Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics Of Antimalarial Drugs Used In Combination Therapy

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Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Antimalarial Drugs Used in Combination Therapy

Qigui Li,Mark R. Hickman
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Antimalarial Drugs Used in Combination Therapy Book PDF

Author : Qigui Li,Mark R. Hickman
Publisher : Bentham Science Publishers
Page : 536 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2015-06-04
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781681080543

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Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Antimalarial Drugs Used in Combination Therapy by Qigui Li,Mark R. Hickman Pdf

Malaria takes a great toll on human health and well-being, particularly in tropical regions including Sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, Oceania and parts of the Americas. In recent years, some Plasmodium strains have become increasingly resistant to all classes of conventional antimalarial drugs currently in use. Researchers have, therefore, stepped up efforts to revise atimalarial drug policies, develop new drugs, and implement new strategies to combat this disease. In order to prevent widespread resistance, antimalarial combination therapies (ACTs) have been deployed and a World Antimalarial Resistance Network has been established as a means of anitimalarial drug resistance surveillance. Artemisinin-based combination therapies have proven to be useful as a replacement for standard regimens. Currently, these ACTs successfully cure patients suffering from uncomplicated malaria with superior efficacy and lower toxicity, but there remains a huge challenge (high mortality rate) associated with treatment of severe malaria. Studies of drug disposition and drug efficacy (PK/PD evaluations) are essential to understanding why drugs work as antimalarials as they illustrate issues with drug resistance, drug safety and drug toxicity that are critical to finding the appropriate drug dose for patients. This eBook illustrates how currently available combination antimalarial drugs can be optimized for effective malaria treatment. Chapters in this book explain methods to select combination drugs based on PK/PD evaluations followed by methods o reduce drug toxicity based on these evaluations. The book also summarizes efforts that are being made by the research community to improve ACT. It is, therefore, a handy reference for medical professionals and pharmacologists working on antimalarial drugs.

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Antimalarial Drugs Used in Combination Therapy

Qigui Li,Mark R. Hickman
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Antimalarial Drugs Used in Combination Therapy Book PDF

Author : Qigui Li,Mark R. Hickman
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2015-01-01
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1681080559

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Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Antimalarial Drugs Used in Combination Therapy by Qigui Li,Mark R. Hickman Pdf

Malaria takes a great toll on human health and well-being, particularly in tropical regions including Sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, Oceania and parts of the Americas. In recent years, some Plasmodium strains have become increasingly resistant to all classes of conventional antimalarial drugs currently in use. Researchers have, therefore, stepped up efforts to revise antimalarial drug policies, develop new drugs, and implement new strategies to combat this disease. In order to prevent widespread resistance, antimalarial combination therapies (ACTs) have been deployed and a Worldwide Antimalarial Resistance Network has been established as a means of antimalarial drug resistance surveillance. Artemisinin-based combination therapies have proven to be useful as a replacement for standard regimens. Currently, these ACTs successfully cure patients suffering from uncomplicated malaria with superior efficacy and lower toxicity, but there remains a huge challenge (high mortality rate) associated with treatment of severe malaria. Studies of drug disposition and drug efficacy (PK/PD evaluations) are essential to understanding why drugs work as antimalarials as they illustrate issues with drug disposition, drug resistance, drug safety and drug toxicity that are critical to finding the appropriate drug dose for patients and the proper choice of drug partners for combination therapy. This eBook illustrates how currently available combination antimalarial drugs can be optimized for effective malaria treatment and deterring resistance. Chapters in this book explain methods to select combination drugs based on PK/PD evaluations followed by methods to reduce drug toxicity based on these evaluations. The book also summarizes efforts that are being made by the research community to improve ACT drug combinations. It is, therefore, a handy reference for medical professionals and pharmacologists working on antimalarial drugs.

