Ontology Modality And The Fallacy Of Reference

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Ontology, Modality and the Fallacy of Reference

Michael Jubien
Ontology Modality and the Fallacy of Reference Book PDF

Author : Michael Jubien
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 152 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 1993-08-27
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 0521433991

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Ontology, Modality and the Fallacy of Reference by Michael Jubien Pdf

This is a book about the concept of a physical thing and about how the names of things relate to the things they name. It questions the prevalent view that names 'refer to' or 'denote' the things they name. Instead it presents a new theory of proper names, according to which names express certain special properties that the things they name exhibit. This theory leads to some important conclusions about whether things have any of their properties as a matter of necessity. This will be an important book for philosophers in metaphysics and the philosophy of language, though it will also interest linguists concerned with the semantics of natural language.

Possibility

Michael Jubien
Possibility Book PDF

Author : Michael Jubien
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 229 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2009-02-12
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191567421

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Possibility by Michael Jubien Pdf

Possibility offers a new analysis of the metaphysical concepts of possibility and necessity, one that does not rely on any sort of 'possible worlds'. The analysis proceeds from an account of the notion of a physical object and from the positing of properties and relations. It is motivated by considerations about how we actually speak of and think of objects. Michael Jubien discusses several closely related topics, including different purported varieties of possible worlds, the doctrine of 'essentialism', natural kind terms, and alleged examples of necessity a posteriori. The book also offers a new theory of the functioning of proper names, both actual and fictional, and the discussion of natural kind terms and necessity a posteriori depends in part on this theory.

Objects and Modalities

Tero Tulenheimo
Objects and Modalities Book PDF

Author : Tero Tulenheimo
Publisher : Springer
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2017-03-14
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783319531199

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Objects and Modalities by Tero Tulenheimo Pdf

This book develops a novel generalization of possible world semantics, called ‘world line semantics’, which recognizes worlds and links between world-bound objects (world lines) as mutually independent aspects of modal semantics. Addressing a wide range of questions vital for contemporary debates in logic and philosophy of language and offering new tools for theoretical linguistics and knowledge representation, the book proposes a radically new paradigm in modal semantics. This framework is motivated philosophically, viewing a structure of world lines as a precondition of modal talk. The author provides a uniform analysis of quantification over individuals (physical objects) and objects of thought (intentional objects). The semantic account of what it means to speak of intentional objects throws new light on accounts of intentionality and singular thought in the philosophy of mind and offers novel insights into the semantics of intensional transitive verbs.

Ontology

Dale Jacquette
Ontology Book PDF

Author : Dale Jacquette
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 365 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2014-12-18
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781317489597

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Ontology by Dale Jacquette Pdf

The philosophical study of what exists and what it means for something to exist is one of the core concerns of metaphysics. This introduction to ontology provides readers with a comprehensive account of the central ideas of the subject of being. This book is divided into two parts. The first part explores questions of pure philosophical ontology: what is meant by the concept of being, why there exists something rather than nothing, and why there is only one logically contingent actual world. Dale Jacquette shows how logic provides the only possible answers to these fundamental problems. The second part of the book examines issues of applied scientific ontology. Jacquette offers a critical survey of some of the most influential traditional ontologies, such as the distinction between appearance and reality, and the categories of substance and transcendence. The ontology of physical entities - space, time, matter and causation - is examined as well as the ontology of abstract entities such as sets, numbers, properties, relations and propositions. The special problems posed by the subjectivity of mind and of postulating a god are also explored in detail. The final chapter examines the ontology of culture, language and art.

Ontology and Metaontology

Francesco Berto,Matteo Plebani
Ontology and Metaontology Book PDF

Author : Francesco Berto,Matteo Plebani
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 265 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2015-01-29
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781472573308

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Ontology and Metaontology by Francesco Berto,Matteo Plebani Pdf

Ontology and Metaontology: A Contemporary Guide is a clear and accessible survey of ontology, focusing on the most recent trends in the discipline. Divided into parts, the first half characterizes metaontology: the discourse on the methodology of ontological inquiry, covering the main concepts, tools, and methods of the discipline, exploring the notions of being and existence, ontological commitment, paraphrase strategies, fictionalist strategies, and other metaontological questions. The second half considers a series of case studies, introducing and familiarizing the reader with concrete examples of the latest research in the field. The basic sub-fields of ontology are covered here via an accessible and captivating exposition: events, properties, universals, abstract objects, possible worlds, material beings, mereology, fictional objects. The guide's modular structure allows for a flexible approach to the subject, making it suitable for both undergraduates and postgraduates looking to better understand and apply the exciting developments and debates taking place in ontology today.

