04-08
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 0080964990

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Concise Encyclopedia of Brain and Language by Harry A. Whitaker Pdf

This volume descibes, in up-to-date terminology and authoritative interpretation, the field of neurolinguistics, the science concerned with the neural mechanisms underlying the comprehension, production and abstract knowledge of spoken, signed or written language. An edited anthology of 165 articles from the award-winning Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics 2nd edition, Encyclopedia of Neuroscience 4th Edition and Encyclopedia of the Neorological Sciences and Neurological Disorders, it provides the most comprehensive one-volume reference solution for scientists working with language and the brain ever published. Authoritative review of this dynamic field placed in an interdisciplinary context Approximately 165 articles by leaders in the field Compact and affordable single-volume format

How the Brain Works

Mark Wm. Dubin

Author : Mark Wm. Dubin
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 136 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2013-10-14
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781118854846

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How the Brain Works by Mark Wm. Dubin Pdf

Not just another standard introduction to neuroanatomy, How theBrain Works is an innovative and fun way to learn about thefunction and dysfunction of the central nervous system, asexplained in nine easy-to-understand "lectures." This exciting new addition to the "How it Works" series does awaywith the use of exhaustive details and tedious definitions toprovide an understandable and scientifically sound overview of thehuman brain. This book is neither an outline nor a summary, but aninformal approach to the relationship between physiology andmanifest behavior, including all essential elements covered in mostcourses. Students will find this book to be the perfect introduction totheir neuroscience courses, as well as a quick review for exam.Professionals will enjoy the way in which this complex topic isaddressed in a simple and straightforward manner, and the generalreader will satisfy a basic curiosity about the brain and its rolewithin the central nervous system.

Neurobiology of Language

Gregory Hickok,Steve Small

Author : Gregory Hickok,Steve Small
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 1188 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2015-08-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0124077943

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Neurobiology of Language by Gregory Hickok,Steve Small Pdf

Neurobiology of Language explores the study of language, a field that has seen tremendous progress in the last two decades. Key to this progress is the accelerating trend toward integration of neurobiological approaches with the more established understanding of language within cognitive psychology, computer science, and linguistics. This volume serves as the definitive reference on the neurobiology of language, bringing these various advances together into a single volume of 100 concise entries. The organization includes sections on the field's major subfields, with each section covering both empirical data and theoretical perspectives. "Foundational" neurobiological coverage is also provided, including neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, genetics, linguistic, and psycholinguistic data, and models. Foundational reference for the current state of the field of the neurobiology of language Enables brain and language researchers and students to remain up-to-date in this fast-moving field that crosses many disciplinary and subdisciplinary boundaries Provides an accessible entry point for other scientists interested in the area, but not actively working in it - e.g., speech therapists, neurologists, and cognitive psychologists Chapters authored by world leaders in the field - the broadest, most expert coverage available

Atlas of Human Brain Connections

Marco Catani,Michel Thiebaut de Schotten

Author : Marco Catani,Michel Thiebaut de Schotten
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2012-06-14
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780191089992

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Atlas of Human Brain Connections by Marco Catani,Michel Thiebaut de Schotten Pdf

One of the major challenges of modern neuroscience is to define the complex pattern of neural connections that underlie cognition and behaviour. Brain connections have been investigated extensively in many animal species, including monkeys. Until recently, however, we have been unable to verify their existence in humans or identify possible tracts that are unique to the human brain. The Atlas of Human Brain Connections capitalises on novel diffusion MRI tractography methods to provide a comprehensive overview of connections derived from virtual in vivo tractography dissections of the human brain. The book introduces the reader to the fundaments of human brain organization as derived from the study of the surface, sectional and connectional anatomy. It starts with an historical overview of the giant steps taken in neuroanatomy, from its birth more than 2000 years ago, to contemporary neuroimaging insights. Next, detailed descriptions of the major white matter connections, their function, and associated clinical syndromes are dealt with in detail. The composite maps of the Atlas are an excellent anatomical resource for teaching, clinical, and research purposes. By reviewing the basic principles of neuroanatomy, its historical roots, and its modern achievements in the field of DTI tractography, the book fills the gap between the detailed connectional anatomy of the monkey brain and the 19th century descriptions of white matter tracts from post-mortem human dissections. Covering a wide range of topics in the field of clinical neuroanatomy, this book constitutes both an excellent introduction to the brain, and a valuable reference work for experienced clinicians and researchers working in the field of neurology, psychiatry, neurosurgery, and neuroradiology.

