Photon Counting Image Sensors

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Photon-Counting Image Sensors

Author : Eric R. Fossum,Nobukazu Teranishi,Albert Theuwissen,David Stoppa,Edoardo Charbon
Publisher : MDPI
Page : 379 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2018-07-06
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9783038423744

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Photon-Counting Image Sensors by Eric R. Fossum,Nobukazu Teranishi,Albert Theuwissen,David Stoppa,Edoardo Charbon Pdf

This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Photon-Counting Image Sensors" that was published in Sensors

Photon-Counting Image Sensors

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Electronic book
ISBN : 3038423750

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Photon-Counting Image Sensors by Anonim Pdf

Photon Counting Computed Tomography

Author : Scott Hsieh,Krzysztof (Kris) Iniewski
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 271 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2023-05-27
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783031260629

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Photon Counting Computed Tomography by Scott Hsieh,Krzysztof (Kris) Iniewski Pdf

This book will provide readers with a good overview of some of most recent advances in the field of Photon Counting CT technology for X-ray medical imaging, especially as it pertains to new detectors. There will be a good mixture of general chapters in both technology and applications in CT medical imaging. The book will have an in-depth review of the research topics from world-leading specialists in the field. The conversion of the X-ray signal into analogue/digital value will be covered in some chapters. The authors also provide a review of CMOS chips for X-ray image sensors, methods of material discrimination and image reconstruction techniques. Covers a broad range of topics, including an introduction to novel spectral Computed Tomography; Includes in-depth analysis on how to optimize X-ray detection; Discusses analysis of electronics for X-ray detection.

Single-Photon Imaging

Author : Peter Seitz,Albert J. P. Theuwissen
Publisher : Springer
Page : 363 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2011-08-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642184437

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Single-Photon Imaging by Peter Seitz,Albert J. P. Theuwissen Pdf

The acquisition and interpretation of images is a central capability in almost all scientific and technological domains. In particular, the acquisition of electromagnetic radiation, in the form of visible light, UV, infrared, X-ray, etc. is of enormous practical importance. The ultimate sensitivity in electronic imaging is the detection of individual photons. With this book, the first comprehensive review of all aspects of single-photon electronic imaging has been created. Topics include theoretical basics, semiconductor fabrication, single-photon detection principles, imager design and applications of different spectral domains. Today, the solid-state fabrication capabilities for several types of image sensors has advanced to a point, where uncoooled single-photon electronic imaging will soon become a consumer product. This book is giving a specialist ́s view from different domains to the forthcoming “single-photon imaging” revolution. The various aspects of single-photon imaging are treated by internationally renowned, leading scientists and technologists who have all pioneered their respective fields.

Single-Photon Imaging

Author : Peter Seitz,Albert J. P. Theuwissen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 363 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2011-08-03
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783642184420

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Single-Photon Imaging by Peter Seitz,Albert J. P. Theuwissen Pdf

The acquisition and interpretation of images is a central capability in almost all scientific and technological domains. In particular, the acquisition of electromagnetic radiation, in the form of visible light, UV, infrared, X-ray, etc. is of enormous practical importance. The ultimate sensitivity in electronic imaging is the detection of individual photons. With this book, the first comprehensive review of all aspects of single-photon electronic imaging has been created. Topics include theoretical basics, semiconductor fabrication, single-photon detection principles, imager design and applications of different spectral domains. Today, the solid-state fabrication capabilities for several types of image sensors has advanced to a point, where uncoooled single-photon electronic imaging will soon become a consumer product. This book is giving a specialist ́s view from different domains to the forthcoming “single-photon imaging” revolution. The various aspects of single-photon imaging are treated by internationally renowned, leading scientists and technologists who have all pioneered their respective fields.

Photon Counting Detectors for X-ray Imaging

Author : Hiroaki Hayashi,Natsumi Kimoto,Takashi Asahara,Takumi Asakawa,Cheonghae Lee,Akitoshi Katsumata
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 119 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2021-02-15
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783030626808

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Photon Counting Detectors for X-ray Imaging by Hiroaki Hayashi,Natsumi Kimoto,Takashi Asahara,Takumi Asakawa,Cheonghae Lee,Akitoshi Katsumata Pdf

This book first provides readers with an introduction to the underlying physics and state-of-the-art application of photon counting detectors for X-ray imaging. The authors explain that a photon-counting imaging detector can realize quantitative analysis because the detector can derive X-ray attenuation information based on the analysis of intensity changes of individual X-ray. To realize this analysis, it is important to consider the physics of an object and detector material. In this book, the authors introduce a novel analytical procedure to create quantitative X-ray images for medical diagnosis.

