Organ Shortage The Solutions

Author : Ralf J. Jox,Galia Assadi,Georg Marckmann
Publisher : Springer
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2015-08-06
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783319164410

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Organ Transplantation in Times of Donor Shortage by Ralf J. Jox,Galia Assadi,Georg Marckmann Pdf

This book analyzes the reasons for organ shortage and ventures innovative ideas for approaching this problem. It presents 29 contributions from a highly interdisciplinary group of world experts and upcoming professionals in the field. Every year thousands of patients die while waiting for organ transplantation. Health authorities, medical professionals and bioethicists worldwide point to the urgent and yet unsolved problem of organ shortage, which will be even intensified due to the increasing life expectancy. Even though the practical problem seems to be well known, the search for suitable solutions continues and often restricts itself by being limited through disciplinary and national borders. Combining philosophical reflection with empirical results, this volume enables a unique insight in the ethics of organ transplantation and offers fresh ideas for policymakers, health care professionals, academics and the general public.

Author : Patrick Kimuyu
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 4 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2017-11-20
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783668575233

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Solutions to Organ Shortages for Transplantation by Patrick Kimuyu Pdf

Scientific Essay from the year 2016 in the subject Medicine - Public Health, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: Organ transplantation has become one of the most reliable life-saving medical approaches in the medical field. Miller et al. (2003) report “many lives have been saved that would not have been otherwise, and yet waiting lists for organs continue to increase” (par. 3). Historically, organ transplantation dates back to 1954 when the first human kidney was transplanted successfully. Later on in 1967, Christian Barnard carried out the first heart transplant. In general, a number of organ transplants were performed in 1960s including liver, pancreas and lung transplants, and this opened up treatment options for patients with organ failures. However, it is worth noting that, the success of organ transplant was enhanced by an array of clinical research findings. For instance, the discovery of immunosuppressive drugs, which prevented the rejection of organ grafts served as a significant breakthrough in organ transplantation. Currently, organ transplantation has gained popularity owing to its reliability although organ procurement and allocation laws appear to have limited its clinical use. Abouna (2008) reports “In the United States, for example, the number of patients on the waiting list in the year 2006 had risen to over 95,000 while the number of patient deaths was over 6,300” (p. 34). However, organ transplantation has been faced with unprecedented organ shortage crises. It has been reported that about 18 patients in the waiting list die every day owing to the shortage of organ donations (Rall, 2013). Therefore, this paper will provide solutions which appear relevant in addressing the shortage of organs available for transplantation.

Author : Anne-Maree Farrell,David Price,Muireann Quigley
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 329 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2011-03-10
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781139500104

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Organ Shortage by Anne-Maree Farrell,David Price,Muireann Quigley Pdf

Organ shortage is an ongoing problem in many countries. The needless death and suffering which have resulted necessitate an investigation into potential solutions. This examination of contemporary ethical means, both practical and policy-oriented, of reducing the shortfall in organs draws on the experiences of a range of countries. The authors focus on the resolution and negotiation of ethical conflict, examine systems approaches such as the 'Spanish model' and the US Breakthrough Collaboratives, evaluate policy proposals relating to incentives, presumed consent, and modifications regarding end-of-life care, and evaluate the greatly increased use of (non-heart-beating) donors suffering circulatory death, as well as living donors. The proposed strategies and solutions are not only capable of resolving the UK's own organ-shortage crisis, but also of being implemented in other countries grappling with how to address the growing gap between supply and demand for organs.

Author : J.-L. Touraine,J. Traeger,H. Bétuel,J.-M. Dubernard,J.P. Revillard,C. Dupuy
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 381 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789401102018

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Organ Shortage: The Solutions by J.-L. Touraine,J. Traeger,H. Bétuel,J.-M. Dubernard,J.P. Revillard,C. Dupuy Pdf

Organ Shortage: The Solutions is the latest subject in the Continuing Education series, organized by Fondation Marcel Mérieux and Université Claude Bernard in Lyon. The annual subject is chosen to reflect the status of the topical issues of the year, as taught by leading international experts. The contribution of transplantation and clinical immunology to advanced medicine is considerable and promising. The annual volumes in this series keep the reader abreast of these developments.