Clinical Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Drug Interactions Associated with Antimalarials

Tony K.L. Kiang,Kyle John Wilby,Mary H.H. Ensom
Clinical Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Drug Interactions Associated with Antimalarials Book PDF

Author : Tony K.L. Kiang,Kyle John Wilby,Mary H.H. Ensom
Publisher : Springer
Page : 146 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2014-11-10
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783319105277

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Clinical Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Drug Interactions Associated with Antimalarials by Tony K.L. Kiang,Kyle John Wilby,Mary H.H. Ensom Pdf

This comprehensive review provides a systematic, unbiased analysis, critique and summary of the available literature and generates novel clinical decision-making algorithms which can aid clinicians and scientists in practice management and research development. Potential mechanisms for the identified drug interactions are deduced from available preclinical and in vitro data which are interpreted in the context of the in vivo findings. Current limitations and gaps in the literature are summarized, and potential future research directions / experimentations are also suggested. In addition to the main objective to review the available clinical pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic drug interactions associated with WHO-recommended antimalarial drugs on the market today (i.e. chloroquine, amodiaquine, sulfadoxine, pyrimethamine, mefloquine, artemisinin, artemether, artesunate, dihydroartemisinin, artemotil, lumefantrine, primaquine, atovaquone, proguanil, piperaquine and quinine), this book also provides succinct chapter summaries on the epidemiology of malaria infection, diagnosis and therapeutics, in vivo pharmacology and chemistry, preclinical pharmacology, in vitro pharmacodynamics, in vitro reaction phenotyping, and in vitro drug-drug interaction data associated with the identified antimalarial drugs.

Treatment and Prevention of Malaria

Henry M. Staines,Sanjeev Krishna
Treatment and Prevention of Malaria Book PDF

Author : Henry M. Staines,Sanjeev Krishna
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 318 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2012-01-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783034604796

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Treatment and Prevention of Malaria by Henry M. Staines,Sanjeev Krishna Pdf

Malaria has defeated previous efforts at eradication and remains a massive global public health problem despite being readily preventable and treatable. It is a devastating disease that also extracts huge economic costs from the poorest countries in endemic regions. Starting with an overview of the disease and its current political, financial and technical context, this Milestones in Drug Therapy volume describes the history, chemistry, mechanisms of action and resistance, preclinical and clinical use, pharmacokinetics and safety and tolerability of the current range of antimalarial drugs. There is particular emphasis on artemisinins and related peroxides, as these drugs have now become the frontline treatment for malaria. Next generation antimalarials, molecular markers for detecting resistance, the importance of diagnostics and disease prevention are also covered in detail.

Saving Lives, Buying Time

Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Committee on the Economics of Antimalarial Drugs
Saving Lives Buying Time Book PDF

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Committee on the Economics of Antimalarial Drugs
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 384 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2004-09-09
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309165938

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Saving Lives, Buying Time by Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Committee on the Economics of Antimalarial Drugs Pdf

For more than 50 years, low-cost antimalarial drugs silently saved millions of lives and cured billions of debilitating infections. Today, however, these drugs no longer work against the deadliest form of malaria that exists throughout the world. Malaria deaths in sub-Saharan Africaâ€"currently just over one million per yearâ€"are rising because of increased resistance to the old, inexpensive drugs. Although effective new drugs called "artemisinins" are available, they are unaffordable for the majority of the affected population, even at a cost of one dollar per course. Saving Lives, Buying Time: Economics of Malaria Drugs in an Age of Resistance examines the history of malaria treatments, provides an overview of the current drug crisis, and offers recommendations on maximizing access to and effectiveness of antimalarial drugs. The book finds that most people in endemic countries will not have access to currently effective combination treatments, which should include an artemisinin, without financing from the global community. Without funding for effective treatment, malaria mortality could double over the next 10 to 20 years and transmission will intensify.

