Philosophical Devices Proofs Probabilities Possibilities And Sets

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Philosophical Devices: Proofs, Probabilities, Possibilities, and Sets

David Papineau
Philosophical Devices Proofs Probabilities Possibilities and Sets Book PDF

Author : David Papineau
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2012-10-04
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191656248

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Philosophical Devices: Proofs, Probabilities, Possibilities, and Sets by David Papineau Pdf

This book is designed to explain the technical ideas that are taken for granted in much contemporary philosophical writing. Notions like denumerability, modal scope distinction, Bayesian conditionalization, and logical completeness are usually only elucidated deep within difficult specialist texts. By offering simple explanations that by-pass much irrelevant and boring detail, Philosophical Devices is able to cover a wealth of material that isnormally only available to specialists. The book contains four sections, each of three chapters. The first section is about sets and numbers, starting with the membership relation and ending with the generalized continuum hypothesis. The second is about analyticity, a prioricity, and necessity. The third is about probability, outlining the difference between objective and subjective probability and exploring aspects of conditionalization and correlation. The fourth deals with metalogic, focusing on the contrast between syntax andsemantics, and finishing with a sketch of Gödels theorem. Philosophical Devices will be useful for university students who have got past the foothills of philosophy and are starting to read more widely, but it does not assume any prior expertise. All the issues discussed are intrinsically interesting, and often downright fascinating. It can be read with pleasure and profit by anybody who is curious about the technical infrastructure of contemporary philosophy.

Philosophical Devices

David Papineau
Philosophical Devices Book PDF

Author : David Papineau
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2012-10-04
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191656255

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Philosophical Devices by David Papineau Pdf

This book is designed to explain the technical ideas that are taken for granted in much contemporary philosophical writing. Notions like 'denumerability', 'modal scope distinction', 'Bayesian conditionalization', and 'logical completeness' are usually only elucidated deep within difficult specialist texts. By offering simple explanations that by-pass much irrelevant and boring detail, Philosophical Devices is able to cover a wealth of material that is normally only available to specialists. The book contains four sections, each of three chapters. The first section is about sets and numbers, starting with the membership relation and ending with the generalized continuum hypothesis. The second is about analyticity, a prioricity, and necessity. The third is about probability, outlining the difference between objective and subjective probability and exploring aspects of conditionalization and correlation. The fourth deals with metalogic, focusing on the contrast between syntax and semantics, and finishing with a sketch of Gödel's theorem. Philosophical Devices will be useful for university students who have got past the foothills of philosophy and are starting to read more widely, but it does not assume any prior expertise. All the issues discussed are intrinsically interesting, and often downright fascinating. It can be read with pleasure and profit by anybody who is curious about the technical infrastructure of contemporary philosophy.

Logic for Philosophy

Theodore Sider
Logic for Philosophy Book PDF

Author : Theodore Sider
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 305 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2010-01-07
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780192658814

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Logic for Philosophy by Theodore Sider Pdf

Logic for Philosophy is an introduction to logic for students of contemporary philosophy. It is suitable both for advanced undergraduates and for beginning graduate students in philosophy. It covers (i) basic approaches to logic, including proof theory and especially model theory, (ii) extensions of standard logic that are important in philosophy, and (iii) some elementary philosophy of logic. It emphasizes breadth rather than depth. For example, it discusses modal logic and counterfactuals, but does not prove the central metalogical results for predicate logic (completeness, undecidability, etc.) Its goal is to introduce students to the logic they need to know in order to read contemporary philosophical work. It is very user-friendly for students without an extensive background in mathematics. In short, this book gives you the understanding of logic that you need to do philosophy.

More Precisely: The Math You Need to Do Philosophy - Second Edition

Eric Steinhart
More Precisely The Math You Need to Do Philosophy Second Edition Book PDF

Author : Eric Steinhart
Publisher : Broadview Press
Page : 250 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2017-11-21
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781554813452

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More Precisely: The Math You Need to Do Philosophy - Second Edition by Eric Steinhart Pdf

More Precisely is a rigorous and engaging introduction to the mathematics necessary to do philosophy. Eric Steinhart provides lucid explanations of many basic mathematical concepts and sets out the most commonly used notational conventions. He also demonstrates how mathematics applies to fundamental issues in various branches of philosophy, including metaphysics, philosophy of language, epistemology, and ethics. This second edition adds a substantial section on decision and game theory, as well as a chapter on information theory and the efficient coding of information.

