Non Conventional Yeasts In Genetics Biochemistry And Biotechnology
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Non-Conventional Yeasts in Genetics, Biochemistry and Biotechnology by Klaus Wolf,Karin D. Breunig,Gerold Barth Pdf
Most information on yeasts derives from experiments with the conventional yeasts Saccaromyces cerevisiae and Schizossaccharomyces pombe, the complete nuclear and mitochondrial genome of which has also been sequenced. For all other non-conventional yeasts, investigations are in progress and the rapid development of molecular techniques has allowed an insight also into a variety of non-conventional yeasts. In this bench manual, over 70 practical protocols using 15 different non-conventional yeast species and in addition several protocols of general use are described in detail. All of these experiments on the genetics, biochemistry and biotechnology of yeasts have been contributed by renowned laboratories and have been reproduced many times. The reliable protocols are thus ideally suited also for undergraduate and graduate practical courses.
Non-conventional Yeasts: from Basic Research to Application by Andriy Sibirny Pdf
This volume scopes several aspects of non-conventional yeast research prepared by the leading specialists in the field. An introduction on taxonomy and systematics enhances the reader’s knowledge on yeasts beyond established ones such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnological approaches that involve fungal utilization of unusual substrates, production of biofuels and useful chemicals as citric acid, glutathione or erythritol are discussed. Further, strategies for metabolic engineering based on knowledge on regulation of gene expression as well as sensing and signaling pathways are presented. The book targets researchers and advanced students working in Microbiology, Microbial Biotechnology and Biochemistry.
Yeast-based biotechnology traditionally regards the empirical production of fermented drinks and leavened bread, processes which surprisingly keep posing challenges and fuelling research. But yeasts nowadays also provide amenable cell factories, producing bulk and fine chemicals and molecules, and are increasingly used as tools in processes as diverse as food preservation or bioremediation. Importantly, yeasts are excellent models of cell and molecular biology for higher eukaryotes, including humans, contributing with key discoveries to understand processes and diseases. All taken, yeast-related business is worth billions, critically contributing to the economical welfare of many differently developed countries. This book provides some insights into aspects of yeast science and biotechnology less frequently addressed in the literature but nonetheless decisive to improve knowledge and, accordingly, boost up yeast-based innovation.
Nonconventional Yeasts in Biotechnology by Klaus Wolf Pdf
This is the first book to extensively and exclusively cover nonconventional yeasts - all yeasts other than S. cerevisiae and S. pombe. In addition to useful background information, the author includes detailed protocols allowing the investigation of basic and applied aspects for a wide range of these organisms. Due to the increasing importance of nonconventional yeasts in biotechnological applications, this book should become the standard reference for both pure and applied scientists working in the fields of microbiology and biochemistry.
Yeasts in Biotechnology and Human Health by Isabel Sá-Correia Pdf
This book discusses genome-based strategies to provide a holistic understanding of yeasts in Human Health and as model organisms in basic research or industrial production. Using numerous Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains and various non-conventional yeast species isolated from diverse origins, it describes essential biological processes, the biotechnological exploitation of yeast and pathogenesis control. It also demonstrates how functional and comparative genomics and the development of genome engineering tools are used in modern yeast research. The use of yeasts as experimental eukaryotic models increasingly gained prominence when several Nobel Prizes in Physiology/Medicine and Chemistry were awarded for innovative research, using yeast strains to elucidate molecular mechanisms in a wide range of human physiological processes and diseases, such as autophagy, cell cycle regulation and telomerase activity. This book offers useful insights for scientists in yeast research, clinical scientists working with yeast infectious models and for industrial researchers using applied microbiology.
Functional Genetics of Industrial Yeasts by Johannes H. de Winde Pdf
In recent years, new yeast species have proven their value and novel biotechnological applications have emerged. This book compiles the multi-faceted genetic repertoire of several yeasts relevant to modern biotechnology, and describes their utilization in research and application in the light of their genetic make-up and physiological characteristics. Moreover, the book presents a thorough overview of a wide array of methodologies from classical genetics to modern genomics technologies that have been and are being used in functional analysis of yeasts.