Artemisinin-Based and Other Antimalarials

Guoqiao Li,Ying Li,Zelin Li,Meiyi Zeng
Artemisinin Based and Other Antimalarials Book PDF

Author : Guoqiao Li,Ying Li,Zelin Li,Meiyi Zeng
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 736 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2017-11-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780128132111

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Artemisinin-Based and Other Antimalarials by Guoqiao Li,Ying Li,Zelin Li,Meiyi Zeng Pdf

Artemisinin-Based and Other Antimalarials: Detailed Account of Studies by Chinese Scientists Who Discovered and Developed Them provides a historical and scientific background of the discovery and development of artemisinin, artemisinin derivatives, combination drugs and related chemicals. It is a historical document, a scientific treatise, and a fascinating description of innovative research on new drug development that is carried out under extremely difficult conditions. The book also includes detailed experiments, physical-chemical procedures, practical methodologies and clinical trials. It is a valuable reference for students and researchers in the fields of scientific history, medicine, pharmaceutical science, chemistry, pharmacology and toxicology. Presents details of all stages of drug development, including in vitro experiment, animal exploratory studies, animal tests for toxicity, safety and efficacy followed by stages I, II, III and IV, safety and efficacy in human volunteers and patients with malaria Provides many physical-chemical laboratory procedures, such as NMR, MS, HPLC and X-ray diffraction used in drug development Includes practical methodology of clinical trials from many research centers and countries to demonstrate the importance of this discovery

Guidelines for the Treatment of Malaria. Third Edition

World Health Organization
Guidelines for the Treatment of Malaria Third Edition Book PDF

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 317 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2015-08-13
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789241549127

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Guidelines for the Treatment of Malaria. Third Edition by World Health Organization Pdf

Malaria remains an important cause of illness and death in children and adults in countries in which it is endemic. Malaria control requires an integrated approach including prevention (primarily vector control) and prompt treatment with effective antimalarial agents. Malaria case management consisting of prompt diagnosis and effective treatment remains a vital component of malaria control and elimination strategies. Since the publication of the first edition of the Guidelines for the treatment of malaria in 2006 and the second edition in 2010 all countries in which P. falciparum malaria is endemic have progressively updated their treatment policy from use of ineffective monotherapy to the currently recommended artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACT). This has contributed substantially to current reductions in global morbidity and mortality from malaria. Unfortunately resistance to artemisinins has arisen recently in P. falciparum in South-East Asia which threatens these gains. This third edition of the WHO Guidelines for the treatment of malaria contains updated recommendations based on a firmer evidence base for most antimalarial drugs and in addition include recommendation on the use of drugs to prevent malaria in groups at high risk. The Guidelines provide a framework for designing specific detailed national treatment protocols taking into account local patterns of resistance to antimalarial drugs and health service capacity. It provides recommendations on treatment of uncomplicated and severe malaria in all age groups all endemic areas in special populations and several complex situations. In addition on the use of antimalarial drugs as preventive therapy in healthy people living in malaria-endemic areas who are high risk in order to reduce morbidity and mortality from malaria. The Guidelines are designed primarily for policy-makers in ministries of health who formulate country-specific treatment guidelines. Other groups that may find them useful include health professionals and public health and policy specialists that are partners in health or malaria control and the pharmaceutical industry. The treatment recommendations in the main document are brief; for those who wish to study the evidence base in more detail a series of annexes is provided with references to the appropriate sections of the main document.

Assessment of Long-Term Health Effects of Antimalarial Drugs When Used for Prophylaxis

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice
Assessment of Long Term Health Effects of Antimalarial Drugs When Used for Prophylaxis Book PDF

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 427 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2020-04-24
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309672108

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Assessment of Long-Term Health Effects of Antimalarial Drugs When Used for Prophylaxis by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice Pdf