Oxford Studies in Metaphysics Volume 7

Karen Bennett,Dean W. Zimmerman
Oxford Studies in Metaphysics Volume 7 Book PDF

Author : Karen Bennett,Dean W. Zimmerman
Publisher : Oxford Studies in Metaphysics
Page : 329 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2012-10-25
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199659074

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Oxford Studies in Metaphysics Volume 7 by Karen Bennett,Dean W. Zimmerman Pdf

Oxford Studies in Metaphysics is the forum for the best new work in this flourishing field. Much of the most interesting work in philosophy today is metaphysical in character: this series is a much-needed focus for it.

Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy

Edward Craig
Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy Book PDF

Author : Edward Craig
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 890 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0415187109

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Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy by Edward Craig Pdf

Volume five of a ten volume set which provides full and detailed coverage of all aspects of philosophy, including information on how philosophy is practiced in different countries, who the most influential philosophers were, and what the basic concepts are.

Necessary Beings

Bob Hale
Necessary Beings Book PDF

Author : Bob Hale
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 309 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2013-09-19
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199669578

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Necessary Beings by Bob Hale Pdf

Bob Hale presents a broadly Fregean approach to metaphysics, according to which ontology and modality are mutually dependent upon one another. He argues that facts about what kinds of things exist depend on facts about what is possible. Modal facts are fundamental, and have their basis in the essences of things—not in meanings or concepts.

Necessary Beings

Bob Hale
Necessary Beings Book PDF

Author : Bob Hale
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 310 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2013-09-19
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191648342

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Necessary Beings by Bob Hale Pdf

Necessary Beings is concerned with two central areas of metaphysics: modality—the theory of necessity, possibility, and other related notions; and ontology—the general study of what kinds of entities there are. Bob Hale's overarching purpose is to develop and defend two quite general theses about what is required for the existence of entities of various kinds: that questions about what kinds of things there are cannot be properly understood or adequately answered without recourse to considerations about possibility and necessity, and that, conversely, questions about the nature and basis of necessity and possibility cannot be satisfactorily tackled without drawing on what might be called the methodology of ontology. Taken together, these two theses claim that ontology and modality are mutually dependent upon one another, neither more fundamental than the other. Hale defends a broadly Fregean approach to metaphysics, according to which ontological distinctions among different kinds of things (objects, properties, and relations) are to be drawn on the basis of prior distinctions between different logical types of expression. The claim that facts about what kinds of things exist depend upon facts about what is possible makes little sense unless one accepts that at least some modal facts are fundamental, and not reducible to facts of some other, non-modal, sort. He argues that facts about what is absolutely necessary or possible have this character, and that they have their source or basis, not in meanings or concepts nor in facts about alternative 'worlds', but in the natures or essences of things.

The Double Lives of Objects

Thomas Sattig
The Double Lives of Objects Book PDF

Author : Thomas Sattig
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2015-02-19
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191505539

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The Double Lives of Objects by Thomas Sattig Pdf

Thomas Sattig develops and defends a novel philosophical picture of ordinary objects, such as persons, tables, trees, and mountains. His theory carves a middle way between the two accounts that have dominated traditional metaphysics of material objects, namely, classical mereology and Aristotelian hylomorphism. It answers metaphysical, semantical, and psychological questions in a unified framework: What is the nature of ordinary objects? How do we speak about such objects? And how do we conceive of them? The core thesis is that ordinary objects lead double lives: they are compounds of matter and form; and since their matter and form have different qualitative profiles, ordinary objects can be described differently from different conceptual perspectives. A philosophical theory of ordinary objects faces the hard task of saving our common-sense conception of objects from a wide range of hard problems that present our familiar worldview as internally inconsistent and as incompatible with plausible metaphysical principles. The book argues that the proposed theory does a better job than its rivals in saving the appearances. The key that unlocks each problem is that seemingly inconsistent judgements about objects are really consistent because they manifest different perspectives on the same double-layered objects. Many long-standing philosophical mysteries about ordinary objects dissolve, once we realize that they lead double lives. The theory contributes to a wide variety of philosophical debates, including those about parts and composition, persistence, coincidence and constitution, personal identity, modality de re, the grounding problem, determinism, vague objects, the problem of the many, and relativistic metaphysics.