Time-correlated single photon counting

Author : Desmond O'Connor
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 299 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780323141444

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Time-correlated single photon counting by Desmond O'Connor Pdf

Time-correlated Single Photon Counting has been written in the hope that by relating the authors' experiences with a variety of different single photon counting systems, they may provide a useful service to users and potential users of this formidably sensitive technique. Of all the techniques available to obtain information on the rates of depopulation of excited electronic singlet states of molecular species, monitoring of fluorescence provides, in principle, the simplest and most direct measure of concentration. This volume comprises eight chapters, with the first focusing on the time dependence and applications of fluorescence. Succeeding chapters go on to discuss basic principles of the single photon counting lifetime measurement; light sources; photomultipliers; electronics; data analysis; nanosecond time-resolved emission spectroscopy; time dependence of fluorescence anisotropy. This book will be of interest to practitioners in the field of chemistry.

Photon Counting

Author : Nikolay Britun,Anton Nikiforov
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 298 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2018-03-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789535139072

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Photon Counting by Nikolay Britun,Anton Nikiforov Pdf

Photon counting is a unified name for the techniques using single-photon detection for accumulative measurements of the light flux, normally occurring under extremely low-light conditions. Nowadays, this approach can be applied to the wide variety of the radiation wavelengths, starting from X-ray and deep ultraviolet transitions and ending with far-infrared part of the spectrum. As a special tribute to the photon counting, the studies of cosmic microwave background radiation in astronomy, the experiments with muon detection, and the large-scale fundamental experiments on the nature of matter should be noted. The book provides readers with an overview on the fundamentals and state-of-the-art applications of photon counting technique in the applied science and everyday life.

Ultra Low Noise CMOS Image Sensors

Author : Assim Boukhayma
Publisher : Springer
Page : 180 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2017-11-28
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783319687742

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Ultra Low Noise CMOS Image Sensors by Assim Boukhayma Pdf

This thesis provides a thorough noise analysis for conventional CIS readout chains, while also presenting and discussing a variety of noise reduction techniques that allow the read noise in standard processes to be optimized. Two physical implementations featuring sub-0.5-electron RMS are subsequently presented to verify the proposed noise reduction techniques and provide a full characterization of a VGA imager. Based on the verified noise calculation, the impact of the technology downscaling on the input-referred noise is also studied. Further, the thesis covers THz CMOS image sensors and presents an original design that achieves ultra-low-noise performance. Last but not least, it provides a comprehensive review of CMOS image sensors.

Advanced Photon Counting

Author : Peter Kapusta,Michael Wahl,Rainer Erdmann
Publisher : Springer
Page : 370 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2015-04-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319156361

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Advanced Photon Counting by Peter Kapusta,Michael Wahl,Rainer Erdmann Pdf

This volume focuses on Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting (TCSPC), a powerful tool allowing luminescence lifetime measurements to be made with high temporal resolution, even on single molecules. Combining spectrum and lifetime provides a “fingerprint” for identifying such molecules in the presence of a background. Used together with confocal detection, this permits single-molecule spectroscopy and microscopy in addition to ensemble measurements, opening up an enormous range of hot life science applications such as fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) and measurement of Förster Resonant Energy Transfer (FRET) for the investigation of protein folding and interaction. Several technology-related chapters present both the basics and current state-of-the-art, in particular of TCSPC electronics, photon detectors and lasers. The remaining chapters cover a broad range of applications and methodologies for experiments and data analysis, including the life sciences, defect centers in diamonds, super-resolution microscopy, and optical tomography. The chapters detailing new options arising from the combination of classic TCSPC and fluorescence lifetime with methods based on intensity fluctuation represent a particularly unique highlight.

