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Author : Adam B. Jaffe,Manuel Trajtenberg
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 502 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 026260065X
A study of how patents and citation data can serve empirical research on innovation and technological change.
Author : Adam B. Jaffe,Josh Lerner
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2011-05-27
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1400837340
The United States patent system has become sand rather than lubricant in the wheels of American progress. Such is the premise behind this provocative and timely book by two of the nation's leading experts on patents and economic innovation. Innovation and Its Discontents tells the story of how recent changes in patenting--an institutional process that was created to nurture innovation--have wreaked havoc on innovators, businesses, and economic productivity. Jaffe and Lerner, who have spent the past two decades studying the patent system, show how legal changes initiated in the 1980s converted the system from a stimulator of innovation to a creator of litigation and uncertainty that threatens the innovation process itself. In one telling vignette, Jaffe and Lerner cite a patent litigation campaign brought by a a semi-conductor chip designer that claims control of an entire category of computer memory chips. The firm's claims are based on a modest 15-year old invention, whose scope and influenced were broadened by secretly manipulating an industry-wide cooperative standard-setting body. Such cases are largely the result of two changes in the patent climate, Jaffe and Lerner contend. First, new laws have made it easier for businesses and inventors to secure patents on products of all kinds, and second, the laws have tilted the table to favor patent holders, no matter how tenuous their claims. After analyzing the economic incentives created by the current policies, Jaffe and Lerner suggest a three-pronged solution for restoring the patent system: create incentives to motivate parties who have information about the novelty of a patent; provide multiple levels of patent review; and replace juries with judges and special masters to preside over certain aspects of infringement cases. Well-argued and engagingly written, Innovation and Its Discontents offers a fresh approach for enhancing both the nation's creativity and its economic growth.
Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 158 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2009-02-05
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264056442
This manual provides guiding principles for the use of patent data in the context of S&T measurement, and recommendations for the compilation and interpretation of patent indicators in this context.
Author : Grid Thoma
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 310 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2016-06-23
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781317405719
Suggests empirical justification to its arguments, both for the United States and Europe, covering two of the most important patenting institutions (EP, USPTO). Offers a composite index for measuring patent valuation and analyses this value with respect to combined IP strategies.
Author : Alina Wernick
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 450 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2021-05-13
Category : Law
ISBN : 9783030722579
The patent system is based on "one-patent-per-product" presumption and therefore fails to sustain complex follow-on innovations that contain a number of patents. The book explains that follow-on innovations may be subject to market failures such as hold-ups and excessive royalties. For decades, scholars have debated whether the market problems can be solved with voluntary licensing i.e., open innovation, or with compulsory liability rules. The book concludes that neither approach is sufficient. On the one hand, incentives to engage in open innovation practices involving patents are insufficient. On the other hand, the existing compulsory liability rules in patent and competition law are not tailored to address follow-on innovator's interests. To transcend this problem, the author proposes a compulsory liability rule against the suppression of follow-on innovation, that paradoxically, fosters early-on voluntary licensing between patent holders and follow-on innovators. The book is aimed at patent and competition law scholars and practitioners, patent attorneys, managers, engineers and economists who either engage in open innovation involving patents or conduct research on the topic. It also offers insights to policy and law-makers reviewing the possibilities to foster open innovation initiatives or adapt the scope of patent remedies or employ compulsory licenses for patents.
Author : Jieun Kim,Buyong Jeong,Daejung Kim
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 217 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2021-07-06
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789811629303
Through the prisms of a data scientist, a patent attorney, and a designer, this book demystifies the complexity of patent data and its structure and reveals their hidden connections by employing elaborate data analytics and visualizations using a network map. This book provides a practical guide to introduce and apply patent network analytics and visualization tools in your business. We incorporate case studies from renowned companies such as Apple, Dyson, Adobe, Bose, Samsung and more, to scrutinise how their underlying values of patent network drive innovation in their business. Finally, this book advances readers’ perspective of patent gazettes as big data and as a tool for innovation analytics when coupled with Artificial Intelligence.
