Parts And Wholes

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Plato on Parts and Wholes

Verity Harte
Plato on Parts and Wholes Book PDF

Author : Verity Harte
Publisher : Oxford University Press on Demand
Page : 311 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 019927844X

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Plato on Parts and Wholes by Verity Harte Pdf

What is the relation between a whole and its parts? Is a whole identical to its parts, or is there some other relation of composition? These questions are much discussed in modern philosophy; but Plato's rich discussion of composition has been neglected. Verity Harte provides the first sustained examination of this Platonic discussion and explains its relations to modern debates. She reveals how, in several late works, Plato criticizes the view that a whole is identical to its parts. Shethen goes on to discuss the intriguing alternative conception of wholes he offers in its place. This book is an invaluable resource both for scholars of Plato and for modern metaphysicians. For scholars of Plato, Harte's careful textual analysis provides fresh insights into some of his most difficult works. For modern metaphysicians, she illuminates the contemporary debate by placing it within an historical context.

Parts and Wholes

Meg Wallace
Parts and Wholes Book PDF

Author : Meg Wallace
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 139 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2023-06-29
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781009092098

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Parts and Wholes by Meg Wallace Pdf

The Odd Universe Argument aims to show that from four intuitive assumptions about parts and wholes, we can conclude a priori that there is an odd number of things in the universe. This Element investigates how this is so and where things might have gone awry. Section 1 gives an overview of general methodology, basic mereology, and plural logic. Section 2 explores questions about the nature of composition and decomposition. Does composition always occur? Never? Sometimes? Is the universe, at rock bottom, just many partless bits (simples)? Or do the parts have parts all the way down (gunk)? Section 3 looks at arguments for and against the thesis that composition is identity, with a healthy bias in its favor. In the wake of this discussion, we reconsider our methods of counting. We conclude with a return to the odd universe argument and suggestions on how best to resist it.

Parts and Wholes in Semantics

Friederike Moltmann
Parts and Wholes in Semantics Book PDF

Author : Friederike Moltmann
Publisher : OUP USA
Page : 269 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 1997-08-14
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780195095746

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Parts and Wholes in Semantics by Friederike Moltmann Pdf

Moltmann provides a unified account of a broad range of English and cross linguistic data involving expressions of the notions of "part" and "whole". She presents a new theory of part structures in which the notion of an integrated whole plays a fundamental role, and in which the part structure of an entity may vary across different situations, perspectives, and dimensions.

Powers, Parts and Wholes

Christopher J. Austin,Anna Marmodoro,Andrea Roselli
Powers Parts and Wholes Book PDF

Author : Christopher J. Austin,Anna Marmodoro,Andrea Roselli
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 261 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2023-08-25
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781000931112

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Powers, Parts and Wholes by Christopher J. Austin,Anna Marmodoro,Andrea Roselli Pdf

This volume offers a fresh exploration of the parts–whole relations within a power and among powers. While the metaphysics of powers has been extensively examined in the literature, powers have yet to be studied from the perspective of their mereology. Powers are often assumed to be atomic, and yet what they can do—and what can happen to them—is complex. But if powers are simple, how can they have complex manifestations? Can powers have parts? According to which rules of composition do powers compose into powers? Given the centrality of powers in current scientific as well as philosophical thought, recognizing and understanding the ontological differences between atomic and mereologically complex powers is important, for both philosophy and science. The first part of this book explores how powers divide; the second part, how powers compose. The final part showcases some specific study cases in the domains of quantum mechanics and psychology. Powers, Parts and Wholes will be of interest to professional philosophers and graduate students working in metaphysics, philosophy of science and logic.

