Organophosphorus Pesticides

Author : Christa Fest,K.-J. Schmidt
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 346 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642978760

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The Chemistry of Organophosphorus Pesticides by Christa Fest,K.-J. Schmidt Pdf

Our intention has been to provide a short introduction to the chemistry and mode of action of insecticidal phosphoric acid compounds, with particular reference to the relationship between structure and activity. The yearly production of these pesticides is now approaching 100,000 tons and thus offers an important example of applied research. If, however, one examines the historical develop ment of these compounds, it is apparent that this was preceded by a hundred years of pure chemistry of phosphorus. The utility of the phosphoric acid pesticides is undisputed today - and furthermore it can be expected that they will solve many of the world's nutritional problems" yet from this field of applied research many paths are now leading back into basic research in chemistry, biochemistry, biology and toxicology etc. This clearly illustrates the problem of attempting to define pure and applied research. Originally, this book was conceived for students of chemistry who, on completion of their study, were uncertain about the place of applied research in industry but it was soon clear that such material, when supplemented with further data, would serve as an introduction to the field of pesticidal phosphoric acid compounds for many technicians, officials and scientists who, in various authorities in agriculture, in chemical and biological research, are concerned with the problems of crop protection and more recently with questions of pollution of the environ ment.

Author : IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans,International Agency for Research on Cancer
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Carcinogens
ISBN : 9283201507

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Some Organophosphate Insecticides and Herbicides by IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans,International Agency for Research on Cancer Pdf

This volume of the IARC Monographs provides evaluations of the carcinogenicity of some organophosphate insecticides and herbicides, including diazinon, glyphosate, malathion, parathion, and tetrachlorvinphos. Diazinon acts on a wide range of insects on crops, gardens, livestock, and pets, but most uses have been restricted in the USA, Canada, and the European Union since the 1980s. Glyphosate is the most heavily used agricultural and residential herbicide in the world, and has been detected in soil, air, surface water, and groundwater, as well as in food. Malathion is one of the oldest and most widely used organophosphate insecticides, and has a broad spectrum of applications in agriculture and public health, notably mosquito control. The insecticide parathion has been largely banned or restricted throughout the world due to toxicity to wildlife and humans. Tetrachlorvinphos is banned in the European Union, but continues to be used in the USA and elsewhere as an insecticide on animals, including in pet flea collars. The IARC Monographs Working Group reviewed epidemiological evidence, animal bioassays, and mechanistic and other relevant data to reach conclusions as to the carcinogenic hazard to humans of these agents.

Author : Morifusa Eto
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 705 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2018-01-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781351092203

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Organophosphorus Pesticides by Morifusa Eto Pdf

In order to get a general concept of organophosphorus pesticides with such a variety in structure and biological activities, consideration of each aspect of chemistry, biochemistry, and the applied sciences is necessary. This book consists of these three main parts. After the presentation of the background of phosphorus chemistry in Chapter 1, stress was put on the chemical and biochemical reactions of organophosphorus pesticides, including synthesis, analysis, metabolism mode of action, and other interesting aspects in Chapter 2 to 4, and on the structure-pesticidal activity relationship in Chapter 5.

Author : C. Fest,K.-J. Schmidt
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 369 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783642684418

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The Chemistry of Organophosphorus Pesticides by C. Fest,K.-J. Schmidt Pdf

Rapid progress in the field of organophosphate compounds has made this new edition necessary. Particular attention has been paid to new developments in biologically active products as this is probably of greatest interest to practical chemists. I have therefore updated the chapter on chemistry and, in connection with this, rewritten the chapter on metabolism. I should especially like to thank Professor Dr. HELLMUT HOFFMANN for his constant encouragement and interest in my work and for many fruitful discus sions. The co-author to the 1st edition, Dr. KARL-JULIUS SCHMIDT, died suddenly on November 21, 1980. I treasure the memory of a valued colleague of many years standing. Elberfeld, January 1982 CHRISTA FEST VII Preface to the First Edition Our intention has been to provide a short introduction to the chemistry and mode of action of insecticidal phosphoric acid compounds, with particular ref erence to the relationship between structure and activity. The yearly produc tion of these pesticides is now approaching 100,000 tons and thus offers an im portant example of applied research. If, however, one examines the historical development of these compounds, it is apparent that this was preceded by a hundred years of pure chemistry of phosphorus.