Author : Bruno van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 892 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2017-08-30
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789813141148
This invaluable book provides a comprehensive overview of twenty years of research on the economics of innovation and patent policies. Edited by Bruno van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie, the papers in this volume witness twenty years of advanced empirical research — triggered by intensive collaboration and inspired by his own professional experience at the OECD, METI and the European Patent Office. The Editor's publications in these fields have greatly contributed to better understand how innovation can be stimulated, how it can be measured, through which channels it contributes to growth, with a particular emphasis on the role of patent systems. In the introductory chapter, the Editor provides an overview of each subfield of investigation, by explaining the genesis of the research projects and adding some personal history. The book first displays major empirical findings on the effectiveness of science and technology policies in stimulating R&D, on how these policies affect the contribution of R&D to economic growth, and how to measure international R&D spillovers and what are their most effective channels. The policies that aim at stimulating innovation include R&D subsidies, public R&D, and R&D tax credits. The chapters that follow present foundational work on patent count methodologies aiming at improving innovation metrics, as well as creative contributions on patent valuation models. The book then presents pioneering contributions on the design of patent systems, including a thorough work on the role of fees, far-reaching analyses on quality, and critical contributions on the governance of patent systems in general and the European patent system in particular.
Author : National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy,Committee on Intellectual Property Rights in the Knowledge-Based Economy
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2003-09-11
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309086363
This volume assembles papers commissioned by the National Research Council's Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy (STEP) to inform judgments about the significant institutional and policy changes in the patent system made over the past two decades. The chapters fall into three areas. The first four chapters consider the determinants and effects of changes in patent "quality." Quality refers to whether patents issued by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) meet the statutory standards of patentability, including novelty, nonobviousness, and utility. The fifth and sixth chapters consider the growth in patent litigation, which may itself be a function of changes in the quality of contested patents. The final three chapters explore controversies associated with the extension of patents into new domains of technology, including biomedicine, software, and business methods.
Author : Bronwyn H. Hall,Adam B. Jaffe,Manuel Trajtenberg
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 40 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Bibliographical citations
ISBN : OCLC:247434324
As patent data become more available in machine-readable form, an increasing number of researchers have begun to use measures based on patents and their citations as indicators of technological output and information flow. This paper explores the economic meaning of these citation-based patent measures using the financial market valuation of the firms that own the patents. Using a new and comprehensive dataset containing over 4800 U. S. Manufacturing firms and their patenting activity for the past 30 years, we explore the contributions of R&D spending, patents, and citation-weighted patents to measures of Tobin's Q for the firms. We find that citation-weighted patent stocks are more highly correlated with market value than patent stocks themselves and that this fact is due mainly to the high valuation placed on firms that hold very highly cited patents
Author : Freddy Pachys
Publisher : Vernon Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2017-02-24
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1622732138
Not all innovations are equal. Though recent economic literature on the evaluation of technological change acknowledges this reality, actual evaluation methods suffer from numerous limitations. Technological Innovation Index uses patent citation analysis to highlight the enormous variation in the characteristics, importance and evolution of technology over time and outlines a set of sophisticated tools for its analysis. Prominent among them is ?Patent Importance Technology Factor? (PITF), an improved algorithm for the calculation of patent impact using citation scores. The usefulness of PITF is illustrated by examining the evolution paths of high-impact innovations. The methods proposed have important implications for the measurement of technological change and would be of interest to a wide range of patent specialists, including economists, technology evaluators, finance and law professionals."The work of Fredrick Pachys signifies a further and important contribution towards our ability to quantify in a meaningful way the "importance" or "impact" of patents. There is no question that in this era of accelerated innovations we need better indicators of the significance of patents, both for academic purposes and for policy - PITF is a milestone in that direction."Prof. Manuel TrajtenbergTel-Aviv University, Author of "Patents, Citations and Innovations: A Window on the Knowledge Economy" (with Adam Jaffe). Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2002.
