Oecd Guidelines For The Testing Of Chemicals Section 3 Test No 317 Bioaccumulation In Terrestrial Oligochaetes
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OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3 Test No. 317: Bioaccumulation in Terrestrial Oligochaetes by OECD Pdf
This Test Guideline describes procedures designed to assess bioaccumulation of chemicals in soil oligochaetes. The parameters which characterise the bioaccumulation of a substance include the bioaccumulation factor (BAF), the uptake rate constant ...
OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3 Test No. 315: Bioaccumulation in Sediment-dwelling Benthic Oligochaetes by OECD Pdf
This Test Guideline describes a method to assess bioaccumulation of sediment-associated chemicals in endobenthic oligochaetes worms. It applies to stable, neutral organic chemicals having log Kow values between 3.0 and 6.0, superlipophilic ...
Persistent, Bioaccumulative, and Toxic (PBT) Chemicals by Adam D. K. Abelkop,John D. Graham,Todd V. Royer Pdf
Developed from the efforts of a multiyear, international project examining how persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT) chemicals are evaluated and managed, Persistent, Bioaccumulative, and Toxic (PBT) Chemicals: Technical Aspects, Policies, and Practices focuses on improving the processes that govern PBTs. Incorporating science and policy literature—as well as interviews and panel discussions featuring experts from around the world—this book provides you with an international perspective of PBT policies (centering on Europe, Asia, and North America), and reveals major findings and recommendations for improving PBT science, laws, and policies. It includes case studies of specific chemicals, provides an introduction to the overall subject of toxic chemicals, and weighs in on science and policy expansion for PBTs. It also provides summary tables of important PBTs, and discussions on the number of PBTs in commerce, weight of evidence approaches, market deselection, and international management. The text: Assesses the history, current practice, and future of PBT management Considers the roles scientific data, modeling, and conventions play in identifying and regulating PBTs Explores the number of PBTs in commerce and the growing role of weight of evidence (WOE) in the making of PBT determinations Identifies issues that are likely to come up in WOE judgments Examines international, national, subnational, and regional PBT policies Includes a comprehensive and easy-to-understand analysis of PBT science and policy This book reviews the current science, policies, and practices surrounding the regulation of PBTs. It also provides relevant research, recommendations, and suggestions for improving the management and oversight of PBTs.
Modelling the Fate of Chemicals in the Environment and the Human Body by Philippe Ciffroy,Alice Tediosi,Ettore Capri Pdf
This volume focuses on modelling the fate of chemicals in the environment and the human body to arrive at an integrated exposure assessment. It covers five broad topics, namely: future challenges in exposure assessment; the evolution of human health and environmental risk assessment; standard documentation for exposure models; modelling different environmental components (i.e. surface waters, atmosphere, soil, groundwater, plants, aquatic organisms and mammals); and the fate of contaminants in humans. This work draws on the authors’ and editors’ extensive experience and a range of different research activities, including case studies, that have led to the development of MERLIN-Expo, a standardised software package for simulating the fate of chemicals in the main environmental systems and in the human body in an integrated manner. It will be of considerable interest to researchers and students, risk managers, and policy- and decision-makers whose work involves environmental protection and human health.
Soil Degradable Bioplastics for a Sustainable Modern Agriculture by Mario Malinconico Pdf
This book shows how the use of biodegradable plastics in agriculture can have a profound positive impact on plasticulture. Starting with an organic chemistry approach to biodegradable and compostable plastics, both natural and synthetic, it then analyzes the technological and agronomic aspects of existing bioplastics for protected cultivation (mulching, direct cover, low tunnels). It describes the new sprayable biodegradable mulching method, which is based on the use of waterborne polysaccharides and cellulosic fibers. A further chapter describes the research and technology of biodegradable plastics for different agricultural practices. It also includes chapters on life cycle assessment (LCA) of biodegradable plastics for agriculture, and existing and developing standards in the field. It is a valuable resource for agronomists, chemical and materials engineers, polymer technologists and scientists, as well as for a more general readership interested in the application of green chemistry principles to the vast world of crop production. Mario Malinconico is Research Director at the Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, Italy. /p
OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3 Test No. 301: Ready Biodegradability by OECD Pdf
This Test Guideline describes six methods that permit the screening of chemicals for ready biodegradability in an aerobic aqueous medium. The methods are: the DOC Die-Away, the CO2 Evolution (Modified Sturm Test), the MITI (I) (Ministry of ...
OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3 Test No. 302C: Inherent Biodegradability: Modified MITI Test (II) by OECD Pdf
This Test Guideline describes the modified MITI test (II). This test permits the measurement of the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and the analysis of residual chemicals in order to evaluate the inherent biodegradability of chemical substances ...
OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals / Section 3: Degradation and Accumulation Revised Introduction to the OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals by OECD Pdf
OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3 Test No. 304A: Inherent Biodegradability in Soil by OECD Pdf
The method described in this Test Guideline is designed for the evaluation of the mineralisation rate of a 14C-labelled compound in soil. The method is applicable to volatile or non-volatile, soluble or insoluble compounds which are not inhibitory ...
OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3 Test No. 311: Anaerobic Biodegradability of Organic Compounds in Digested Sludge: by Measurement of Gas Production by OECD Pdf
This Test Guideline describes a screening method for the evaluation of potential anaerobic biodegradability of organic chemicals under specific conditions. Washed digested sludge, containing low (
OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3 Test No. 320: Determining Anaerobic Transformation of Chemicals in Liquid Manure by OECD Pdf
This Test Guideline describes a standardised method to examine the transformation of chemicals in pig and cattle liquid manure under anaerobic conditions.
OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2 Test No. 208: Terrestrial Plant Test: Seedling Emergence and Seedling Growth Test by OECD Pdf
This Test Guideline is designed to assess effects on seedling emergence and early growth of higher plants following exposure to the test substance applied to the soil surface or into the soil. Seeds are placed in contact with soil treated with the ...
OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2 Test No. 207: Earthworm, Acute Toxicity Tests by OECD Pdf
This Test Guideline includes two methods: a paper contact toxicity test and an artificial soil test. The recommended specie is Eisenia foetida (Michaelsen). The initial screening test (filter paper contact test) involves exposing earthworms to test ...
OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 3 Test No. 306: Biodegradability in Seawater by OECD Pdf
This Test Guideline describes two methods for biodegradability in seawater. The shake flask method consists on dissolution of a pre-determined amount of the test substance in the test medium to yield a concentration of 5-40 mg/l dissolved organic ...