Yeast Biotechnology: Diversity and Applications by T. Satyanarayana,Gotthard Kunze Pdf
I belie ve that the book would provide an overview of the recent developments in the domain of yeast research with some new ideas, which could serve as an inspiration and challenge for researchers in this field. Ne w Delhi Prof. Asis Datta Dec. 24, 2007 F ormer Vice-chancellor, JNU Director, NCPGR (New Delhi) Pr eface Yeasts are eukaryotic unicellular microfungi that are widely distributed in the natural environments. Although yeasts are not as ubiquitous as bacteria in the na- ral environments, they have been isolated from terrestrial, aquatic and atmospheric environments. Yeast communities have been found in association with plants, a- mals and insects. Several species of yeasts have also been isolated from specialized or extreme environments like those with low water potential (e. g. high sugar/salt concentrations), low temperature (e. g. yeasts isolated from Antarctica), and low oxygen availability (e. g. intestinal tracts of animals). Around 1500 species of yeasts belonging to over 100 genera have been described so far. It is estimated that only 1% of the extant yeasts on earth have been described till date. Therefore, global efforts are underway to recover new yeast species from a variety of normal and extreme environments. Yeasts play an important role in food chains, and carbon, nitrogen and sulphur cycles. Yeasts can be genetically manipulated by hybridization, mutation, rare m- ing, cytoduction, spheroplast fusion, single chromosomal transfer and transfor- tion using recombinant technology. Yeasts (e. g.
Yeast Genetics by John F.T. Spencer,Dorothy M. Spencer,I.J. Bruce Pdf
The manual consists of two main sections. The first includes the essential, sometimes laborious, procedures for handling yeasts, for inducing mating and isolation of hybrids, for inducing sporulation and isolation of single-spore clones, with some details of tetrad analysis, and including techniques and ancillary equipment for use of the micromanipulator. There are also proce dures for induction of mutants by physical and chemical agents, and for iso lation of particular types of mutants, such as to temperature sensitivity, for increased frequency of mutations, for mutations in the mitochondrial genome, both to the petite colonie form and to resistance to antibiotics, for mutations in that part of the yeast genome controlling the glycolytic cycle, and numerous others. Mapping of mutations is discussed briefly, though this aspect of yeast genetics is probably one which should not be undertaken until the investigator has gained a certain amount of experience in the field. How ever, as is pointed out in the pertinent part of the manual, the task of mapping has been tremendouslysimplified by the availability from the Yeast Genetics Stock Center at the University of California at Berkeley of a set of auxo trophic strains designed to permit mapping of most unknown genes with a minimum number of crosses and tetrad analyses. The first section concludes with the description of methods for hybridization of yeasts by protoplast fusion, which has been described as the poor man's system for genetic engineering.
Due to various special physiological features and a genome that greatly differs in structure, gene content and organization from other yeasts, Y. lipolytica is widely used as a model organism. With its characteristics, such as the ability to accumulate oil and the high capacity for secretion of proteases and lipases, the yeast is also of great interest for biotechnological applications. The main topics covered in this Microbiology Monograph are: comparative genomics; mitochondrial genomics and proteomics, including the analysis of the respiratory chain; transposable elements and their activities; non-coding RNA genes, which display a number of unusual and remarkable features compared to other hemiascomycetes; utilization of hydrophobic substrates, of n-alkane and its oxidized derivatives as sources of carbon and energy; ambient pH signalling; comparison of protein families in non-conventional yeasts and S. cerevisiae; and the sulphur metabolism of cheese-ripening yeast. .
Yeast Diversity in Human Welfare by Tulasi Satyanarayana,Gotthard Kunze Pdf
This book brings together and updates the latest information on the diversity of yeasts, their molecular features and their applications in the welfare of mankind. Yeasts are eukaryotic microfungi widely found in natural environments, including those with extreme conditions such as low temperatures, low oxygen levels and low water availability. To date, approximately 2,000 of the estimated 30,000 to 45,000 species of yeast on Earth, belonging to around 200 genera have been described. Although there are a few that are opportunistic human and animal pathogens, the vast majority of yeasts are beneficial, playing an important role in the food chain and in the carbon, nitrogen and sulphur cycles. In addition, yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Hansenula polymorpha and Pichia pastoris are used in expressing foreign genes to produce proteins of pharmaceutical interest. A landmark in biotechnology was reached in 1996 with the completion of sequencing of the entire S. cerevisiae genome, and it has now become a central player in the development of an entirely new approach to biological research and synthetic biology. The sequencing of genomes of several yeasts including Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neofromans has also recently been completed. candida albicans="" and="" p/pp
Functional and Comparative Genomics of Saccharomyces and non-Saccharomyces Yeasts: Potential for Industrial and Food Biotechnology by Isabel Sá-Correia,Ed Louis Pdf
