Pi3k Signalling

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PI3K signalling

Klaus Okkenhaug,Martin Turner, Michael R Gold
PI3K signalling Book PDF

Author : Klaus Okkenhaug,Martin Turner, Michael R Gold
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 140 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2015-03-05
Category : Immunologic diseases. Allergy
ISBN : 9782889194193

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PI3K signalling by Klaus Okkenhaug,Martin Turner, Michael R Gold Pdf

The PI3Ks control many key functions in immune cells. PI3Ks phosphorylate PtdIns(4,5)P2 to yield PtdIns(3,4,5)P3. Initially, PI3K inhibitors such as Wortmannin, LY294002 and Rapamycin were used to establish a central role for Pi3K pathway in immune cells. Considerable progress in understanding the role of this pathway in cells of the immune system has been made in recent years, starting with analysis of various PI3K and Pten knockout mice and subsequently mTOR and Foxo knockout mice. Together, these experiments have revealed how PI3Ks control B cell and T cell development, T helper cell differentiation, regulatory T cell development and function, B cell and T cell trafficking, immunoglobulin class switching and much, much more. The PI3Kd inhibitor idelalisib has recently been approved for the treatment of B cell lymphoma. Clinical trials of other PI3K inhibitors in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases are also in progress. This is an opportune time to consider a Research Topic considering when what we have learned about the PI3K signalling module in lymphocyte biology and how this is making an impact on clinical immunology and haematology.

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase Signalling Pathway: The Key To Cell Proliferation And Death

Lam Eric Wing-fai
Phosphoinositide 3 kinase Signalling Pathway The Key To Cell Proliferation And Death Book PDF

Author : Lam Eric Wing-fai
Publisher : World Scientific Publishing Company
Page : 252 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2006-06-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781911299202

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Phosphoinositide 3-kinase Signalling Pathway: The Key To Cell Proliferation And Death by Lam Eric Wing-fai Pdf

Aimed at advanced undergraduates, postgraduates and researchers, this important textbook provides a detailed description of the structure and mechanisms of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3Ks) signalling of all classes, with focus on the cellular context of PI3K activity, including its relevance to normal tissue and diseased states.This book contains a general review chapter detailing the mechanisms of cell proliferation and apoptosis, which are two of the main cellular targets of PI3K signalling. In addition, it provides a detailed description of the role of PI3K on the regulation of FOXO proteins, which are now becoming one of the most closely studied and important proteins in the regulation of cell death, cell proliferation and senescence./a

Blood Glucose Levels

Leszek Szablewski
Blood Glucose Levels Book PDF

Author : Leszek Szablewski
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 140 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2020-01-08
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781789855258

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Blood Glucose Levels by Leszek Szablewski Pdf

The main source of energy for the body is glucose. Its low blood concentrations can cause seizures, loss of consciousness and death. Long lasting high glucose levels can cause blindness, renal failure, cardiac and peripheral vascular disease, and neuropathy. Blood glucose concentrations need to be maintained within narrow limits. The process of maintaining blood glucose at a steady state is called glucose homeostasis. This is achieved through a balance of the rate of consumption of dietary carbohydrates, utilization of glucose by peripheral tissues, and the loss of glucose through the kidney tubule. The liver and kidney also play a role in glucose homeostasis. This book aims to provide an overview of blood glucose levels in health and diseases.

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase Signalling Pathway

Eric W.-F. Lam
Phosphoinositide 3 kinase Signalling Pathway Book PDF

Author : Eric W.-F. Lam
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 238 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Science
ISBN : 1860946267

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Phosphoinositide 3-kinase Signalling Pathway by Eric W.-F. Lam Pdf

