Philosophical Devices Proofs Probabilities Possibilities And Sets

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Philosophical Devices: Proofs, Probabilities, Possibilities, and Sets

David Papineau
Philosophical Devices Proofs Probabilities Possibilities and Sets Book PDF

Author : David Papineau
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2012-10-04
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191656248

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Philosophical Devices: Proofs, Probabilities, Possibilities, and Sets by David Papineau Pdf

This book is designed to explain the technical ideas that are taken for granted in much contemporary philosophical writing. Notions like denumerability, modal scope distinction, Bayesian conditionalization, and logical completeness are usually only elucidated deep within difficult specialist texts. By offering simple explanations that by-pass much irrelevant and boring detail, Philosophical Devices is able to cover a wealth of material that isnormally only available to specialists. The book contains four sections, each of three chapters. The first section is about sets and numbers, starting with the membership relation and ending with the generalized continuum hypothesis. The second is about analyticity, a prioricity, and necessity. The third is about probability, outlining the difference between objective and subjective probability and exploring aspects of conditionalization and correlation. The fourth deals with metalogic, focusing on the contrast between syntax andsemantics, and finishing with a sketch of Gödels theorem. Philosophical Devices will be useful for university students who have got past the foothills of philosophy and are starting to read more widely, but it does not assume any prior expertise. All the issues discussed are intrinsically interesting, and often downright fascinating. It can be read with pleasure and profit by anybody who is curious about the technical infrastructure of contemporary philosophy.

Philosophical Devices

David Papineau
Philosophical Devices Book PDF

Author : David Papineau
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2012-10-04
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191656255

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Philosophical Devices by David Papineau Pdf

This book is designed to explain the technical ideas that are taken for granted in much contemporary philosophical writing. Notions like 'denumerability', 'modal scope distinction', 'Bayesian conditionalization', and 'logical completeness' are usually only elucidated deep within difficult specialist texts. By offering simple explanations that by-pass much irrelevant and boring detail, Philosophical Devices is able to cover a wealth of material that is normally only available to specialists. The book contains four sections, each of three chapters. The first section is about sets and numbers, starting with the membership relation and ending with the generalized continuum hypothesis. The second is about analyticity, a prioricity, and necessity. The third is about probability, outlining the difference between objective and subjective probability and exploring aspects of conditionalization and correlation. The fourth deals with metalogic, focusing on the contrast between syntax and semantics, and finishing with a sketch of Gödel's theorem. Philosophical Devices will be useful for university students who have got past the foothills of philosophy and are starting to read more widely, but it does not assume any prior expertise. All the issues discussed are intrinsically interesting, and often downright fascinating. It can be read with pleasure and profit by anybody who is curious about the technical infrastructure of contemporary philosophy.

Logic for Philosophy

Theodore Sider
Logic for Philosophy Book PDF

Author : Theodore Sider
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 305 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2010-01-07
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780192658814

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Logic for Philosophy by Theodore Sider Pdf

Logic for Philosophy is an introduction to logic for students of contemporary philosophy. It is suitable both for advanced undergraduates and for beginning graduate students in philosophy. It covers (i) basic approaches to logic, including proof theory and especially model theory, (ii) extensions of standard logic that are important in philosophy, and (iii) some elementary philosophy of logic. It emphasizes breadth rather than depth. For example, it discusses modal logic and counterfactuals, but does not prove the central metalogical results for predicate logic (completeness, undecidability, etc.) Its goal is to introduce students to the logic they need to know in order to read contemporary philosophical work. It is very user-friendly for students without an extensive background in mathematics. In short, this book gives you the understanding of logic that you need to do philosophy.

Just the Arguments

Michael Bruce,Steven Barbone
Just the Arguments Book PDF

Author : Michael Bruce,Steven Barbone
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 435 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2011-08-24
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781444344417

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Just the Arguments by Michael Bruce,Steven Barbone Pdf

Does the existence of evil call into doubt the existence of God? Show me the argument. Philosophy starts with questions, but attempts at answers are just as important, and these answers require reasoned argument. Cutting through dense philosophical prose, 100 famous and influential arguments are presented in their essence, with premises, conclusions and logical form plainly identified. Key quotations provide a sense of style and approach. Just the Arguments is an invaluable one-stop argument shop. A concise, formally structured summation of 100 of the most important arguments in Western philosophy The first book of its kind to present the most important and influential philosophical arguments in a clear premise/conclusion format, the language that philosophers use and students are expected to know Offers succinct expositions of key philosophical arguments without bogging them down in commentary Translates difficult texts to core arguments Designed to provides a quick and compact reference to everything from Aquinas’ “Five Ways” to prove the existence of God, to the metaphysical possibilities of a zombie world