Just the Arguments

Michael Bruce,Steven Barbone
Just the Arguments Book PDF

Author : Michael Bruce,Steven Barbone
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 435 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2011-08-24
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781444344417

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Just the Arguments by Michael Bruce,Steven Barbone Pdf

Does the existence of evil call into doubt the existence of God? Show me the argument. Philosophy starts with questions, but attempts at answers are just as important, and these answers require reasoned argument. Cutting through dense philosophical prose, 100 famous and influential arguments are presented in their essence, with premises, conclusions and logical form plainly identified. Key quotations provide a sense of style and approach. Just the Arguments is an invaluable one-stop argument shop. A concise, formally structured summation of 100 of the most important arguments in Western philosophy The first book of its kind to present the most important and influential philosophical arguments in a clear premise/conclusion format, the language that philosophers use and students are expected to know Offers succinct expositions of key philosophical arguments without bogging them down in commentary Translates difficult texts to core arguments Designed to provides a quick and compact reference to everything from Aquinas’ “Five Ways” to prove the existence of God, to the metaphysical possibilities of a zombie world

Time and Chance

David Z Albert
Time and Chance Book PDF

Author : David Z Albert
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 188 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2003-02-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780674020139

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Time and Chance by David Z Albert Pdf

This book is an attempt to get to the bottom of an acute and perennial tension between our best scientific pictures of the fundamental physical structure of the world and our everyday empirical experience of it. The trouble is about the direction of time. The situation (very briefly) is that it is a consequence of almost every one of those fundamental scientific pictures--and that it is at the same time radically at odds with our common sense--that whatever can happen can just as naturally happen backwards. Albert provides an unprecedentedly clear, lively, and systematic new account--in the context of a Newtonian-Mechanical picture of the world--of the ultimate origins of the statistical regularities we see around us, of the temporal irreversibility of the Second Law of Thermodynamics, of the asymmetries in our epistemic access to the past and the future, and of our conviction that by acting now we can affect the future but not the past. Then, in the final section of the book, he generalizes the Newtonian picture to the quantum-mechanical case and (most interestingly) suggests a very deep potential connection between the problem of the direction of time and the quantum-mechanical measurement problem. The book aims to be both an original contribution to the present scientific and philosophical understanding of these matters at the most advanced level, and something in the nature of an elementary textbook on the subject accessible to interested high-school students.

A Brief History of Analytic Philosophy

Stephen P. Schwartz
A Brief History of Analytic Philosophy Book PDF

Author : Stephen P. Schwartz
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 367 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2012-03-28
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781118271728

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A Brief History of Analytic Philosophy by Stephen P. Schwartz Pdf

A Brief History of Analytic Philosophy: From Russell to Rawls presents a comprehensive overview of the historical development of all major aspects of analytic philosophy, the dominant Anglo-American philosophical tradition in the twentieth century. Features coverage of all the major subject areas and figures in analytic philosophy - including Wittgenstein, Bertrand Russell, G.E. Moore, Gottlob Frege, Carnap, Quine, Davidson, Kripke, Putnam, and many others Contains explanatory background material to help make clear technical philosophical concepts Includes listings of suggested further readings Written in a clear, direct style that presupposes little previous knowledge of philosophy

The Philosopher's Toolkit

Julian Baggini,Peter S. Fosl
The Philosopher s Toolkit Book PDF

Author : Julian Baggini,Peter S. Fosl
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2011-08-24
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781444357479

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The Philosopher's Toolkit by Julian Baggini,Peter S. Fosl Pdf

The second edition of this popular compendium provides the necessary intellectual equipment to engage with and participate in effective philosophical argument, reading, and reflection Features significantly revised, updated and expanded entries, and an entirely new section drawn from methods in the history of philosophy This edition has a broad, pluralistic approach--appealing to readers in both continental philosophy and the history of philosophy, as well as analytic philosophy Explains difficult concepts in an easily accessible manner, and addresses the use and application of these concepts Proven useful to philosophy students at both beginning and advanced levels

Neurophilosophy

Patricia Smith Churchland
Neurophilosophy Book PDF

Author : Patricia Smith Churchland
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 566 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Brain
ISBN : 0262530856

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Neurophilosophy by Patricia Smith Churchland Pdf

"A Bradford book." Bibliography: p. [491]-523. Includes index.