Plato on Parts and Wholes

Verity Harte,Professor Verity Harte
Plato on Parts and Wholes Book PDF

Author : Verity Harte,Professor Verity Harte
Publisher : Oxford University Press on Demand
Page : 322 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2002-09-19
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780198236757

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Plato on Parts and Wholes by Verity Harte,Professor Verity Harte Pdf

What is the relation between a whole and its parts? Is a whole identical to its parts, or is there some other relation of composition? These questions are much discussed in modern philosophy; but Plato's rich discussion of composition has been neglected. Verity Harte provides the first sustained examination of this Platonic discussion and explains its relations to modern debates. She reveals how, in several late works, Plato criticizes the view that a whole is identical to itsparts. She then goes on to discuss the intriguing alternative conception of wholes he offers in its place.This book is an invaluable resource both for scholars of Plato and for modern metaphysicians. For scholars of Plato, Harte's careful textual analysis provides fresh insights into some of his most difficult works. For modern metaphysicians, she illuminates the contemporary debate by placing it within an historical context.

Mereology and the Sciences

Claudio Calosi,Pierluigi Graziani
Mereology and the Sciences Book PDF

Author : Claudio Calosi,Pierluigi Graziani
Publisher : Springer
Page : 389 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2014-06-02
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783319053561

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Mereology and the Sciences by Claudio Calosi,Pierluigi Graziani Pdf

This volume is the first systematic and thorough attempt to investigate the relation and the possible applications of mereology to contemporary science. It gathers contributions from leading scholars in the field and covers a wide range of scientific theories and practices such as physics, mathematics, chemistry, biology, computer science and engineering. Throughout the volume, a variety of foundational issues are investigated both from the formal and the empirical point of view. The first section looks at the topic as it applies to physics. The section addresses questions of persistence and composition within quantum and relativistic physics and concludes by scrutinizing the possibility to capture continuity of motion as described by our best physical theories within gunky space times. The second part tackles mathematics and shows how to provide a foundation for point-free geometry of space switching to fuzzy-logic. The relation between mereological sums and set-theoretic suprema is investigated and issues about different mereological perspectives such as classical and natural Mereology are thoroughly discussed. The third section in the volume looks at natural science. Several questions from biology, medicine and chemistry are investigated. From the perspective of biology, there is an attempt to provide axioms for inferring statements about part hood between two biological entities from statements about their spatial relation. From the perspective of chemistry, it is argued that classical mereological frameworks are not adequate to capture the practices of chemistry in that they consider neither temporal nor modal parameters. The final part introduces computer science and engineering. A new formal mereological framework in which an indeterminate relation of part hood is taken as a primitive notion is constructed and then applied to a wide variety of disciplines from robotics to knowledge engineering. A formal framework for discrete mereotopology and its applications is developed and finally, the importance of mereology for the relatively new science of domain engineering is also discussed.

Parts and Wholes in Semantics

Friederike Moltmann
Parts and Wholes in Semantics Book PDF

Author : Friederike Moltmann
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 269 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 1997-08-14
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780195344653

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Parts and Wholes in Semantics by Friederike Moltmann Pdf

This book develops a unified account of expressions involving the notions of "part" and "whole " in which principles of the individuation of part structures play a central role. Moltmann presents a range of new empirical generalizations with data from English and a variety of other languages involving plurals, mass nouns, adnominal and adverbial modifiers such as as a whole, together, and alone, nominal and adverbial quanitfiers ranging over parts, and expressions of completion such as completely and partly. She develops a new theory of part structures which differs from traditional mereological theories in that the notion of an integrated whole plays a central role and in that the part structure of an entity is allowed to vary across different situations, perspectives, and dimensions.

John Duns Scotus on Parts, Wholes, and Hylomorphism

Thomas M. Ward
John Duns Scotus on Parts Wholes and Hylomorphism Book PDF

Author : Thomas M. Ward
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 210 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2014-07-17
Category : History
ISBN : 9789004278974

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John Duns Scotus on Parts, Wholes, and Hylomorphism by Thomas M. Ward Pdf

In John Duns Scotus on Parts, Wholes, and Hylomorphism, Thomas M. Ward examines Scotus's arguments for his distinctive version of hylomorphism, the view that at least some material objects are composites of matter and form. It considers Scotus's reasons for adopting hylomorphism, and his accounts of how matter and form compose a substance, how extended parts, such as the organs of an organism, compose a substance, and how other sorts of things, such as the four chemical elements (earth, air, fire, and water) and all the things in the world, fail to compose a substance. It highlights the extent to which Scotus draws on his metaphysics of essential order to explain why some things can compose substance and why others cannot. Throughout the book, contemporary versions of hylomorphism are discussed in ways that both illumine Scotus's own views and suggest ways to advance contemporary debates.