Author : Birgitte Andersen
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 374 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2006-01-01
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781847201522
The book presents an impressive line-up of experts in the increasingly relevant field of law and economics, an area that has particular relevance to the issue of IP rights. . . an excellent collection of cutting-edge research. . . an essential read for those interested in the economic impact of IPRs. . . a highly recommended collection. Andrés Guadamuz, Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice Intellectual property policy has been framed too commonly in terms of refining and strengthening legal rights. As intellectual property grows in scope and importance, the limitations of this narrow approach have become all too apparent. This important collection puts the policy problems in proper perspective by assembling the work of leading scholars and researchers who examine intellectual property rights in terms of how they actually work in legal, economic, and institutional contexts. Brian Kahin, University of Michigan and formerly White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, US For a long time we have thought about IPRs as a policy instrument to avoid a "tragedy of commons". The essays collected by Birgitte Andersen show that in the XXI century economy there is another, and so far underestimated, danger: a sort of "tragedy of markets" where every knowledge or cultural expression becomes privatised. This will generate a greater knowledge and culture divide, with an increased corporate dominance. Those who are afraid of the dangers of exclusion and believe that open access to science, technology and culture will lead us in a more intriguing world will find convincing arguments and explanations in this volume. Daniele Archibugi, Italian National Research Council, Italy There is a growing need to understand the role of the regulation of intellectual property rights (IPRs), in order not only to achieve economic performance, growth and sustainable development at corporate, sectoral and global levels, but also to provide a higher quality of life for communities worldwide. Intellectual Property Rights is cutting edge in addressing current debates affecting businesses, industry sectors and society today, and in focusing not only on the enabling welfare effects of IPR systems, but also on some of the possible adverse effects of IPR systems. The main areas covered in the book are: the global commons in an era of corporate dominance and privatisation of the public domain, including science, culture, and healthcare under TRIPS the rationales for IPRs, and the importance of an appropriate design of an IPR regime in achieving its objectives opening the black box of IPR offices and critically reviewing how they affect economic performance in both theory and practice coordinating the institutions (state versus sector institutions, knowledge networks, innovation systems) creating and extracting financial and non-financial value from patents and copyrights. This book challenges the existing mainstream thinking and analytical frameworks dominating the theoretical literature on IPRs within economics, management, politics, law and regulation theory. It is relevant for policymakers, business analysts, industrial and business economists, researchers and students.
Author : Adam B. Jaffe,Manuel Trajtenberg
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 52 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Bibliographical citations
ISBN : OSU:32435057675878
This paper explores the patterns of citations among patents taken out by inventors in the U.S., the U.K., France, Germany and Japan. We find (1) patents assigned to the same firm are more likely to cite each other, and come sooner than other citations; (2) patents in the same patent class are approximately 100 times as likely to cite each other as patents from different patent classes there is not a strong time pattern to this effect; (3) patents whose inventors reside in the same country are typically 30 to 80% more likely to cite each other than inventors from other countries, and these citations come sooner; and (4) there are clear country-specific citation tendencies; e.g., Japanese citations typically come sooner than those of other countries.
Author : Oliver Gassmann,Martin A. Bader,Mark James Thompson
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 275 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2020-11-28
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783030590093
This book provides an overview of the common concepts and building blocks of patent management. It addresses executives in the areas of innovation, R & D, patent and intellectual property management as well as academics and students.The authors give valuable information on the characteristics of patent and intellectual property management, based on the collaboration with companies and organizations from Europe, China, Japan, Argentina, Brazil, India, Canada and the US. A reference for managers who want to bring information technology innovation with a clear intellectual property strategy to the market. A very readable book. Thomas Landolt, Managing Director, IBM A really comprehensive, all-in book about Patents – strategy, value, management and commercialization. And not forgetting what they are for – foster innovation. Dr. Joerg Thomaier, Head of IP Bayer Group
Author : Mark P. Carpenter
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 66 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 1981
Category : Patents
ISBN : PSU:000009421356
Author : Adam B. Jaffe,Manuel Trajtenberg
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 48 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Patents
ISBN : IND:30000113791531
The extent to which new technological knowledge flows across institutional and national boundaries is a question of great importance for public policy and the modeling of economic growth. This paper develops a model of the process generating subsequent citations to patents as a lens for viewing knowledge diffusion. We find that the probability of patent citation over time after a patent is granted fits well to a double-exponential function that can be interpreted as the mixture of diffusion and obsolescence functions. The results indicate that diffusion is geographically localized. Controlling for other factors, within-country citations are more numerous and come more quickly than those that cross country boundaries.