Author : T. Randolph Beard,David L. Kaserman,Rigmar Osterkamp
Publisher : Stanford University Press
Page : 261 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2013-01-09
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780804784641

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The Global Organ Shortage by T. Randolph Beard,David L. Kaserman,Rigmar Osterkamp Pdf

Although organ transplants provide the best, and often the only, effective therapy for many otherwise fatal conditions, the great benefits of transplantation go largely unrealized because of failures in the organ acquisition process. In the United States, for instance, more than 10,000 people die every year either awaiting transplantation, or as a result of deteriorating health exacerbated by the shortage of organs. Issues pertaining to organ donation and transplantation represent, perhaps, the most complex and morally controversial medical dilemmas aside from abortion and euthanasia. However, these quandaries are not unsolvable. This book proposes compensating organ donors within a publicly controlled monopsony. This proposal is quite similar to current practice in Spain, where compensation for cadaveric donation now occurs "in secret," as this text reveals. To build their recommendations, the authors provide a medical history of transplantation, a history of the development of national laws and waiting lists, a careful examination of the social costs and benefits of transplantation, a discussion of the causes of organ shortages, an evaluation of "partial" reforms tried or proposed, an extensive ethical evaluation of the current system and its competitors.

Author : Georgios Tsoulfas
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 454 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2018-07-25
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781789233407

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Organ Donation and Transplantation by Georgios Tsoulfas Pdf

One of the most interesting and at the same time most challenging fields of medicine and surgery has been that of organ donation and transplantation. It is a field that has made tremendous strides during the last few decades through the combined input and efforts of scientists from various specialties. What started as a dream of pioneers has become a reality for the thousands of our patients whose lives can now be saved and improved. However, at the same time, the challenges remain significant and so do the expectations. This book will be a collection of chapters describing these same challenges involved including the ethical, legal, and medical issues in organ donation and the technical and immunological problems the experts are facing involved in the care of these patients.The authors of this book represent a team of true global experts on the topic. In addition to the knowledge shared, the authors provide their personal clinical experience on a variety of different aspects of organ donation and transplantation.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Roger Herdman,John T. Potts
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 103 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 1998-01-18
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309064248

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Non-Heart-Beating Organ Transplantation by Institute of Medicine,Roger Herdman,John T. Potts Pdf

Non-heart-beating donors (individuals whose deaths are determined by cessation of heart and respiratory function rather than loss of whole brain function) could potentially be of major importance in reducing the gap between the demand for and available supply of organs for transplantation. Prompted by questions concerning the medical management of such donorsâ€"specifically, whether interventions undertaken to enhance the supply and quality of potentially transplantable organs (i.e. the use of anticoagulants and vasodilators) were in the best interests of the donor patientâ€"the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services asked the Institute of Medicine to examine from scientific and ethical points of view "alternative medical approaches that can be used to maximize the availability of organs from [a] donor [in an end-of-life situation] without violating prevailing ethical norms...." This book examines transplantation supply and demand, historical and modern conceptions of non-heart-beating donors, and organ procurement organizations and transplant program policies, and contains recommendations concerning the principles and ethical issues surrounding the topic.

Author : Andrew Michael Flescher
Publisher : Georgetown University Press
Page : 188 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Donation of organs, tissues, etc
ISBN : 9781626165441

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The Organ Shortage Crisis in America by Andrew Michael Flescher Pdf

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: The Organ Shortage Crisis in America -- Motivations for Giving, Especially of Precious Goods -- Civic Duty -- A Word about the Audience and Purpose of This Book -- Organization -- Notes -- 1. The Case for Legalizing the Sale of Organs -- The Market as a Solution, If Not a Virtue -- Costs and Equity -- The "Tyranny of the Gift -- Financial Incentives, Libertarianism, and the Black Market -- The Unique Case of Iran -- A Legal, Regulated Market for Organ Trade -- Notes -- 2. Ethical Concerns with Legalizing the Sale of Organs -- The Utility of Utility -- Selling Organs and the Impoverished -- Selling Organs and Public Safety -- Commodification -- Moving from Ethical to Pragmatic Considerations -- Notes -- 3. Organ Donation, Financial Motivation, and Civic Duty -- Paying It Forward -- Wolfenschiessen, Switzerland -- How Buying a Good Changes a Good -- The Difference between Lump-Sum Incentives and Compensatory Measures -- Civic Duty -- Notes -- 4. Living Donors and the Confluence of Altruism and Self-Regard -- Complex Human Motivations and the Myth of Unmotivated Altruism -- Living Donors and Living Donor Advocacy -- The Health Benefits of Living Donation -- Reflections of a Living Donor Advocate -- Notes -- 5. Making Altruism Practical -- Reducing Disincentives and Opening Doors to Virtue -- Paired Exchanges and Donor Chains -- Creating Incentives to Opt In -- Lost Wages and Travel Expenses -- Publicly Acknowledging Living Donors -- Nonmonetary Valuable, Comparable Goods -- Helping Virtue Along -- Notes -- Conclusion: Two to Four Hours of Your Life -- Notes -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Z -- About the Author