Among the many who serve in the United States Armed Forces and who are deployed to distant locations around the world, myriad health threats are encountered. In addition to those associated with the disruption of their home life and potential for combat, they may face distinctive disease threats that are specific to the locations to which they are deployed. U.S. forces have been deployed many times over the years to areas in which malaria is endemic, including in parts of Afghanistan and Iraq. Department of Defense (DoD) policy requires that antimalarial drugs be issued and regimens adhered to for deployments to malaria-endemic areas. Policies directing which should be used as first and as second-line agents have evolved over time based on new data regarding adverse events or precautions for specific underlying health conditions, areas of deployment, and other operational factors At the request of the Veterans Administration, Assessment of Long-Term Health Effects of Antimalarial Drugs When Used for Prophylaxis assesses the scientific evidence regarding the potential for long-term health effects resulting from the use of antimalarial drugs that were approved by FDA or used by U.S. service members for malaria prophylaxis, with a focus on mefloquine, tafenoquine, and other antimalarial drugs that have been used by DoD in the past 25 years. This report offers conclusions based on available evidence regarding associations of persistent or latent adverse events.

Antimalarial Drugs

Qigui Li
Antimalarial Drugs Book PDF

Author : Qigui Li
Publisher : Nova Science Publishers
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2013-12
Category : Artemisinin
ISBN : 1629480134

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Antimalarial Drugs by Qigui Li Pdf

Anti-malarial drugs are medicines that prevent or treat malaria, a disease which takes a great toll on human health and well-being, particularly in tropical regions including Africa south of the Sahara, South and Southeast Asia, Oceania, and parts of the Americas. In recent years, strains of Plasmodium have become increasingly resistant to more anti-malarial drugs and researchers have stepped up efforts to revise anti-malarial drug policies and develop new anti-malarial strategies. Resistance has arisen to all classes of antimalarials (chloroquine, amodiaquine, mefloquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine) except, as yet, definitively to the artemisinin derivatives. In order to prevent widespread resistance, the concept of anti-malarial combination therapy (CT) has been employed and a global resistance surveillance system (World Anti-malarial Resistance Networks) has been established. This book explores the use of these drugs in current health care.

Global Report on Antimalarial Drug Efficacy and Drug Resistance

Anonim
Global Report on Antimalarial Drug Efficacy and Drug Resistance Book PDF

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 115 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Antimalarials
ISBN : OCLC:778271074

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Global Report on Antimalarial Drug Efficacy and Drug Resistance by Anonim Pdf

This report provides a comprehensive, global overview of antimalarial drug efficacy and the resistance of malaria parasites to the antimalarial medicines used between 2000 and June 2010. Policy-makers in national ministries of health will benefit from this document, as it provides both a global and a regional picture of the efficacy of the antimalarial medicines currently used in national treatment programmes. In addition, the report will be a reference for scientists, enhancing their understanding of the complexity of antimalarial drug resistance.

Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine Retinopathy

David J. Browning
Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine Retinopathy Book PDF

Author : David J. Browning
Publisher : Springer
Page : 303 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2014-05-09
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781493905973

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Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine Retinopathy by David J. Browning Pdf

Malpractice settlements are large for undetected hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine toxicity which, if untreated, can lead to permanent loss of central vision. Knowledge of the ocular toxicity of these drugs has increased during the past fifty years as their use has expanded. Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine Retinopathy is the first single-source book on the subject and is essential for the practicing ophthalmologists, rheumatologists, dermatologists, and internists who prescribe these drugs. It covers clinical topics such as signs and symptoms of toxicity, toxicity screening, ancillary testing, to whom and why the drugs are prescribed and dosing considerations. Additionally, the book addresses practice management considerations, including coding, reimbursement and equipment costs, and the medico-legal responsibilities of the rheumatologist and of the ophthalmologist. Guidelines for the management of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine vary around the world and differences between the guidelines of the United Kingdom, the United States, and other countries are identified. The book concludes with a collection of case examples illustrating common clinical scenarios and their management. This book is a “must-have” resource for physicians who use these drugs.