Since 1996, when the first Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome sequence was released, a wealth of genomic data has been made available for numerous S. cerevisiae strains, its close relatives, and non-conventional yeast species isolates of diverse origins. Several annotated genomes of interspecific hybrids, both within the Saccharomyces clade and outside, are now also available. This genomic information, together with functional genomics and genome engineering tools, is providing a holistic assessment of the complex cellular responses to environmental challenges, elucidating the processes underlying evolution, speciation, hybridization, domestication, and uncovering crucial aspects of yeasts´ physiological genomics to guide their biotechnological exploitation. S. cerevisiae has been used for millennia in the production of food and beverages and research over the last century and a half has generated a great deal of knowledge of this species. Despite all this, S. cerevisiae is not the best for all uses and many non-conventional yeast species have highly desirable traits that S. cerevisiae does not have. These include tolerance to different stresses (e.g. acetic acid tolerance in Zygosaccharomyces bailii, osmotolerance in Z. rouxii, and thermotolerance in Kluyveromyces marxianus and Ogataea (Hansenula) polymorpha), the capacity of assimilation of diverse carbon sources (e.g. high native capacity to metabolyze xylose and potential for the valorization of agroforest residues by Scheffersomyces (Pichia) stipites), as well as, high protein secretion, fermentation efficiency and production of desirable flavors, capacity to favor respiration over fermentation, high lipid biosynthesis and accumulation, and efficient production of chemicals other than ethanol amongst many. Several non-Saccharomyces species have already been developed as eukaryotic hosts and cell factories. Others are highly relevant as food spoilers or for desirable flavor producers. Therefore, non-conventional yeasts are now attracting increasing attention with their diversity and complexity being tackled by basic research for biotechnological applications. The interest in the exploitation of non-conventional yeasts is very high and a number of tools, such as cloning vectors, promoters, terminators, and efficient genome editing tools, have been developed to facilitate their genetic engineering. Functional and Comparative Genomics of non-conventional yeasts is elucidating the evolution of genome functions and metabolic and ecological diversity, relating their physiology to genomic features and opening the door to the application of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology to yeasts of biotechnological potential. We are entering the era of the non-conventional yeasts, increasing the exploitation of yeast biodiversity and metabolic capabilities in science and industry. In this collection the industrial properties of S. cerevisiae, in particular uses, are explored along with its closely related species and interspecific hybrids. This is followed by comparisons between S. cerevisiae and non-conventional yeasts in specific applications and then the properties of various non-conventional yeasts and their hybrids.
Author : Michael F. Tuite,Stephen G. Oliver Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media Page : 338 pages File Size : 45,8 Mb Release : 2013-06-29 Category : Science ISBN : 9781489926418
Saccharomyces by Michael F. Tuite,Stephen G. Oliver Pdf
In this volume we aim to present an easy-to-read account of the genus Saccharomyces that we hope will be of value to all students and researchers wishing to exploit this important genus, be it for academic or commer cial purposes. Individual chapters have been commissioned to cover specific aspects of the biology of Saccharomyces species: growth, genetics, and metabolism, with the emphasis on methodology. Basic principles are discussed without an over-detailed, step-by-step breakdown of specific techniques, and lengthy discussions of standard molecular, biological, and biochemical techniques (e. g. , polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, protein purification, DNA sequencing) have been avoided. We hope the volume will provide a quick reference to the current status of a wide range of Saccharomyces-specific methodologies without focusing ex clusively on recent developments in molecular techniques which can be found in the ever increasing numbers of "cloning manuals. " By necessity, much of what is described in this volume concentrates on one particular species of Saccharomyces, namely Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This is not just a reflection of the authors' interests, but indicates the extent to which this simple eukaryote has been studied by biologists from all walks of life, for all sorts of reasons. If this volume can provide a broader knowledge base to the experienced yeast researcher, or ease the path of someone just starting work with Saccharomyces, then we will have achieved our aim.
Yeasts in Biotechnology by Thalita Peixoto Basso Pdf
This book offers a broad understanding of several ways in which yeasts can be applied to the biotechnology industry. The seven chapters are grouped into three sections (apart from the "Introduction" section). The Animal Nutrition section comprises two chapters dealing with the utilization of yeast as a probiotic for animal nutrition. The Food Industry section addresses the utilization of yeast in food products. Finally, the Industrial Bioproducts section deals with the development of new yeast platforms as cell factories for biochemical production.
Yeast Genetics by J.F.T. Spencer,D.M. Spencer,A.R.W. Smith Pdf
During the past few decades we have witnessed an era of remarkable growth in the field of molecular biology. In 1950 very little was known of the chemical constitution of biological systems, the manner in which information was trans mitted from one organism to another, or the extent to which the chemical basis of life is unified. The picture today is dramatically different. We have an almost bewildering variety of information detailing many different aspects of life at the molecular level. There great advances have brought with them some breath-taking insights into the molecular mechanisms used by nature for rep licating, distributing and modifying biological information. We have learned a great deal about the chemical and physical nature of the macromolecular nucleic acids and proteins, and the manner in which carbohydrates, lipids and smaller molecules work together to provide the molecular setting of living sys tems. It might be said that these few decades have replaced a near vacuum of information with a very large surplus. It is in the context of this flood of information that this series of monographs on molecular biology has been organized. The idea is to bring together in one place, between the covers of one book, a concise assessment of the state of the subject in a well-defined field. This will enable the reader to get a sense of historical perspectiv(}-what is known about the field today-and a description of the frontiers of research where our knowledge is increasing steadily.