Growth R D Spillovers And The Role Of Patent Systems

Author : Bruno van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 892 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2017-08-30
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789813141148

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Growth, R&D Spillovers and the Role of Patent Systems by Bruno van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie Pdf

This invaluable book provides a comprehensive overview of twenty years of research on the economics of innovation and patent policies. Edited by Bruno van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie, the papers in this volume witness twenty years of advanced empirical research — triggered by intensive collaboration and inspired by his own professional experience at the OECD, METI and the European Patent Office. The Editor's publications in these fields have greatly contributed to better understand how innovation can be stimulated, how it can be measured, through which channels it contributes to growth, with a particular emphasis on the role of patent systems. In the introductory chapter, the Editor provides an overview of each subfield of investigation, by explaining the genesis of the research projects and adding some personal history. The book first displays major empirical findings on the effectiveness of science and technology policies in stimulating R&D, on how these policies affect the contribution of R&D to economic growth, and how to measure international R&D spillovers and what are their most effective channels. The policies that aim at stimulating innovation include R&D subsidies, public R&D, and R&D tax credits. The chapters that follow present foundational work on patent count methodologies aiming at improving innovation metrics, as well as creative contributions on patent valuation models. The book then presents pioneering contributions on the design of patent systems, including a thorough work on the role of fees, far-reaching analyses on quality, and critical contributions on the governance of patent systems in general and the European patent system in particular.

Author : Zoltán J. Ács,David B. Audretsch
Publisher : Now Publishers Inc
Page : 60 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781933019185

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Entrepreneurship, Innovation, and Technological Change by Zoltán J. Ács,David B. Audretsch Pdf

Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Technological Change links the prevalent theory from the entrepreneurship literature concerning opportunity recognition and exploitation to economic theory, in particular the model of the knowledge production function.

Author : National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy,Committee on Intellectual Property Rights in the Knowledge-Based Economy
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 186 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2004-10-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309089104

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A Patent System for the 21st Century by National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy,Committee on Intellectual Property Rights in the Knowledge-Based Economy Pdf

The U.S. patent system is in an accelerating race with human ingenuity and investments in innovation. In many respects the system has responded with admirable flexibility, but the strain of continual technological change and the greater importance ascribed to patents in a knowledge economy are exposing weaknesses including questionable patent quality, rising transaction costs, impediments to the dissemination of information through patents, and international inconsistencies. A panel including a mix of legal expertise, economists, technologists, and university and corporate officials recommends significant changes in the way the patent system operates. A Patent System for the 21st Century urges creation of a mechanism for post-grant challenges to newly issued patents, reinvigoration of the non-obviousness standard to quality for a patent, strengthening of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, simplified and less costly litigation, harmonization of the U.S., European, and Japanese examination process, and protection of some research from patent infringement liability.

Author : Adam B. Jaffe,Josh Lerner
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2011-05-27
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1400837340

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Innovation and Its Discontents by Adam B. Jaffe,Josh Lerner Pdf

The United States patent system has become sand rather than lubricant in the wheels of American progress. Such is the premise behind this provocative and timely book by two of the nation's leading experts on patents and economic innovation. Innovation and Its Discontents tells the story of how recent changes in patenting--an institutional process that was created to nurture innovation--have wreaked havoc on innovators, businesses, and economic productivity. Jaffe and Lerner, who have spent the past two decades studying the patent system, show how legal changes initiated in the 1980s converted the system from a stimulator of innovation to a creator of litigation and uncertainty that threatens the innovation process itself. In one telling vignette, Jaffe and Lerner cite a patent litigation campaign brought by a a semi-conductor chip designer that claims control of an entire category of computer memory chips. The firm's claims are based on a modest 15-year old invention, whose scope and influenced were broadened by secretly manipulating an industry-wide cooperative standard-setting body. Such cases are largely the result of two changes in the patent climate, Jaffe and Lerner contend. First, new laws have made it easier for businesses and inventors to secure patents on products of all kinds, and second, the laws have tilted the table to favor patent holders, no matter how tenuous their claims. After analyzing the economic incentives created by the current policies, Jaffe and Lerner suggest a three-pronged solution for restoring the patent system: create incentives to motivate parties who have information about the novelty of a patent; provide multiple levels of patent review; and replace juries with judges and special masters to preside over certain aspects of infringement cases. Well-argued and engagingly written, Innovation and Its Discontents offers a fresh approach for enhancing both the nation's creativity and its economic growth.