The Neurobiology of Cognition and Behavior

John Hart, Jr.

Author : John Hart, Jr.
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780190219031

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The Neurobiology of Cognition and Behavior by John Hart, Jr. Pdf

"Neurobiology of Cognition and Behavior" is one of the initial textbooks of brain mapping in the field of cognitive neuroscience. This well-researched text by a leading expert in the field provides a foundational map of the human brain for cognition and behavior. This comprehensive map of essential human thinking and emotion is based on the explosion in the field of functional neuroimaging studies (fMRI, PET) in the normally functioning human brain. The approach of this text is to confirm the association of these brain regions by verifying that damage to the activated brain area results in a consistent deficit in the cognitive/behavioral operation under investigation. The approach used to form this view of mapping brain and cognition is based on cognitive neuroscience principles of defining dissociable, fine-grained cognitive units and associating these units with brain regions encoding for these units or aspects of the units from both functional imaging and lesion studies. These cognitive-brain relationships are incorporated into clinical syndromes to account for the behavior of these patients after a lesion occurs, with the added feature of presenting patient videos demonstrating the disrupted cognitive behaviors. This comprehensive textbook provides a framework of the basic architecture of cognition in the brain with this combination of activation and lesion study confirmation of the brain-behavior associations. This basic framework is useful for those students studying the interaction of cognitive science and neuroanatomy as well as being relevant to the experienced neuroscientist researcher or clinician.

Human Language

Peter Hagoort

Author : Peter Hagoort
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 753 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2019-10-29
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780262042635

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Human Language by Peter Hagoort Pdf

A unique overview of the human language faculty at all levels of organization. Language is not only one of the most complex cognitive functions that we command, it is also the aspect of the mind that makes us uniquely human. Research suggests that the human brain exhibits a language readiness not found in the brains of other species. This volume brings together contributions from a range of fields to examine humans' language capacity from multiple perspectives, analyzing it at genetic, neurobiological, psychological, and linguistic levels. In recent decades, advances in computational modeling, neuroimaging, and genetic sequencing have made possible new approaches to the study of language, and the contributors draw on these developments. The book examines cognitive architectures, investigating the functional organization of the major language skills; learning and development trajectories, summarizing the current understanding of the steps and neurocognitive mechanisms in language processing; evolutionary and other preconditions for communication by means of natural language; computational tools for modeling language; cognitive neuroscientific methods that allow observations of the human brain in action, including fMRI, EEG/MEG, and others; the neural infrastructure of language capacity; the genome's role in building and maintaining the language-ready brain; and insights from studying such language-relevant behaviors in nonhuman animals as birdsong and primate vocalization. Section editors Christian F. Beckmann, Carel ten Cate, Simon E. Fisher, Peter Hagoort, Evan Kidd, Stephen C. Levinson, James M. McQueen, Antje S. Meyer, David Poeppel, Caroline F. Rowland, Constance Scharff, Ivan Toni, Willem Zuidema

Neuroanatomy Of Language Regions Of The Human Brain

Neuroanatomy of Language Regions of the Human Brain by Michael Petrides Pdf

How the Brain Got Language – Towards a New Road Map by Michael A. Arbib Pdf

Discovering the Brain by National Academy of Sciences,Institute of Medicine,Sandra Ackerman Pdf

A Brain for Speech by Francisco Aboitiz Pdf

Language in Our Brain by Angela D. Friederici Pdf

Atlas of Human Brain Connections by Marco Catani,Michel Thiebaut de Schotten Pdf

Language and Cognition by Kuniyoshi L. Sakai,Leonid Perlovsky Pdf

Language in the Brain by Fred C.C. Peng Pdf

Atlas of the Morphology of the Human Cerebral Cortex on the Average MNI Brain by Michael Petrides Pdf

Concise Encyclopedia of Brain and Language by Harry A. Whitaker Pdf

How the Brain Works by Mark Wm. Dubin Pdf

Neurobiology of Language by Gregory Hickok,Steve Small Pdf

Atlas of Human Brain Connections by Marco Catani,Michel Thiebaut de Schotten Pdf

The Neurobiology of Cognition and Behavior by John Hart, Jr. Pdf

Human Language by Peter Hagoort Pdf

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