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Increasing Rates of Organ Donation
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 358 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2006-08-24
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309164641

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Organ Donation by Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Increasing Rates of Organ Donation Pdf

Rates of organ donation lag far behind the increasing need. At the start of 2006, more than 90,000 people were waiting to receive a solid organ (kidney, liver, lung, pancreas, heart, or intestine). Organ Donation examines a wide range of proposals to increase organ donation, including policies that presume consent for donation as well as the use of financial incentives such as direct payments, coverage of funeral expenses, and charitable contributions. This book urges federal agencies, nonprofit groups, and others to boost opportunities for people to record their decisions to donate, strengthen efforts to educate the public about the benefits of organ donation, and continue to improve donation systems. Organ Donation also supports initiatives to increase donations from people whose deaths are the result of irreversible cardiac failure. This book emphasizes that all members of society have a stake in an adequate supply of organs for patients in need, because each individual is a potential recipient as well as a potential donor.

Author : Andrew Michael Flescher
Publisher : Georgetown University Press
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2018-03-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781626165458

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The Organ Shortage Crisis in America by Andrew Michael Flescher Pdf

Nearly 120,000 people are in need of healthy organs in the United States. Every ten minutes a new name is added to the list, while on average twenty people die each day waiting for an organ to become available. Worse, our traditional reliance on cadaveric organ donation is becoming increasingly insufficient, and in recent years there has been a decline in the number of living donors as well as in the percentage of living donors relative to overall kidney donors. Some transplant surgeons and policy advocates have responded to this shortage by arguing for the legalization of the sale of organs among living donors. Andrew Flescher objects to this approach by going beyond concerns traditionally cited about social justice, commodification, and patient safety, and moving squarely onto the terrain of discussing what motivates major and costly acts of human selflessness. What is the most efficacious means of attracting prospective living kidney donors? Flescher, drawing on literature in the fields of moral psychology and economics, as well as on scores of interviews with living donors, suggests that inculcating a sense of altruism and civic duty is a more effective means of increasing donor participation than the resort to financial incentives. He encourages individuals to spend time with patients on dialysis in order to become acquainted with their plight and, as an alternative to lump-sum payments, consider innovative solutions that positively impact living donor participation that do not undermine the spirit of the National Organ Transplant Act of 1984. This book not only re-examines the important debate over whether to allow the sale of organs; it is also the first volume in the field to take a close look at alternative solutions to the organ shortage crisis.

Author : United States. Task Force on Organ Transplantation
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 1986
Category : Donation of organs, tissues, etc
ISBN : PURD:32754004375949

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Organ Transplantation by United States. Task Force on Organ Transplantation Pdf

Author : Robert S.D. Higgins,Juan A. Sanchez
Publisher : Bentham Science Publishers
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2018-11-30
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781681087566

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The Multi-Organ Donor: A Guide to Selection, Preservation and Procurement by Robert S.D. Higgins,Juan A. Sanchez Pdf

Advances in the science of immunology have improved the success rate of organ transplantations since the mid twentieth century. Organ transplantation is now a lifesaving medical procedure for thousands of patients around the world with end-organ diseases. The lifesaving potential of transplantation has been limited by the number and quality of appropriate organ donors. The evolution of brain death criteria by the Harvard Ad-Hoc Committee Report has opened the door to understanding the importance of medical, legal and ethical challenges of organ donation in support of the growth of the transplant science. The possibility of organ donation from living donors has enhanced organ availability for patients with kidney failure. Modern inotropes and immunosuppression regimens have been critical to the success of other organ transplant procedures. However, the cornerstone of successful transplantation continues to be the appropriate selection, evaluation, preservation of organ tissues and the successful surgical procurement process to mitigate the impact of tissue ischemia and reperfusion. In this textbook, the art and science of organ donation and tissue preservation is examined. Through this authoritative text by leaders in the field, the editors provide a state of the art review of modern preservation techniques, patient selection and screening criteria, as well as best practices for multi-organ procurement. Information presented in the book will familiarize readers with the initial steps of determining organ availability which ultimately enables health care professionals to realize the extraordinary potential of successful multi-organ transplant procedures. This guide is intended to be a fundamental resource for students, residents, faculty and staff for all disciplines allied to health care delivery and organ donation.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Division of Health Care Services,Committee on Non-Heart-Beating Transplantation II: The Scientific and Ethical Basis for Practice and Protocols
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 173 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2000-04-19
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309183550