The A to Z of Logic

Harry J. Gensler
The A to Z of Logic Book PDF

Author : Harry J. Gensler
Publisher : Scarecrow Press
Page : 354 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2010-02-12
Category : History
ISBN : 9781461731825

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The A to Z of Logic by Harry J. Gensler Pdf

The A to Z of Logic introduces the central concepts of the field in a series of brief, non-technical, cross-referenced dictionary entries. The 352 alphabetically arranged entries give a clear, basic introduction to a very broad range of logical topics. Entries can be found on deductive systems, such as propositional logic, modal logic, deontic logic, temporal logic, set theory, many-valued logic, mereology, and paraconsistent logic. Similarly, there are entries on topics relating to those previously mentioned such as negation, conditionals, truth tables, and proofs. Historical periods and figures are also covered, including ancient logic, medieval logic, Buddhist logic, Aristotle, Ockham, Boole, Frege, Russell, Gödel, and Quine. There are even entries relating logic to other areas and topics, like biology, computers, ethics, gender, God, psychology, metaphysics, abstract entities, algorithms, the ad hominem fallacy, inductive logic, informal logic, the liar paradox, metalogic, philosophy of logic, and software for learning logic. In addition to the dictionary, there is a substantial chronology listing the main events in the history of logic, an introduction that sketches the central ideas of logic and how it has evolved into what it is today, and an extensive bibliography of related readings. This book is not only useful for specialists but also understandable to students and other beginners in the field.

Metaphysics, Sophistry, and Illusion

Mark Balaguer
Metaphysics Sophistry and Illusion Book PDF

Author : Mark Balaguer
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 321 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2021-01-26
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780198868361

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Metaphysics, Sophistry, and Illusion by Mark Balaguer Pdf

Metaphysics, Sophistry, and Illusion introduces a novel kind of non-factualist view, and argues that we should endorse views of this kind in connection with a wide class of metaphysical questions. It also explains how these non-factualist views fit into a general anti-metaphysical view called neo-positivism.

Four-Dimensionalism

Theodore Sider
Four Dimensionalism Book PDF

Author : Theodore Sider
Publisher : Clarendon Press
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2001-10-25
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191529580

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Four-Dimensionalism by Theodore Sider Pdf

Four-Dimensionalism defends the thesis that the material world is composed of temporal as well as spatial parts. This defense includes a novel account of persistence over time, new arguments in favour of the four-dimensional ontology, and responses to the challenges four-dimensionalism faces. Theodore Sider pays particular attention to the philosophy of time, including a strong series of arguments against presentism, the thesis that only the present is real. Arguments offered in favour of four-dimensionalism include novel arguments based on time travel, the debate beween spacetime substantivalists and relationalists, and vagueness. Also included is a comprehensive discussion of the paradoxes of coinciding material objects, and a novel resolution of those paradoxes based on temporal counterpart theory. In conclusion Sider replies to prominent objections to four-dimensionalism, including discussion of the problem of the rotating homogenous disk. Four Dimensionalism is an original and highly readable study of the metaphysics of time and identity.

Modality and Anti-Metaphysics

Stephen K. McLeod
Modality and Anti Metaphysics Book PDF

Author : Stephen K. McLeod
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 196 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2018-01-18
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781351740203

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Modality and Anti-Metaphysics by Stephen K. McLeod Pdf

This title was first published in 2001. Modality and Anti-Metaphysics critically examines the most prominent approaches to modality among analytic philosophers in the twentieth century, including essentialism. Defending both the project of metaphysics and the essentialist position that metaphysical modality is conceptually and ontologically primitive, Stephen McLeod argues that the logical positivists did not succeed in banishing metaphysical modality from their own theoretical apparatus and he offers an original defence of metaphysics against their advocacy of its elimination. Seeking to assuage the sceptical worries which underlie modal anti-realism, McLeod provides an original contribution to essentialist epistemology, engaging with current debates about modality and suggesting that standard essentialist approaches to some issues in the philosophies of logic and language require revision. This book offers valuable insights to professional philosophers, postgraduates and advanced undergraduates interested in metaphysics, philosophy of logic or the history of twentieth-century analytic philosophy.

How Things Persist

Katherine Hawley
How Things Persist Book PDF

Author : Katherine Hawley
Publisher : Clarendon Press
Page : 232 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2002-01-03
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191554605

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How Things Persist by Katherine Hawley Pdf

How do things persist? Are material objects spread out through time just as they are spread out through space? Or is temporal persistence quite different from spatial extension? This key question lies at the heart of any metaphysical exploration of the material world, and it plays a crucial part in debates about personal identity and survival. Katherine Hawley explores and compares three theories of persistence — endurance, perdurance, and stage theories - investigating the ways in which they attempt to account for the world around us. Having provided valuable clarification of its two main rivals, she concludes by advocating stage theory. Such a basic issue about the nature of the physical world naturally has close ties with other central philosophical problems. How Things Persist includes discussions of change and parthood, of how we refer to material objects at different times, of the doctrine of Humean supervenience, and of the modal features of material things. In particular, it contains new accounts of the nature of worldly vagueness, and of what binds material things together over time, distinguishing the career of a natural object from an arbitrary sequence of events. Each chapter concludes with a reflection about the impact of these metaphysical debates upon questions about our personal identity and survival. Both students and professional philosophers will find that this wide-ranging study provides ideal access to the lively modern debate about an ancient metaphysical problem.