Spectral, Photon Counting Computed Tomography

Author : Katsuyuki Taguchi,Ira Blevis,Krzysztof Iniewski
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 446 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2020-07-14
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780429942006

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Spectral, Photon Counting Computed Tomography by Katsuyuki Taguchi,Ira Blevis,Krzysztof Iniewski Pdf

Spectral, Photon Counting Computed Tomography is a comprehensive cover of the latest developments in the most prevalent imaging modality (x-ray computed tomography (CT)) in its latest incarnation: Spectral, Dual-Energy, and Photon Counting CT. Disadvantages of the conventional single-energy technique used by CT technology are that different materials cannot be distinguished and that the noise is larger. To address these problems, a novel spectral CT concept has been proposed. Spectral Dual-Energy CT (DE-CT) acquires two sets of spectral data, and Spectral Photon Counting CT (PC-CT) detects energy of x-ray photons to reveal additional material information of objects by using novel energy-sensitive, photon-counting detectors. The K-edge imaging may be a gateway for functional or molecular CT. The book covers detectors and electronics, image reconstruction methods, image quality assessments, a simulation tool, nanoparticle contrast agents, and clinical applications for spectral CT.

Essential Principles of Image Sensors

Author : Takao Kuroda
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2017-12-19
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781482220063

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Essential Principles of Image Sensors by Takao Kuroda Pdf

Providing a succinct introduction to the systemization, noise sources, and signal processes of image sensor technology, Essential Principles of Image Sensors discusses image information and its four factors: space, light intensity, wavelength, and time. Featuring clarifying and insightful illustrations, this must-have text: Explains how image sensors convert optical image information into image signals Treats space, wavelength, and time as digitized built-in coordinate points in image sensors and systems Details the operational principles, pixel technology, and evolution of CCD, MOS, and CMOS sensors with updated technology Describes sampling theory, presenting unique figures demonstrating the importance of phase Explores causes for the decline of image information quality In a straightforward manner suitable for beginners and experts alike, Essential Principles of Image Sensors covers key topics related to digital imaging including semiconductor physics, component elements necessary for image sensors, silicon as a sensitive material, noises in sensors, and more.

Smart CMOS Image Sensors and Applications

Author : Jun Ohta
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 295 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2020-05-12
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781498797344

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Smart CMOS Image Sensors and Applications by Jun Ohta Pdf

Revised and expanded for this new edition, Smart CMOS Image Sensors and Applications, Second Edition is the only book available devoted to smart CMOS image sensors and applications. The book describes the fundamentals of CMOS image sensors and optoelectronic device physics, and introduces typical CMOS image sensor structures, such as the active pixel sensor (APS). Also included are the functions and materials of smart CMOS image sensors and present examples of smart imaging. Various applications of smart CMOS image sensors are also discussed. Several appendices supply a range of information on constants, illuminance, MOSFET characteristics, and optical resolution. Expansion of smart materials, smart imaging and applications, including biotechnology and optical wireless communication, are included. Features • Covers the fundamentals and applications including smart materials, smart imaging, and various applications • Includes comprehensive references • Discusses a wide variety of applications of smart CMOS image sensors including biotechnology and optical wireless communication • Revised and expanded to include the state of the art of smart image sensors

Ultra-Weak Photon Emission from Biological Systems

Author : Ilya Volodyaev,Eduard van Wijk,Michal Cifra,Yury A. Vladimirov
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 511 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2023-12-13
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783031390784

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Ultra-Weak Photon Emission from Biological Systems by Ilya Volodyaev,Eduard van Wijk,Michal Cifra,Yury A. Vladimirov Pdf

This book addresses the phenomenon of biological autoluminescence (also known as ultraweak photon emission, UPE, biochemiluminescence, or biophotons) and deals with a very broad spectrum of subjects, ranging from basic observational studies to molecular mechanisms, free-radical processes, physics of electron excitation and photon emission, as well as detection techniques. The chapter topics include UPE in plants, animals, and the human body; microorganisms and subcellular structures; and model systems, illustrating its high prevalence. Several sections of the book provide some backstory, with emphasis on methodology, unresolved questions, and existing controversies. The authors raise and discuss complex, potentially divisive aspects: Are there any reasons to assume the existence of non-chemical interaction in biological systems? Can research results in the field of mitogenetic radiation, delayed luminescence, and oxychemiluminescence of model systems, be correctly interpreted? What does the future hold for this area of research? Altogether, this publication gives the reader a thorough overview of biological autoluminescence (UPE, biophotonics) research, making it ideal for students and researchers who are new to the area as well as those who are specializing in it.

Single-photon Image Sensors in CMOS

Author : Cristiano Niclass
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 251 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 3866282206

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Single-photon Image Sensors in CMOS by Cristiano Niclass Pdf