Author : Neil Wilkinson
Publisher : Nova Science Publishers
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Organophosphorus compounds
ISBN : 1634854500

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Organophosphorus Pesticides by Neil Wilkinson Pdf

At present, organophosphorus compounds (OP) are considered some of the most toxic substances synthesised by man. These compounds are widely used in agriculture, residential gardening and in pest control programs, as well as in veterinary practices of the modern world. The primary toxicity of organophosphates is associated with the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase in the central and peripheral nervous system, resulting in acetylcholine accumulation and consequently disrupted neurotransmission. In this book, Chapter One provides an overview of recent studies regarding toxic effects of organophosphates, the methods of their removal, and detoxification in live organisms. Chapter Two summarizes the results of monitoring agricultural products for the presence of organophosphorus pesticides, putting a special emphasis on potential ways for reduction of their levels. The final chapter focuses specifically on the structural features, applications, toxicity mechanisms and effects of exposure on human health of fenitrothion, a non-systemic organophosphorous insecticide.

Author : Morifusa Etō
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 410 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 1974
Category : Science
ISBN : UOM:39015016065628

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Organophosphorus Pesticides by Morifusa Etō Pdf

Nomenclature. Phosphates. Phosphorothionates. Phosphorothilothionates. Phosphorothiolates. Derivates of phosphoramidic acid. Phosphonates. Hydrolysis. Chemical reactions. Biochemistry. Individual Pesticides.

Author : Fabrice Marquis
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 113 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2020
Category : Science
ISBN : 1536183164

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Organophosphate Pesticides by Fabrice Marquis Pdf

"In this compilation, the authors present progress in research concerning protection from organophosphates activity, as well as an overview of the methods for their removal from the environment and decontamination of contaminated persons. New developments in research on biosensors is also presented based on the enzyme (or bacteria)-functionalized nanostructures for organophosphorus pesticide detection. The closing study focuses on how the application of computational methods to the investigation of organophosphorous pesticides is a significant step towards a complete understanding of their behavior in any type of environment"--

Author : Mark Marcus,J. Spigarelli,Hope Miller
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 148 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 1978
Category : Organic water pollutants
ISBN : UOM:39015041755029

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Organic Compounds in Organophosporus Pesticide Manufacturing Wastewaters by Mark Marcus,J. Spigarelli,Hope Miller Pdf

Author : Stephen E. Duirk,Timothy W. Collette
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 68 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Drinking water
ISBN : UIUC:30112112944860

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Organophosphate Pesticide Degradation Under Drinking Water Treatment Conditions by Stephen E. Duirk,Timothy W. Collette Pdf

Little work to date has solely investigated the kinetics and pathways of pesticide transformations under drinking water treatment conditions. Free chlorine has been found to react with s-triazine, carbamate, and organophosphate pesticides. However, these experimental conditions did not account for naturally occurring aquatic constituents such as natural organic matter (NOM) or inorganic ions (i.e., bromide). The kinetics and degradation pathways for chlorpyrifos (CP), an OP pesticide, have been established in buffered deionized water. However, the effect of NOM and bromide on the rate of CP has yet to be thoroughly investigated. This research was designed to examine the influence of NOM and bromide on the loss of CP in the presence of free chlorine.

Author : Christa Fest,Karl-Julius Schmidt
Publisher : Springer
Page : 339 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 1973
Category : Insecticides
ISBN : 0387058583

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The Chemistry of Organophosphorus Pesticides by Christa Fest,Karl-Julius Schmidt Pdf

Author : Ramesh C. Gupta
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 768 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2011-04-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 0080543103

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Toxicology of Organophosphate and Carbamate Compounds by Ramesh C. Gupta Pdf

This text/reference book provides the most comprehensive coverage of anticholinesterase compounds (Organophosphates and Carbamates), which constitute the largest number of chemicals that are primarily used as insecticides in agriculture, industry, and around the home/garden. Some OPs (nerve agents) have been used in chemical warfare and terrorist attacks, while some OPs and CMs have been recommended as therapeutic agents in human medicine as well as in veterinary medicine. Many chemicals of both classes are extremely toxic and lack selectivity, thus their inadvertent/accidental use continues to pose a threat to human and animal health, aquatic systems and wildlife. These anticholinesterase agents produce a variety of toxicological effects in target and nontarget organs. In light of this complexicity, this multi-authored book is written by the well known scientists from many countries. The book is organized into nine sections, with a total of 49 chapters, to provide in-depth knowledge on various aspects of OP and CM compounds, including their use, classification, mechanism-based toxicity, and prophylactic and therapeutic measurements. Several chapters are written with special emphasis to cover timely topics, such as chemical warfare agents, physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling, structure and function of cholinesterases, paraoxonase, carboxylesterases; developmental neurotoxicity, the intermediate syndrome, oxidative stress, endocrine disruption, and DNA damage/gene expression and carcinogenesis. Section-VI with 5 chapters is specifically devoted to risk assessment, and safety and regulatory guidelines for pesticides. Describes everything you need to know about Organophosphates and Carbamates Extensively covers pesticides, nerve agents, therapeutic drugs, and flame retardants Describes epidemiology of the world's major disasters involving Organophosphates and Carbamates Covers animal, human, aquatic, and wildlife toxicity of Anticholinesterases Insights into in-depth cholinergic and noncholinergic mechanisms of toxicity Describes recent advancements in cholinesterases, paraoxonases, carboxylesterases, oxidative stress, endocrine disruption, cardiac and pulmonary toxicity, and carcinogenesis Provides in vitro and in vivo models for neurotoxicity testing Integrates knowledge of studies in lab animals and humans Offers risk/safety assessment and national/international guidelines for permissible levels of pesticide residues Describes management of Anticholinesterase poisoning in humans

