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Author : Anandi Hattiangadi
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Meaning (Philosophy)
ISBN : 019171187X
Author : Anandi Hattiangadi
Publisher : Clarendon Press
Page : 232 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2007-05-31
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191527401
In Oughts and Thoughts, Anandi Hattiangadi provides an innovative response to the argument for meaning scepticism set out by Saul Kripke in Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language. Kripke asks what makes it the case that anybody ever means anything by any word, and argues that there are no facts of the matter as to what anybody ever means. Kripke's argument has inspired a lively and extended debate in the philosophy of language, as it raises some of the most fundamental issues in the field: namely, the reality, privacy, and normativity of meaning. Hattiangadi argues that in order to achieve the radical conclusion that there are no facts as to what a person means by a word, the sceptic must rely on the thesis that meaning is normative, and that this thesis fails. Since any 'sceptical solution' to the sceptical problem is irremediably incoherent, Hattiangadi concludes that there must be a fact of the matter about what we mean. In addition to providing an overview of the debate on meaning and content scepticism, Hattiangandi presents a detailed discussion of the contributions made by Simon Blackburn, Paul Boghossian, Robert Brandom, Fred Dretske, John McDowell, and Crispin Wright, among others, to the controversy surrounding Kripke's argument. The issues considered include the normativity of meaning and its relation to the normativity of moral judgments, reductive and non-reductive theories of meaning, deflationism about truth and meaning, and the privacy of meaning.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 1798
Category : Electronic
ISBN : BL:A0019635970
Author : James Cochrane
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 16 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 1798
Category : Electronic
ISBN : BL:A0021780386
Author : Robert Cunningham
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 1838
Category : Electronic
ISBN : BL:A0023803525
Author : Matthew Chrisman
Publisher : Oxford Moral Theory
Page : 277 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780199363001
In this book Matthew Chrisman develops a careful account of the semantics of 'ought' as a modal operator, and uses this to motivate a novel inferentialist account of why ought-sentences have the meaning that they have. This is a metanormative account that agrees with traditional descriptivist theories in metaethics that specifying the truth-conditions of normative sentences is a central part of the explanation of their meaning. But Chrisman argues that this leaves important metasemantic questions about what it is in virtue of which ought-sentences have the meanings that they have unanswered. His appeal to inferentialism aims to provide a viable anti-descriptivist but also anti-expressivist answer to these questions.
Author : Phillip Van Hooser
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2013-04-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781118529263
Offers ground rules leaders on all levels should know if their going to lead with purpose, confidence, and effectiveness.
Author : Shira Elqayam,David E. Over
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 189 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2016-08-12
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9782889198962
In the study of human thinking, two main research questions can be asked: “Descriptive Q: What is human thinking like? Normative Q: What ought human thinking be like?” For decades, these two questions have dominated the field, and the relationship between them generated many a controversy. Empirical normativist approaches regard the answers to these questions as positively correlated – in essence, human thinking is what it ought to be (although what counts as the ‘ought’ standard is moot). In contemporary theories of reasoning and decision making, this is often associated with a Panglossian framework, an adaptationist approach which regards human thinking as a priori rational. In contrast, prescriptive normativism sees the answers to these two questions as negatively correlated. Normative models are still relevant to human thought, but human behaviour deviates from them quite markedly (with the invited conclusion that humans are often irrational). Prescriptive normativism often results in a Meliorist agenda, which sees rationality as amenable to education. Both empirical and prescriptive normativism can be contrasted with a descriptivist framework for psychology of human thinking. Following Hume’s strict divide between the ‘is’ and the ‘ought’, descriptivism regards the descriptive and normative research questions as uncorrelated, or dissociated, with only the former question suitable for psychological study of human behaviour. This basic division carries over to the relation between normative (‘ought’) rationality, based on conforming to normative standards; and instrumental (‘is’) rationality, based on achieving one’s goals. Descriptivist approaches regard the two as dissociated, whereas normativist approaches tend to see them as closely linked, with normative arguments defining and justifying instrumental rationality. This research topic brings together diverse contributions to the continuing debate. Featuring contributions from leading researchers in the field, the e-book covers a wide range of subjects, arranged by six sections: The standard picture: Normativist perspectives In defence of soft normativism Exploring normative models Descriptivist perspectives Evolutionary and ecological accounts Empirical reports With a total of some 24 articles from 55 authors, this comprehensive treatment includes theoretical analyses, meta-theoretical critiques, commentaries, and a range of empirical reports. The contents of the Research Topic should appeal to psychologists, linguists, philosophers and cognitive scientists, with research interests in a wide range of domains, from language, through reasoning, judgment and decision making, and moral judgment, to epistemology and theory of mind, philosophical logic, and meta-ethics.