Guidelines for the Treatment of Malaria

World Health Organization
Guidelines for the Treatment of Malaria Book PDF

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789241547925

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Guidelines for the Treatment of Malaria by World Health Organization Pdf

"The purpose of this document is to provide comprehensible, global, evidence-based guidelines to help formulate policies and protocols for the treatment of malaria. Information is presented on the treatment of uncomplicated malaria, including disease in special groups (young children, pregnant women, people who are HIV positive, travellers from non-malaria endemic regions) and in complex emergency situations and severe malaria."--Publisher's description.

Mechanisms of Drug Interactions

Patrick F. D'Arcy,James C. McElnay,Peter G. Welling
Mechanisms of Drug Interactions Book PDF

Author : Patrick F. D'Arcy,James C. McElnay,Peter G. Welling
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 363 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783642610158

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Mechanisms of Drug Interactions by Patrick F. D'Arcy,James C. McElnay,Peter G. Welling Pdf

Over the years a number of excellent books have classified and detailed drug drug interactions into their respective categories, e.g. interactions at plasma protein binding sites; those altering intestinal absorption or bioavailability; those involving hepatic metabolising enzymes; those involving competition or antagonism for receptor sites, and drug interactions modifying excretory mechanisms. Such books have presented extensive tables of interactions and their management. Although of considerable value to clinicians, such publica tions have not, however, been so expressive about the individual mechanisms that underlie these interactions. It is within this sphere of "mechanisms" that this present volume specialises. It deals with mechanisms of in vitro and in vivo, drug-drug, drug food and drug-herbals interactions and those that cause drugs to interfere with diagnostic laboratory tests. We believe that an explanation of the mechanisms of such interactions will enable practitioners to understand more fully the nature of the interactions and thus enable them to manage better their clinical outcome. If mechanisms of interactions are better understood, then it may be pos sible for the researcher to develop meaningful animal/biochemical/tissue cul ture or physicochemical models to which new molecules could be exposed during their development stages. The present position, which largely relies on patients experiencing adverse interactions before they can be established or documented, can hardly be regarded as satisfactory. This present volume is classified into two major parts; firstly, pharmacoki netic drug interactions and, secondly, pharmacodynamic drug interactions.

Drug Discovery and Evaluation: Methods in Clinical Pharmacology

H.Gerhard Vogel,Jochen Maas,Alexander Gebauer
Drug Discovery and Evaluation Methods in Clinical Pharmacology Book PDF

Author : H.Gerhard Vogel,Jochen Maas,Alexander Gebauer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 576 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2010-12-15
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783540898900

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Drug Discovery and Evaluation: Methods in Clinical Pharmacology by H.Gerhard Vogel,Jochen Maas,Alexander Gebauer Pdf

Drug Discovery and Evaluation has become a more and more difficult, expensive and time-consuming process. The effect of a new compound has to be detected by in vitro and in vivo methods of pharmacology. The activity spectrum and the potency compared to existing drugs have to be determined. As these processes can be divided up stepwise we have designed a book series "Drug Discovery and Evaluation" in the form of a recommendation document. The methods to detect drug targets are described in the first volume of this series "Pharmacological Assays" comprising classical methods as well as new technologies. Before going to man, the most suitable compound has to be selected by pharmacokinetic studies and experiments in toxicology. These preclinical methods are described in the second volume „Safety and Pharmacokinetic Assays". Only then are first studies in human beings allowed. Special rules are established for Phase I studies. Clinical pharmacokinetics are performed in parallel with human studies on tolerability and therapeutic effects. Special studies according to various populations and different therapeutic indications are necessary. These items are covered in the third volume: „Methods in Clinical Pharmacology".

Management of Severe Malaria

World Health Organization
Management of Severe Malaria Book PDF

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 84 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2000-04
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789241545235

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Management of Severe Malaria by World Health Organization Pdf

Malaria continues to be a major health problem in many parts of the world, with over 2,400 million people in 100 countries at risk of infection. This handbook is an updated edition of 'Management of severe and complicated malaria', providing practical guidance on the diagnosis and management of severe falciparum malaria, a form of the disease that can have life-threatening complications if treatment is delayed.