Time and Chance

David Z Albert
Time and Chance Book PDF

Author : David Z Albert
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 188 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2003-02-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780674020139

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Time and Chance by David Z Albert Pdf

This book is an attempt to get to the bottom of an acute and perennial tension between our best scientific pictures of the fundamental physical structure of the world and our everyday empirical experience of it. The trouble is about the direction of time. The situation (very briefly) is that it is a consequence of almost every one of those fundamental scientific pictures--and that it is at the same time radically at odds with our common sense--that whatever can happen can just as naturally happen backwards. Albert provides an unprecedentedly clear, lively, and systematic new account--in the context of a Newtonian-Mechanical picture of the world--of the ultimate origins of the statistical regularities we see around us, of the temporal irreversibility of the Second Law of Thermodynamics, of the asymmetries in our epistemic access to the past and the future, and of our conviction that by acting now we can affect the future but not the past. Then, in the final section of the book, he generalizes the Newtonian picture to the quantum-mechanical case and (most interestingly) suggests a very deep potential connection between the problem of the direction of time and the quantum-mechanical measurement problem. The book aims to be both an original contribution to the present scientific and philosophical understanding of these matters at the most advanced level, and something in the nature of an elementary textbook on the subject accessible to interested high-school students.

More Precisely: The Math You Need to Do Philosophy - Second Edition

Eric Steinhart
More Precisely The Math You Need to Do Philosophy Second Edition Book PDF

Author : Eric Steinhart
Publisher : Broadview Press
Page : 250 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2017-11-21
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781554813452

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More Precisely: The Math You Need to Do Philosophy - Second Edition by Eric Steinhart Pdf

More Precisely is a rigorous and engaging introduction to the mathematics necessary to do philosophy. Eric Steinhart provides lucid explanations of many basic mathematical concepts and sets out the most commonly used notational conventions. He also demonstrates how mathematics applies to fundamental issues in various branches of philosophy, including metaphysics, philosophy of language, epistemology, and ethics. This second edition adds a substantial section on decision and game theory, as well as a chapter on information theory and the efficient coding of information.

The Critical Thinking Toolkit

Galen A. Foresman,Peter S. Fosl,Jamie C. Watson
The Critical Thinking Toolkit Book PDF

Author : Galen A. Foresman,Peter S. Fosl,Jamie C. Watson
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 389 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2016-08-29
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780470658697

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The Critical Thinking Toolkit by Galen A. Foresman,Peter S. Fosl,Jamie C. Watson Pdf

The Critical Thinking Toolkit is a comprehensive compendium that equips readers with the essential knowledge and methods for clear, analytical, logical thinking and critique in a range of scholarly contexts and everyday situations. Takes an expansive approach to critical thinking by exploring concepts from other disciplines, including evidence and justification from philosophy, cognitive biases and errors from psychology, race and gender from sociology and political science, and tropes and symbols from rhetoric Follows the proven format of The Philosopher’s Toolkit and The Ethics Toolkit with concise, easily digestible entries, “see also” recommendations that connect topics, and recommended reading lists Allows readers to apply new critical thinking and reasoning skills with exercises and real life examples at the end of each chapter Written in an accessible way, it leads readers through terrain too often cluttered with jargon Ideal for beginning to advanced students, as well as general readers, looking for a sophisticated yet accessible introduction to critical thinking

Elementary Probability

David Stirzaker
Elementary Probability Book PDF

Author : David Stirzaker
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 540 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2003-08-18
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781139441032

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Elementary Probability by David Stirzaker Pdf

Now available in a fully revised and updated second edition, this well established textbook provides a straightforward introduction to the theory of probability. The presentation is entertaining without any sacrifice of rigour; important notions are covered with the clarity that the subject demands. Topics covered include conditional probability, independence, discrete and continuous random variables, basic combinatorics, generating functions and limit theorems, and an introduction to Markov chains. The text is accessible to undergraduate students and provides numerous worked examples and exercises to help build the important skills necessary for problem solving.

The Philosopher's Toolkit

Julian Baggini,Peter S. Fosl
The Philosopher s Toolkit Book PDF

Author : Julian Baggini,Peter S. Fosl
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2011-08-24
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781444357479

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The Philosopher's Toolkit by Julian Baggini,Peter S. Fosl Pdf

The second edition of this popular compendium provides the necessary intellectual equipment to engage with and participate in effective philosophical argument, reading, and reflection Features significantly revised, updated and expanded entries, and an entirely new section drawn from methods in the history of philosophy This edition has a broad, pluralistic approach--appealing to readers in both continental philosophy and the history of philosophy, as well as analytic philosophy Explains difficult concepts in an easily accessible manner, and addresses the use and application of these concepts Proven useful to philosophy students at both beginning and advanced levels

Philosophies of Mathematics

Alexander L. George,Daniel Velleman
Philosophies of Mathematics Book PDF

Author : Alexander L. George,Daniel Velleman
Publisher : Wiley-Blackwell
Page : 244 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2001-12-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 0631195440

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Philosophies of Mathematics by Alexander L. George,Daniel Velleman Pdf

This book provides an accessible, critical introduction to the three main approaches that dominated work in the philosophy of mathematics during the twentieth century: logicism, intuitionism and formalism.