Author : Karen Valihora
Publisher : University of Delaware Press
Page : 365 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : English literature
ISBN : 9780874130829
The word is all over Jane Austen's novels: what ought to be done, what one ought to say, how one ought to feel (versus how one does feel). When Austen's characters employ an ought, the delicate oscillation between first-and third-person perspectives that marks her prose leads the reader to distinguish between what they say, and what they ought, according to a morally idealized, third-person calculus to mean. But what is the context of this ought? This book situates the disinterested, reflective appeal to moral principle invoked ironically or otherwise in Austen's oughts within the history of thought about judgment in the British eighteenth century. Beginning with Shaftesbury's critique of Locke's account of judgment, successive readings explore the emphasis on disinterest in works by David Hume, Adam Smith, Samuel Richardson, and Sir Joshua Reynolds alongside discussions of Jane Austen's major novels.
Author : Verda Sherrod
Publisher : Trafford Publishing
Page : 80 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2012-08
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9781466946286
When you meet someone that you can share your dreams, hopes, and fears with, share your inner most secrets, laugh and cry with, and be yourself and they still like you, you want to spend the rest of your life with them. It is inevitable that you fall in love, get married, and believe you will live happily ever after. It is then that you make a lifelong commitment to be together. At that time, life seems to be perfect, but then tragedy strikes. You are thrown for a loop by the inevitability of death. Feelings of hopelessness consume you. What do you do when you pray for someone to live, but he is ready to die? Suddenly, your peace and happiness are gone, and you would trade places with that person if you could. Suddenly life as you know it is over. There seems to be no balance between the good, the bad, and the ugly things happening in your life. Death is imminent! Experiences outlined in this book show: how faith outweighs balance—faith in knowing that God knows, allows, and does what is best for us; faith that good outweighs bad, knowing that death is inevitable. There is life after death, and we know that God causes everything to work together for the good of those who love him and are then called according to his purpose. This book will prepare you for a greater relationship that never ends . . . a relationship with the one who makes life worth living and death worthwhile.
Author : Bill Gaughan
Publisher : Christian Faith Publishing, Inc.
Page : 310 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2018-02-08
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9781640798540
Do you desire a passion for God's Word? A passion like you feel you should have, like you always wanted to have, like you used to have? If the answer is yes, then this book is for you. I've written this book for the average Joe and Joanne, people just like you and me, who don't have a theology degree or a professional ministry position but do have a desire to be able to understand and appreciate God's Word and develop a habit of honoring it daily. The topics in this book are actually lessons from my small group that I have had the privilege of leading for many years. My hope and prayer is that this enriches you, speaks life to you, and that the Holy Spirit would "open the eyes of your heart" to fall in love with God's love letter to you. You will find twenty-four chapters on topics that I believe are central to the Christian faith and that are ideal for your own devotional time or even to use as a guide for you-yes, you-to teach to a small group or cell group. Simple in presentation, yet profound in impact.
Author : Alex King
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 163 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2019-04-05
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781351259934
Are we able to do everything we ought to do? According to the important but controversial Ought Implies Can principle, the answer is yes. In this book Alex King sheds some much-needed light on this principle. She argues that it is flawed because we are obligated to perform some actions that we cannot perform, and goes on to present a suggested theory for anyone who would deny the principle. She examines the traditional motivations for Ought Implies Can, and finds that they to a large degree do not support it. Using examples like gay rights, addiction, and disability, she argues that we can preserve many of the motivations that led us to the principle by thinking more about what we, as individuals or institutions, can fairly demand of ourselves and each other.