Conceptualizing Society

Adam Kuper
Conceptualizing Society Book PDF

Author : Adam Kuper
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 163 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2002-03-11
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781134926497

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Conceptualizing Society by Adam Kuper Pdf

The social anthropologists represented in this volume share the view that, together, ethnography and theoretically informed comparison constitute a single, plausible enterprise, and they reject both the postmodernist criticism of ethnography as epistemologically problematic, and the opposing view that no theory could possibly do justice to the insights and complex descriptions of ethnography. In this volume, the first papers taken from the first conference of the newly-formed European Association of Social Anthropologists, the contributors discuss the various models at the disposal of the modern ethnographer. Their concerns range through structuralism, postmodernism and world systems theory, and the volume as a whole offers a lively account of the state of general theory in social anthropology today.

Parts and Wholes

John Chapman,Bisserka Gaydarska,Ana Raduncheva,Bistra Koleva
Parts and Wholes Book PDF

Author : John Chapman,Bisserka Gaydarska,Ana Raduncheva,Bistra Koleva
Publisher : Oxbow Books Limited
Page : 270 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Social Science
ISBN : IND:30000111284224

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Parts and Wholes by John Chapman,Bisserka Gaydarska,Ana Raduncheva,Bistra Koleva Pdf

This is a highly original work that attempts to take fragmentation studies further towards integrating archaeology, social anthropology and material culture, and concerns the relationship between whole objects and broken ones. The authors construct a new fragmentation premise and examine its implications for the Balkans in the Neolithic, using case studies taken from the Balkans and Greece. Key issues covered include a biographical method of considering objects and their relation to the creation of personhood; methodological issues of site formation; a questioning of the assumption that excavated data is a more or less accurate reflection of the operation of past social practices; and a discussion of what happened to pieces missing from an assemblage. It concludes by seeking to put Balkan prehistory back together again by looking at variations in social practices and the construction of personhood at different socio-spatial levels.

The Conscious Universe

Menas Kafatos,Robert Nadeau
The Conscious Universe Book PDF

Author : Menas Kafatos,Robert Nadeau
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461213086

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The Conscious Universe by Menas Kafatos,Robert Nadeau Pdf

A discussion of the implications for philosophy of recent experimental results that confirm some counterintuitive aspects of the way matter behaves. The authors show that a generalised principle of complementarity is pervasive not only in physical theories such as cosmological models of the universe, but also in the construction of all human realities. They discuss in detail Bells inequalities for quantum mechanical measurements as well as recent experiments which imply that even remote parts of the universe are "entangled." They go on to suggest that consciousness can no longer be divorced from the way science operates, and conclude by claiming that this entails a new way of understanding the universe - one that could obviate much of the current conflict between science and religion while providing at the same time a basis for valuation that is better suited for co-ordinating all human experience. This second edition has been completely rewritten and brought up to date.

Readings on Edmund Husserl’s Logical Investigations

J.N. Mohanty
Readings on Edmund Husserl s Logical Investigations Book PDF

Author : J.N. Mohanty
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789401010559

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Readings on Edmund Husserl’s Logical Investigations by J.N. Mohanty Pdf

I Edmund Husserl's Logische Untersuchungen is, by any standard and also by nearly common consent, a great philosophical work. Within the phenom enological movement, it is generally recognised that the breakthrough to pure phenomenology - not merely to eidetic phenomenology, but also to transcendental phenomenology - was first made in these investiga tions. But in the context of philosophy of logic and also of theory of know ledge in general, these investigations took decisive steps forward. Amongst their major achievements generally recognised are of course: the final death-blow to psychologism as a theory of logic in the Prolegomena, a new conception of analyticity which vastly improves upon Kant's, a theory of meaning which is many-sided in scope and widely ramified in its appli cations, a conception of pure logical grammar that eventually became epoch-making, a powerful restatement of the conception of truth in terms of 'evidence' and a theory of knowledge in terms of the dynamic movement from empty intention to graduated fulfillment. There are many other detailed arguments, counter-arguments, conceptual distinctions and phenomenolo gical descriptions which deserve the utmost attention, examination and assimilation on the part of any serious investigator. With the publication of J. N. Findlay's English translation of the Untersuchungen, it is expected that this work will find its proper place in the curriculum of the graduate programs in philosophy in the English speaking world.