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Non-Heart-Beating Organ Transplantation by Institute of Medicine,Division of Health Care Services,Committee on Non-Heart-Beating Transplantation II: The Scientific and Ethical Basis for Practice and Protocols Pdf

In 1997, the Institute of Medicine published a report entitled Non-Heart- Beating Organ Transplantation: Medical and Ethical Issues in Procurement. The findings and recommendations of that study defined the ethical and scientific basis for non-heart-beating organ donation and transplantation, and provided specific recommendations for practices that affirm patient welfare, promote patient and family choice, and avoid conflicts of interest. Following the 1997 study, the Department of Health and Human Services requested a follow up study to promote such efforts. The central activity for this study was a workshop held in Washington, D.C., on May 24-25, 1999. The workshop provided the opportunity for extensive dialogue on non-heart-beating organ donation among hospitals and organ procurement organizations (OPOs) that are actively involved in non-heartbeating organ and tissue donation and those with concerns about whether and how to proceed. The findings and recommendations of this report are based in large measure on the discussions and insights from that workshop. Non-Heart-Beating Organ Transplantation includes seven recommendations for developing and implementing non-heart-beating-donor protocols. These recommendations were based on the findings and recommendations from the 1997 IOM report and consensus achieved among participants at the national workshop. The committee developed these recommendations as steps towards an approach to non-heart-beating-donor organ donation and procurement consistent with underlying scientific and ethical guidelines, patient and family options and choices, and public trust in organ donation.

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Issues in Organ Donor Intervention Research
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 171 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2018-01-21
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309464871

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Opportunities for Organ Donor Intervention Research by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Issues in Organ Donor Intervention Research Pdf

The organ donation and transplantation system strives to honor the gift of donated organs by fully using those organs to save and improve the quality of the lives of their recipients. However, there are not enough donated organs to meet the demand and some donated organs may not be recovered, some recovered organs may not be transplanted, and some transplanted organs may not function adequately. Organ donor intervention research can test and assess interventions (e.g., medications, devices, and donor management protocols) to maintain or improve organ quality prior to, during, and following transplantation. The intervention is administered either while the organ is still in the deceased donor or after it is recovered from the donor but before it is transplanted into a recipient. Organ donor intervention research presents new challenges to the organ donation and transplantation community because of ethical questions about who should be considered a human subject in a research study, whose permission and oversight are needed, and how to ensure that such research does not threaten the equitable distribution of a scarce and valuable resource. Opportunities for Organ Donor Intervention Research focuses on the ethical, legal, regulatory, policy, and organizational issues relevant to the conduct of research in the United States involving deceased organ donors. This report provides recommendations for how to conduct organ donor intervention research in a manner that maintains high ethical standards, that ensures dignity and respect for deceased organ donors and their families, that provides transparency and information for transplant candidates who might receive a research organ, and that supports and sustains the public's trust in the process of organ donation and transplantation.

Author : Michele Goodwin
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 213 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2006-03-27
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780521852807

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Black Markets by Michele Goodwin Pdf

In America, in direct response to indefinite delays on the national transplantation waitlists and an inadequate supply of organs, a growing number of terminally ill Americans are turning to international underground markets and coordinators or brokers for organs. Chinese inmates on death-row and the economically disadvantaged in India and Brazil are the often compromised co-participants in the private negotiation process, which occurs outside the legal process - or in the shadows of law. These individuals supply kidneys and other organs for Americans and other Westerners willing to shop and pay in the private process. This book contends that exclusive reliance on the present altruistic tissue and organ procurement processes in the United States is not only rife with problems, but also improvident. The author explores how the altruistic approach leads to a 'black market' of organs being harvested from Third World individuals as well as compelled donations from children and incompetent persons.