Author : Mary Wood-Allen
Publisher : 谷月社
Page : 115 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2015-11-14
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
CHAPTER I. WHAT ARE YOU WORTH? CHAPTER II. CARE OF BODY. FOOTNOTES: CHAPTER III. FOOD. CHAPTER IV. SLEEP. CHAPTER V. BREATHING. CHAPTER VI. HINDRANCES TO BREATHING. CHAPTER VII. ADDED INJURIES FROM TIGHT CLOTHING. CHAPTER VIII. EXERCISE. CHAPTER IX. BATHING. PART II. CHAPTER X. CREATIVE POWER. CHAPTER XI. BUILDING BRAINS. CHAPTER XII. YOU ARE MORE THAN BODY OR MIND. CHAPTER XIII. SPECIAL PHYSIOLOGY. CHAPTER XIV. BECOMING A WOMAN. CHAPTER XV. ARTIFICIALITIES OF CIVILIZED LIFE. CHAPTER XVI. SOME CAUSES OF PAINFUL MENSTRUATION. CHAPTER XVII. "FEMALE DISEASES." CHAPTER XVIII. CARE DURING MENSTRUATION. CHAPTER XIX. SOLITARY VICE. CHAPTER XX. BE GOOD TO YOURSELF. CHAPTER XXI. FRIENDSHIP BETWEEN BOYS AND GIRLS. CHAPTER XXII. FRIENDSHIP BETWEEN GIRLS. CHAPTER XXIII. EXERCISES. CHAPTER XXIV. RECREATIONS. PART III. LOVE; HEREDITY; ENGAGEMENTS. CHAPTER XXV. LOVE. CHAPTER XXVI. RESPONSIBILITY IN MARRIAGE. CHAPTER XXVII. THE LAW OF HEREDITY. CHAPTER XXVIII. HEREDITARY EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, ETC. CHAPTER XXIX. EFFECTS OF IMMORALITY ON THE RACE. FOOTNOTES: CHAPTER XXX. THE GOSPEL OF HEREDITY. BIBLE TEXTS BEARING ON THE SUBJECT OF HEREDITY. CHAPTER XXXI. REQUISITES OF A HUSBAND. CHAPTER XXXII. ENGAGEMENTS. CHAPTER XXXIII. THE WEDDING.
Author : Elijah Millgram
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 313 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199326020
Human beings have always been specialists, but over the past two centuries division of labor has become deeper, ubiquitous, and much more fluid. The form it now takes brings in its wake a series of problems that are simultaneously philosophical and practical, having to do with coordinating the activities of experts in different disciplines who do not understand one another. Because these problems are unrecognized, and because we do not have solutions for them, we are on the verge of an age in which decisions that depend on understanding more than one discipline at a time will be made badly. Since so many decisions do require multidisciplinary knowledge, these philosophical problems are urgent. Some of the puzzles that have traditionally been on philosophers' agendas have to do with intellectual devices developed to handle less extreme forms of specialization. Two of these, necessity and the practical `ought', are given extended treatment in Elijah Millgram's The Great Endarkenment. In this collection of essays, both previously published and new, Millgram pays special attention to ways a focus on cognitive function reframes familiar debates in metaethics and metaphysics. Consequences of hyperspecialization for the theory of practical rationality, for our conception of agency, and for ethics are laid out and discussed. An Afterword considers whether and how philosophers can contribute to solving the very pressing problems created by contemporary division of labor. "These always interesting, often brilliant, and contentious essays focus on the question of how we need to reason practically, if we are to flourish, given Millgram's account of our human nature and of the environments that we inhabit. The originality of his thought is matched by his clarity and his wit."--Alasdair MacIntyre, University of Notre Dame
Author : Evan Edwards
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 150 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 1859
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OXFORD:590329332