The Subject(s) of Phenomenology

Iulian Apostolescu
The Subject s of Phenomenology Book PDF

Author : Iulian Apostolescu
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 380 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2019-12-19
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783030293574

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The Subject(s) of Phenomenology by Iulian Apostolescu Pdf

Bringing together established researchers and emerging scholars alike to discuss new readings of Husserl and to reignite the much needed discussion of what phenomenology actually is and can possibly be about, this volume sets out to critically re-evaluate (and challenge) the predominant interpretations of Husserl’s philosophy, and to adapt phenomenology to the specific philosophical challenges and context of the 21st century. “What is phenomenology?”, Maurice Merleau-Ponty asks at the beginning of his Phenomenology of Perception – and he continues: “It may seem strange that this question still has to be asked half a century after the first works of Husserl. It is, however, far from being resolved.” Even today, more than half a century after Merleau-Ponty’s magnum opus, the answer is in many ways still up for grasp. While it may seem obvious that the main subject of phenomenological inquiry is, in fact, the subject, it is anything but self evident what this precisely implies: Considering the immense variety of different themes and methodological self-revisions found in Husserl’s philosophy – from its Brentanian beginnings to its transcendental re-interpretation and, last but not least, to its ‘crypto-deconstruction’ in the revisions of his early manuscripts and in his later work –, one cannot but acknowledge the fact that ‘the’ subject of phenomenology marks an irreducible plurality of possible subjects. Paying tribute to this irreducible plurality the volume sets out to develop interpretative takes on the phenomenological tradition which transcend both its naive celebration and its brute rejection, to re-articulate the positions of other philosophers within the framework of Husserl’s thought, and to engage in an investigative dialogue between traditionally opposed camps within phenomenology and beyond.

The Sociogony

Mark P. Worrell
The Sociogony Book PDF

Author : Mark P. Worrell
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 361 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2018-11-26
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789004384026

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The Sociogony by Mark P. Worrell Pdf

The Sociogony attempts to forge a new strain of critical social theory by repositioning Durkheim’s relationship to Hegel and Marx. A fresh look at social facts, authority, and processes of genesis, rule, and decay provide a stable social ontology for a world turned upside down.

The Conscious Universe

Menas Kafatos,Robert Nadeau
The Conscious Universe Book PDF

Author : Menas Kafatos,Robert Nadeau
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 214 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781468403602

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The Conscious Universe by Menas Kafatos,Robert Nadeau Pdf

This discussion resulted from a dialogue which began some seven years ago between a physicist who specializes in astrophysics, general relativity, and the foundations of quantum theory, and a student of cultural history who had done post-doctoral work in the history and philosophy of science. Both of us at that time were awaiting the results of some experiments being conducted under the direction of the physicist Alain Aspect at the University of Paris-South. ! The experiments were the last in a series designed to test some predictions based on a mathematical 2 theorem published in 1964 by John Bell. There was no expectation that the results of these experiments would provide the basis for developing new technologies. The questions which the experiments were designed to answer concerned the relation ship between physical reality and physical theory in the branch of physics known as quantum mechanics. Like most questions raised by physicists which lead to startling new insights, they were disarmingly simple and direct. Is quantum physics, asked Bell, a self-consistent theory whose predictions would hold in a new class of experiments, or would the results reveal that the apparent challenges of quantum physics to the understanding in classical physics of the relationship between physical theory and physical reality were merely illusory? Answering this question in actual experiments could also, suggested Bell, lead to another, quite dramatic, result.