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Author : Shane J. Maddock
Publisher : Univ of North Carolina Press
Page : 412 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : History
ISBN : 9780807833551
Nuclear Apartheid: The Quest for American Atomic Supremacy from World War II to the Present
Author : Shane J. Maddock
Publisher : Univ of North Carolina Press
Page : 416 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2010-03-15
Category : History
ISBN : 0807895849
After World War II, an atomic hierarchy emerged in the noncommunist world. Washington was at the top, followed over time by its NATO allies and then Israel, with the postcolonial world completely shut out. An Indian diplomat called the system "nuclear apartheid." Drawing on recently declassified sources from U.S. and international archives, Shane Maddock offers the first full-length study of nuclear apartheid, casting a spotlight on an ideological outlook that nurtured atomic inequality and established the United States--in its own mind--as the most legitimate nuclear power. Beginning with the discovery of fission in 1939 and ending with George W. Bush's nuclear policy and his preoccupation with the "axis of evil," Maddock uncovers the deeply ideological underpinnings of U.S. nuclear policy--an ideology based on American exceptionalism, irrational faith in the power of technology, and racial and gender stereotypes. The unintended result of the nuclear exclusion of nations such as North Korea, Pakistan, and Iran is, increasingly, rebellion. Here is an illuminating look at how an American nuclear policy based on misguided ideological beliefs has unintentionally paved the way for an international "wild west" of nuclear development, dramatically undercutting the goal of nuclear containment and diminishing U.S. influence in the world.
Author : Saghir Iqbal
Publisher : Saghir Iqbal
Page : 148 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2018-07-31
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781983910418
The global security challenges since World War II and thereafter (post-Cold war period) has affected many countries. This has resulted in a number of countries pursuing a nuclear weapons programme to provide them with the ultimate security – the belief that the fear of utter annihilation of their opponents would result in deterrence and eventually detente. According to Kristensen and Norris (2014), there are approximately 16,300 nuclear weapons located at some 97 sites in 14 countries. Many of these weapons are in military arsenals (roughly 10,000), with the remaining ones being in the process of retirement and awaiting dismantlement. Accordingly, 93% of the total global inventory resides in Russia and the United States of America. The remaining weapon stockpiles are in the United Kingdom (UK), France, China, India, Pakistan, North Korea and Israel. This book looks at the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD), the double standards and hypocrisy practiced by the five declared nuclear powers. It gives a brief short history of nuclear development in the nuclear countries and the impact of nuclear war. It argues that the only way to eradicate these horrendous weapons is for the five declared nuclear powers to make immediate measures to dismantle the weapons and stockpiles of weaponised materials – as they had agreed under the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT).
Author : Elli Louka
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 449 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2011-01-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780857931092
Dr Elli Louka has written a courageously realistic yet hopeful book on one of the central problems of the twenty-first century. Louka offers an unflinching examination of the uses and potential abuses of the nuclear instrument currently and in projected futures of the interlocking international war system and global economy. . . She looks squarely at the practice and inevitability of pre-emptive action in many of the contexts she projects. This is an important and timely study for anyone practicing or trying to understand international law and politics. From the foreword by W. Michael Reiman, Yale Law School, US It is often argued that the nuclear non-proliferation order divides the world into nuclear-weapon-haves and have-nots, creating a nuclear apartheid. Employing a careful and nuanced discussion of this claim, Elli Louka examines the architecture of the nuclear non-proliferation order, the fairness and effectiveness of international and regional institutions and scenarios for the future of nuclear weapons. A sophisticated study of a complex issue, this book is a must-read for policymakers and those who wish to understand the intricacies and challenges of developing institutions to address the nuclear weapon threat.
Author : Roy E. Horton
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 62 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9781428994843
The primary focus of this paper is the impact of key South African leaders on the successful developments and subsequent rollbacks of South Africa's nuclear weapons capability. It highlights the key milestones in the development of South Africa's nuclear weapon capability. It also relates how different groups within South Africa (scientists, politicians, military and technocrats) interacted to successfully produce South Africa's nuclear deterrent. It emphasizes the pivotal influence of the senior political leadership to pursue nuclear rollback given the disadvantages of its nuclear means to achieve vital national interests. The conclusions drawn from flu's effort are the South African nuclear program was an extreme response to its own identity Crisis. Nuclear weapons became a means to achieving a long term end of a closer affiliation with the West. A South Africa yearning to be identified as a Western nation and receive guarantees of its security rationalized the need for a nuclear deterrent. The deterrent was intended to draw in Western support to counter a feared total onslaught by Communist forces in the region. Two decades later, that same South Africa relinquished its nuclear deterrent and reformed its domestic policies to secure improved economic and political integration with the West.