Author : Gregory J. Smith
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 178 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 1992-11-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 0849387213

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Toxicology and Pesticide Use in Relation to Wildlife, Organophosphorus, and Carbamate Compounds by Gregory J. Smith Pdf

Organophosphorus and carbonate pesticides are used as insecticides, herbicides, nematicides, acaricides, fungicides, rodenticides, and bird repellents throughout the world. Today, organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides use is widespread on agricultural crops, rangelands, forests, and wetlands. Toxicology and Pesticide Use: Organophosphorus and Carbamate Compounds summarizes what is known about these pesticides from wildlife toxicology literature and discusses the potential hazards to wildlife by examining toxicity, environmental persistence, and use patterns of the pesticides. This information is critical to anyone involved in agriculture or agribusiness because of the impact of recent EPA rulings regarding the administration of these chemicals to crops. The book will interest toxicologists, environmental toxicologists, agrichemists, and all researchers involved in the study of the impact of these chemicals on the environment.

Author : Janice E. Chambers,Patricia E. Levi
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 440 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2013-10-22
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780080917269

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Organophosphates Chemistry, Fate, and Effects by Janice E. Chambers,Patricia E. Levi Pdf

This volume pulls together a wealth of up-to-date information on the toxicology of this diverse and ubiquitous class of insecticides. Leading experts review the reactivity of organophosphorus compounds with cholinesterase, as well as their metabolism and biological effects on humans and other nontarget organisms. The book not only covers the anticholinesterase actions of organophosphates, but also other, presumably independent, effects, such as teratogenicity, delayed neuropathy, immunotoxicity, and behavioral toxicity. Offers crucial overviews of chemical and biochemical reactivity and biological responsiveness of mainly nontarget organisms Reviews new developments in assessment of metabolism and disposition of organophosphorus compounds Examines organophosphorus compound-induced toxicity mediated by mechanisms other than inhibition of acetylcholinesterase Covers new research on differences in toxicity induced by the variety of organophosphorus Analyzes current controversies on the relevance of certain biochemical parameters in actual organophosphate toxicity in vivo

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 402 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 1993-02-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309048750

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Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children Pdf

Many of the pesticides applied to food crops in this country are present in foods and may pose risks to human health. Current regulations are intended to protect the health of the general population by controlling pesticide use. This book explores whether the present regulatory approaches adequately protect infants and children, who may differ from adults in susceptibility and in dietary exposures to pesticide residues. The committee focuses on four major areas: Susceptibility: Are children more susceptible or less susceptible than adults to the effects of dietary exposure to pesticides? Exposure: What foods do infants and children eat, and which pesticides and how much of them are present in those foods? Is the current information on consumption and residues adequate to estimate exposure? Toxicity: Are toxicity tests in laboratory animals adequate to predict toxicity in human infants and children? Do the extent and type of toxicity of some chemicals vary by species and by age? Assessing risk: How is dietary exposure to pesticide residues associated with response? How can laboratory data on lifetime exposures of animals be used to derive meaningful estimates of risk to children? Does risk accumulate more rapidly during the early years of life? This book will be of interest to policymakers, administrators of research in the public and private sectors, toxicologists, pediatricians and other health professionals, and the pesticide industry.

Author : Stanley Feldman,John A Henry,Lakshman Karalliedde,Timothy Marrs
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 511 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2001-07-24
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781783261437

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Organophosphates And Health by Stanley Feldman,John A Henry,Lakshman Karalliedde,Timothy Marrs Pdf

Few chemical compounds created by man have caused greater controversy than organophosphates. Conceived as insecticides, they have also been developed to become the most feared of chemical weapons. The control of vectors of diseases from which millions die or are disabled is heavily dependent on organophosphates, as are efforts to maintain food production in the face of uncontrolled population growth, diminishing arable land and the possibility of global warming. As the toxicity of organophosphates is non-specific, it has caused ill health and death in man, and has contributed to adverse ecological effects.This book, written by recognised experts, studies and presents information in a manner that basic scientists, medical personnel, environmentalists, agriculturists and those in public health and occupational medicine will find essential when considering the use of organophosphates in their disciplines. The text primarily covers health aspects, with discussions on related social, economic, environmental and agricultural issues that concern all inhabitants of the global village.