The Ethics Toolkit

Julian Baggini,Peter S. Fosl
The Ethics Toolkit Book PDF

Author : Julian Baggini,Peter S. Fosl
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 406 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2024-01-16
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781119891970

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The Ethics Toolkit by Julian Baggini,Peter S. Fosl Pdf

A new edition of the bestselling guide which equips readers with the skills necessary for engaging in ethical reflection The Ethics Toolkit offers an engaging and approachable introduction to the core concepts, principles, and methods of contemporary ethics. Explaining to students and general readers how to think critically about ethics and actually use philosophical concepts, this innovative volume provides the tools and knowledge required to engage intelligently in ethical study, deliberation, and debate. Invaluable as both a complete guide and a handy reference, this versatile resource provides clear and authoritative information on a diverse range of topics, from fundamental concepts and major ethical frameworks to contemporary critiques and ongoing debates. Throughout the text, Fosl and Baggini highlight the crucial role ethics plays in our lives, exploring autonomy, free will, consciousness, fairness, responsibility, consent, intersectionality, sex and gender, and much more. Substantially revised and expanded, the second edition of The Ethics Toolkit contains a wealth of new entries, new recommended readings, more detailed textual references, and numerous timely real-world and hypothetical examples. Uses clear and accessible language appropriate for use inside and beyond the classroom Contains cross-referenced entries to help readers connect and contrast ideas Engages both non-Western and Western philosophy Offer insights into key issues in ethics with a firm grounding in the history of philosophy Includes an appendix of tools for the practice of ethics, including links to podcasts, web and print resources, and prominent ethics organizations Written by the authors of the popular The Philosophers’ Toolkit, this new edition of The Ethics Toolkit is a must-have resource for anyone interested in ethics, from general readers to undergraduate and graduate students.

Probability Theory

Nikolai Dokuchaev
Probability Theory Book PDF

Author : Nikolai Dokuchaev
Publisher : World Scientific Publishing Company
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2015-06-12
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789814678056

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Probability Theory by Nikolai Dokuchaev Pdf

This book provides a systematic, self-sufficient and yet short presentation of the mainstream topics on introductory Probability Theory with some selected topics from Mathematical Statistics. It is suitable for a 10- to 14-week course for second- or third-year undergraduate students in Science, Mathematics, Statistics, Finance, or Economics, who have completed some introductory course in Calculus. There is a sufficient number of problems and solutions to cover weekly tutorials.

Hume's Problem

Colin Howson
Hume s Problem Book PDF

Author : Colin Howson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780198250371

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Hume's Problem by Colin Howson Pdf

This volume offers a solution to one of the central, unsolved problems of Western philosophy, that of induction. It explores the implications of Hume's argument that successful prediction tells us nothing about the truth of the predicting theory.

Computational Complexity

Sanjeev Arora,Boaz Barak
Computational Complexity Book PDF

Author : Sanjeev Arora,Boaz Barak
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 609 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2009-04-20
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780521424264

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Computational Complexity by Sanjeev Arora,Boaz Barak Pdf

New and classical results in computational complexity, including interactive proofs, PCP, derandomization, and quantum computation. Ideal for graduate students.

Philosophy of Probability and Statistical Modelling

Mauricio Suárez
Philosophy of Probability and Statistical Modelling Book PDF

Author : Mauricio Suárez
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2021-01-21
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781108983846

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Philosophy of Probability and Statistical Modelling by Mauricio Suárez Pdf

This Element has two main aims. The first one (sections 1-7) is an historically informed review of the philosophy of probability. It describes recent historiography, lays out the distinction between subjective and objective notions, and concludes by applying the historical lessons to the main interpretations of probability. The second aim (sections 8-13) focuses entirely on objective probability, and advances a number of novel theses regarding its role in scientific practice. A distinction is drawn between traditional attempts to interpret chance, and a novel methodological study of its application. A radical form of pluralism is then introduced, advocating a tripartite distinction between propensities, probabilities and frequencies. Finally, a distinction is drawn between two different applications of chance in statistical modelling which, it is argued, vindicates the overall methodological approach. The ensuing conception of objective probability in practice is the 'complex nexus of chance'.