Author : Petra Moser
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 270 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2021-10-08
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780226779058

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Economics of Research and Innovation in Agriculture by Petra Moser Pdf

"The challenges facing agriculture are plenty. Along with the world's growing population and diminishing amounts of water and arable land, the gradual increase in severe weather presents new challenges and imperatives for producing new, more resilient crops to feed a more crowded planet in the twenty-first century. Innovation has historically helped agriculture keep pace with earth's social, population, and ecological changes. In the last 50 years, mechanical, biological, and chemical innovations have more than doubled agricultural output while barely changing input quantities. The ample investment behind these innovations was available because of a high rate of return: a 2007 paper found that the median ROI in agriculture was 45 percent between 1965 and 2005. This landscape has changed. Today many of the world's wealthier countries have scaled back their share of GDP devoted to agricultural R&D amid evidence of diminishing returns. Universities, which have historically been a major source of agricultural innovation, increasingly depend on funding from industry rather than government to fund their research. As Upton Sinclair wrote of the effects industry influences, "It is difficult to get a man to understand something when his salary depends upon his not understanding it." In this volume of the NBER Conference Report series, editor Petra Moser offers an empirical, applied-economic framework to the different elements of agricultural R&D, particularly as they relate to the shift from public to private funding. Individual chapters examine the sources of agricultural knowledge and investigate challenges for measuring the returns to the adoption of new agricultural technologies, examine knowledge spillovers from universities to agricultural innovation, and explore interactions between university engagement and scientific productivity. Additional analysis of agricultural venture capital point to it as an emerging and future source of resource in this essential domain"--

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 158 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2009-02-05
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264056442

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OECD Patent Statistics Manual by OECD Pdf

This manual provides guiding principles for the use of patent data in the context of S&T measurement, and recommendations for the compilation and interpretation of patent indicators in this context.

Author : Michael Neumann
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 281 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2021-07-05
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783658331221

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Motives and Functions of Patenting in Public Basic Science by Michael Neumann Pdf

Taking German public basic research as an example, this book explores how the ongoing implementation of knowledge and technology transfer as the Third Mission of academic science creates not only new incentives for academic patenting, but also triggers new patenting motives and strategies of researchers and organizations. Analyzing these motives and strategies, the book highlights how the complex regulatory interplay of the patent system, research policy and self-governed academic communities creates a situation in which new patent functions emerge: beyond their intended function as a protection for upstream inventions, patents become a signaling device for scientists to communicate their commitment and competence in the Third Mission. As an exploratory study, this book combines qualitative empirical research with concepts and insights from multiple fields such as economics, law, political sciences and regulation. In consequence, the book addresses anyone interested in patenting incentives and motives and their impact on the functional change and regulatory effectiveness of patents in polycentric regulatory environments.

Author : Adam B. Jaffe,Manuel Trajtenberg
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 502 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 026260065X

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Patents, Citations, and Innovations by Adam B. Jaffe,Manuel Trajtenberg Pdf

A study of how patents and citation data can serve empirical research on innovation and technological change.

Author : Nick Bloom
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Business enterprises
ISBN : 0753018152

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Identifying Technology Spillovers and Product Market Rivalry by Nick Bloom Pdf

"Government policies to support R & D are predicated on empirical evidence of R & D "spillovers" between firms. But there are two countervailing R & D spillovers: positive effects from technology spillovers and negative effects from business stealing by product market rivals. We develop a general framework showing that technology and product market spillovers have testable implications for a range of performance indicators, and exploit these using distinct measures of a firm's position in technology space and product market space. We show using panel data on U.S. firms between 1981 and 2001 that both technology and product market spillovers operate, but that net social returns are several times larger than private returns. The spillover effects are also revealed when we analyze three high-tech sectors in detail - pharmaceuticals, computer hardware and telecommunication equipment. Using the model we evaluate three R & D subsidy policies and show that the typical focus of support for small and medium firms may be misplaced."

Author : World Intellectual Property Organization
Publisher : WIPO
Page : 230 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2009-01-01
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789280517910

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The Economics of Intellectual Property. Suggestions for Further Research in Developing Countries and Countries with Economies in Transition by World Intellectual Property Organization Pdf

The series of papers in this publication were commissioned from renowned international economists from all regions. They review the existing empirical literature on six selected themes relating to the economics of intellectual property, identify the key research questions, point out research gaps and explore possible avenues for future research.