Epistemology

Ernest Sosa
Epistemology Book PDF

Author : Ernest Sosa
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 252 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2018-12-04
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780691183268

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Epistemology by Ernest Sosa Pdf

One of the world's leading epistemologists provides a sophisticated, revisionist introduction to the subject In this concise book, one of the world’s leading epistemologists provides a sophisticated, revisionist introduction to the problem of knowledge in Western philosophy. Modern and contemporary accounts of epistemology tend to focus on limited questions of knowledge and skepticism, such as how we can know the external world, other minds, the past through memory, the future through induction, or the world’s depth and structure through inference. This book steps back for a better view of the more general issues posed by the ancient Greek Pyrrhonists. Returning to and illuminating this older, broader epistemological tradition, Ernest Sosa develops an original account of the subject, giving it substance not with Cartesian theology but with science and common sense. Descartes is a part of this ancient tradition, but he goes beyond it by considering not just whether knowledge is possible in the first place, but also how we can properly attain it. In Cartesian epistemology, Sosa finds a virtue-theoretic account, one that he extends beyond the Cartesian context. Once epistemology is viewed in this light, many of its problems can be solved or fall away. The result is an important reevaluation of epistemology that will be essential reading for students and teachers.

The Metaphysics of Sensory Experience

David Papineau
The Metaphysics of Sensory Experience Book PDF

Author : David Papineau
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 176 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2021-03-18
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780198862390

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The Metaphysics of Sensory Experience by David Papineau Pdf

What is going on when we are consciously aware of a visual scene, or hear sounds, or otherwise enjoy sensory experience? David Papineau argues controversially for a purely qualitative account: conscious sensory experiences are intrinsic states with no essential connection to external circumstances or represented properties.

Logic

Nicholas J.J. Smith
Logic Book PDF

Author : Nicholas J.J. Smith
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 544 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2012-04
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780691151632

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Logic by Nicholas J.J. Smith Pdf

Provides an essential introduction to classical logic.

Elementary Probability

David Stirzaker
Elementary Probability Book PDF

Author : David Stirzaker
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 540 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2003-08-18
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781139441032

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Elementary Probability by David Stirzaker Pdf

Now available in a fully revised and updated second edition, this well established textbook provides a straightforward introduction to the theory of probability. The presentation is entertaining without any sacrifice of rigour; important notions are covered with the clarity that the subject demands. Topics covered include conditional probability, independence, discrete and continuous random variables, basic combinatorics, generating functions and limit theorems, and an introduction to Markov chains. The text is accessible to undergraduate students and provides numerous worked examples and exercises to help build the important skills necessary for problem solving.

Country Path Conversations

Martin Heidegger
Country Path Conversations Book PDF

Author : Martin Heidegger
Publisher : Indiana University Press
Page : 234 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2010-06-14
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780253004390

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Country Path Conversations by Martin Heidegger Pdf

The philosopher’s meditations on nature, technology, and evil, written in the final years of WWII, presented in “clear and highly readable translation” (Philosophy in Review). First published in German in 1995, volume 77 of Heidegger’s Complete Works consists of three imaginary conversations written as World War II was coming to an end. Composed at a crucial moment in history and in Heidegger’s own thinking, these conversations present meditations on science and technology; the devastation of nature, World War II, and the nature of evil. Heidegger also delves into the possibility of release from representational thinking into a more authentic relation with being and the world. The first conversation involves a scientist, a scholar, and a guide walking together on a country path; the second takes place between a teacher and a tower-warden, and the third features a younger man and an older man in a prisoner-of-war camp in Russia, where Heidegger’s two sons were missing in action. Unique because of their conversational style, this lucid and precise translation of these texts offers insight into the issues that engaged Heidegger’s wartime and postwar thinking.

The Critical Thinking Toolkit

Galen A. Foresman,Peter S. Fosl,Jamie C. Watson
The Critical Thinking Toolkit Book PDF

Author : Galen A. Foresman,Peter S. Fosl,Jamie C. Watson
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 389 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2016-08-29
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780470658697

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The Critical Thinking Toolkit by Galen A. Foresman,Peter S. Fosl,Jamie C. Watson Pdf

The Critical Thinking Toolkit is a comprehensive compendium that equips readers with the essential knowledge and methods for clear, analytical, logical thinking and critique in a range of scholarly contexts and everyday situations. Takes an expansive approach to critical thinking by exploring concepts from other disciplines, including evidence and justification from philosophy, cognitive biases and errors from psychology, race and gender from sociology and political science, and tropes and symbols from rhetoric Follows the proven format of The Philosopher’s Toolkit and The Ethics Toolkit with concise, easily digestible entries, “see also” recommendations that connect topics, and recommended reading lists Allows readers to apply new critical thinking and reasoning skills with exercises and real life examples at the end of each chapter Written in an accessible way, it leads readers through terrain too often cluttered with jargon Ideal for beginning to advanced students, as well as general readers, looking for a sophisticated yet accessible introduction to critical thinking