Author : Robin E. Möser
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 239 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2024-03-28
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781009307055
South Africa remains the only state that developed a nuclear weapons capability, but ultimately decided to dismantle existing weapons and abandon the programme. Disarming Apartheid reconstructs the South African decision-making and diplomatic negotiations over the country's nuclear weapons programme and its international status, drawing on new and extensive archival material and interviews. This deeply researched study brings to light a unique disarmament experience. It traces the country's previously neglected path towards accession to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). Rather than relying primarily on US government archives, the book joins the burgeoning field of national nuclear histories based on unprecedented access to policymakers and documents in the country studied. Robin E. Möser, in addition to providing access to important new documents, offers original interpretations that enrich the study of nuclear politics for historians and political scientists.
Author : Robin E. Möser
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 239 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2024-04-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781009307048
Brings to the fore apartheid South Africa's unique disarmament experience and traces its uncharted the path towards NPT accession.
Author : Sasha Polakow-Suransky
Publisher : Vintage
Page : 338 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2011-06-14
Category : History
ISBN : 9780307388506
Prior to the Six-Day War, Israel was a darling of the international left, vocally opposed to apartheid and devoted to building alliances with black leaders in newly independent African nations. South Africa, for its part, was controlled by a regime of Afrikaner nationalists who had enthusiastically supported Hitler during World War II. But after Israel’s occupation of Palestinian territories in 1967, the country found itself estranged from former allies and threatened anew by old enemies. As both states became international pariahs, a covert—and lucrative—military relationship blossomed between these seemingly unlikely allies. Based on extensive archival research and exclusive interviews with former generals and high-level government officials in both countries, The Unspoken Alliance tells a troubling story of Cold War paranoia, moral compromises, and startling secrets.
Author : David Albright,Andrea Stricker
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2016-09-24
Category : National security
ISBN : 1536845655
In 1989, South Africa made the momentous decision to abandon its nuclear weapons, making it the first and still the only country that has produced nuclear weapons and given them up. Over thirty years, the apartheid regime had created a remarkably sophisticated capability to build nuclear weapons-both the nuclear warhead and advanced military systems to deliver them. The program was born in secret and remained so until its end. The government initially sought to dismantle it in secret. It hoped to avoid any negative international consequences of possessing nuclear weapons. The apartheid government's strategy did not work, because too many intelligence agencies knew about South Africa's nuclear weapons. Faced with intense pressure, South Africa's President F.W. de Klerk reversed course and adopted a policy of transparency in 1993. However, he decided to hide many of its aspects. Nonetheless, most of the remaining secrets emerged over the ensuing 25 years. Revisiting South Africa's Nuclear Weapons Program draws on previously secret information to provide the first comprehensive, technically-oriented look at South Africa's nuclear weapons program; how it grew, evolved, and ended. It also finds lessons for today's nuclear proliferation cases.
Author : United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs
Publisher : United Nations
Page : 48 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 1981-12-31
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789210585170
This report, submitted to the General Assembly for consideration at its thirty-fifth session, was prepared by the Group of Experts on South Africa's Plan and Capability in the Nuclear Field, which was appointed by the Secretary-General to assist in the preparation of a comprehensive report on that matter, in accordance with Assembly resolution 34/76 B of 11 December 1979. The subject matter falls within the context of denuclearization of Africa, which has been the subject of continuous and active concern in the United Nations since 1961.
Author : Chris Ogden
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 139 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2019-06-20
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780192539151
This new dictionary comprises over 280 clear and succinct entries, covering India's core political structures, ideologies, and practices, as well as individuals, groups, and concerns that are essential to them. The entries cover a diverse range of subjects, from caste, the Gujral Doctrine, and the Indian diaspora to the Partition of India and the Shah Bano controversy. It captures the richness of India's politics, as well as its foremost ideas and principles, explaining and interrogating important historical events and social concerns. Complete with useful web links, this new addition to the Oxford Quick Reference series is an indispensable companion for students studying Asian and international politics, as well as for professionals whose interests relate to India's expanding domestic and foreign politics.
Author : Alan Collins
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 557 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2019
Category : Security, International
ISBN : 9780198804109
'Contemporary Security Studies' introduces students to the broad range of issues that dominate the security agenda in the 21st century and provides up-to-date coverage of traditional and non-traditional threats to survival.
Author : Nicholas L. Miller
Publisher : Cornell University Press
Page : 329 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2018-04-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9781501717819
"Examines the history and effectiveness of US efforts to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons"--
Author : Farhad Rezaei
Publisher : Springer
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2017-01-05
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783319441207
This book presents the first full and systematic account of Iran’s nuclear program from 1979 to 2015. Throughout this time, foreign policy makers, intelligence experts, and scholars on the subject have repeatedly failed to understand the internal dynamics behind Iran's nuclear project and have underestimated the depth of the regime’s commitment to develop nuclear weapons. The author presents an account of little-understood episodes in the history of the nuclear project, including an analysis of the decision making process of the “nuclear sanctum.” A full account is given of the organizations that ran the project and a listing of the suppliers that made the project possible. Finally, the book offers a detailed analysis of the international sanctions placed on Iran, including the induced anomie and legitimacy crisis which expedited the decision to rollback.
Author : Peter Hounam,Steve McQuillan
Publisher : Viking Adult
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : History
ISBN : UOM:39015037692251