Author : Rachel Griffith,Stephen Redding,John Van Reenen
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 88 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Economics
ISBN : UVA:X006091537

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Mapping the Two Faces of R&D by Rachel Griffith,Stephen Redding,John Van Reenen Pdf

Author : Takatoshi Ito,Anne O. Krueger
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 396 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2007-12-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780226387048

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The Role of Foreign Direct Investment in East Asian Economic Development by Takatoshi Ito,Anne O. Krueger Pdf

The international flow of long-term private capital has increased dramatically in the 1990s. In fact, many policymakers now consider private foreign capital to be an essential resource for the acceleration of economic growth. This volume focuses attention on the microeconomic determinants and effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the East Asian region, allowing researchers to explore the overall structure of FDI, to offer case studies of individual countries, and to consider their insights, both general and particular, within the context of current economic theory.

Author : National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy,Committee on Comparative Innovation Policy: Best Practice for the 21st Century
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 302 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2009-05-15
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780309136624

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21st Century Innovation Systems for Japan and the United States by National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy,Committee on Comparative Innovation Policy: Best Practice for the 21st Century Pdf

Recognizing that a capacity to innovate and commercialize new high-technology products is increasingly a key for the economic growth in the environment of tighter environmental and resource constraints, governments around the world have taken active steps to strengthen their national innovation systems. These steps underscore the belief of these governments that the rising costs and risks associated with new potentially high-payoff technologies, their spillover or externality-generating effects and the growing global competition, require national R&D programs to support the innovations by new and existing high-technology firms within their borders. The National Research Council's Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy (STEP) has embarked on a study of selected foreign innovation programs in comparison with major U.S. programs. The "21st Century Innovation Systems for the United States and Japan: Lessons from a Decade of Change" symposium reviewed government programs and initiatives to support the development of small- and medium-sized enterprises, government-university- industry collaboration and consortia, and the impact of the intellectual property regime on innovation. This book brings together the papers presented at the conference and provides a historical context of the issues discussed at the symposium.

Author : Jyrki Ali-Yrkkö,Andrea Richter Hume,Reda Cherif,Fuad Hasanov,Natalia Kuosmanen,Mika Pajarinen
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 30 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2021-10-29
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781589065291

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Knowledge Spillovers From Superstar Tech-Firms: The Case of Nokia by Jyrki Ali-Yrkkö,Andrea Richter Hume,Reda Cherif,Fuad Hasanov,Natalia Kuosmanen,Mika Pajarinen Pdf

Do workers hired from superstar tech-firms contribute to better firm performance? To address this question, we analyze the effects of tacit knowledge spillovers from Nokia in the context of a quasi-natural experiment in Finland, the closure of Nokia’s mobile device division in 2014 and the massive labor movement it implied. We apply a two-stage difference-in-differences approach with heterogeneous treatment to estimate the causal effects of hiring former Nokia employees. Our results provide new evidence supporting the positive causal role of former Nokia workers on firm performance. The evidence of the positive spillovers on firms is particularly strong in terms of employment and value added.

Author : Pier Paolo Patrucco
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 323 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2014-09-25
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781136755279

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The Economics of Knowledge Generation and Distribution by Pier Paolo Patrucco Pdf

Contemporary capitalistic systems have been undergoing profound transformations determined by the transition towards the so-called knowledge based economy, i.e. a competitive system based on the capabilities firms have to create, use and circulate knowledge. These transformations concern both the characteristics of productive and innovative processes, and the resources used in these activities. This book captures these changes, where traditional R&D investments undertaken internally by firms are increasingly and strategically complemented by external sources of innovation and new knowledge. Collaborations between firms, and between firms and other organizations, as well as the mobility of human capital, are strategic processes in order to share and circulate knowledge and competencies. They are also key determinants in the creation of new knowledge and innovation, and ultimately in growth dynamics. The circulation and distribution of knowledge is now a key input in the production of knowledge. Knowledge and innovation are understood as the result of collective and interactive processes at the system level, and less at the micro level. In other words, new knowledge production is less and less the result of individualistic behaviours of the firms and much more the effect of explicit and pro-active interactions and transactions put in place by local networks of innovators. In this perspective, economic space is much more defined by the quality of the interactions among actors rather than by their mere technological, sectoral or geographical proximity. This book brings together new conceptual and empirical contributions and blends the analysis of the technological and geographical spaces in which innovation and knowledge are produced.