Aimed at advanced undergraduates, postgraduates and researchers, this important textbook provides a detailed description of the structure and mechanisms of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3Ks) signalling of all classes, with focus on the cellular context of PI3K activity, including its relevance to normal tissue and diseased states. This book contains a general review chapter detailing the mechanisms of cell proliferation and apoptosis, which are two of the main cellular targets of PI3K signalling. In addition, it provides a detailed description of the role of PI3K on the regulation of FOXO proteins, which are now becoming one of the most closely studied and important proteins in the regulation of cell death, cell proliferation and senescence. Contents: Introduction (E W-F Lam); Cell Proliferation and Cell Death; In Vivo Roles of Cell Cycle and Apoptosis Regulators; The Role of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase in Proliferation and Apoptosis (A Sunters & E W-F Lam); Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Signalling Pathway; Class IA PI3K Enzymes; Class IB PI3K Enzymes; Class II PI3K Enzymes; Class III PI3K Enzymes; Expression of PI3K Enzymes; 3-Phosphoinositide Binding Domains; Downstream Targets of 3-Phosphoinositide; Manipulation of PI3K Enzyme Expression; Biological Role of PI3K Signalling Pathway; Phosphoinositide Phosphatases; The Role of the PI3K Pathway in Disease (J Domin); PI3K Signalling to Cell Survival and Proliferation; Molecules Directly Regulated by D3 Lipids; Genetic Studies of PI3K Function in Model Organisms; Molecules Downstream of PI3K and D3 Lipids; PI3K Regulation of Cell Survival; Signalling from PI3K to Cell Proliferation; Alterations of PI3K and Its Pathways in Cancer; Cancer Therapeutics (P Brennan); FOXO Transcription Factors; Forkhead Transcription Factors; FOXO Transcription Factors; Signalling to FOXO Proteins; Cellular Relocation Mechanism; FOXO Protein Processing; Transcriptional Activity of FoxO Proteins; Functions of FOXO in Vivo; FOXO Targets and Function; FOXO Proteins in Transformation and Diseases (S Fernandez de Mattos et al.). Key Features Provides a clear and well-organized review of PI3K signalling garnered from an exhaustive review of the available literature Readership: Undergraduates, postgraduates, academic researchers, clinicians and scientists working in industry.

Metabolism Meets Function: Untangling the Cross-Talk Between Signalling and Metabolism

Alessandra Castegna,Paolo E. Porporato,Daniel McVicar
Metabolism Meets Function Untangling the Cross Talk Between Signalling and Metabolism Book PDF

Author : Alessandra Castegna,Paolo E. Porporato,Daniel McVicar
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 231 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2020-12-18
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9782889662623

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Metabolism Meets Function: Untangling the Cross-Talk Between Signalling and Metabolism by Alessandra Castegna,Paolo E. Porporato,Daniel McVicar Pdf

This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase in Health and Disease

Christian Rommel,Bart Vanhaesebroeck,Peter K. Vogt
Phosphoinositide 3 kinase in Health and Disease Book PDF

Author : Christian Rommel,Bart Vanhaesebroeck,Peter K. Vogt
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 311 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2010-10-17
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783642136634

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Phosphoinositide 3-kinase in Health and Disease by Christian Rommel,Bart Vanhaesebroeck,Peter K. Vogt Pdf

From humble beginnings over 25 years ago as a lipid kinase activity associated with certain oncoproteins, PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) has been catapulted to the forefront of drug development in cancer, immunity and thrombosis, with the first clinical trials of PI3K pathway inhibitors now in progress. Here we give a brief overview of some key discoveries in the PI3K area and their impact, and include thoughts on the current state of the field, and where it could go from here

Insulin Signalling in Human Adipocytes and its Interplay with beta-Adrenergic Control of Lipolysis

Cecilia Karlsson
Insulin Signalling in Human Adipocytes and its Interplay with beta Adrenergic Control of Lipolysis Book PDF

Author : Cecilia Karlsson
Publisher : Linköping University Electronic Press
Page : 49 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2018-04-27
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789176852859

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Insulin Signalling in Human Adipocytes and its Interplay with beta-Adrenergic Control of Lipolysis by Cecilia Karlsson Pdf

The prevalence of obesity has over the last 40 years nearly tripled and obesity is one of the major risk factors of developing type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes was formerly called adultonset diabetes but today, probably due to the rise in childhood obesity, it is also seen in children and adolescents. Type 2 diabetes is diagnosed when the body no longer can control the glucose levels in the blood. This is due to an insulin resistant state in the insulin responding tissues, liver, adipose and muscle and insufficient production of insulin in the pancreas. However, in spite of extensive research the mechanisms behind insulin resistance is still not known. The adipose tissue is believed to play a major role in the development of whole body insulin resistance. Adipocytes are the most important sites for storage of the high energy containing triacylglycerols. Insulin stimulation causes the adipocyte to increase the uptake of glucose and to reduce lipolysis: the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol and release of glycerol and fatty acids. The insulin signalling network is complex with numerous proteins involved. These signaling proteins not only transmit the insulin signal but also create negative and positive feedbackloops and induce cross talk between different parts of the network and with the signalling of other hormones. One important positive feedback in insulin signalling is the mTORC1 mediated feedback to phosphorylation of IRS1 at serine 307. In paper I we found that in human adipocytes this feedback is not likely catalysed by the assumed kinase S6K1. However we find an immunoprecipitate of mTOR to contain a ser307 phosphorylating kinase. Scaffolding proteins serve as docking sites for several proteins to promote protein-protein interactions that facilitate signal transduction. In paper II we demonstrate the existence of the scaffolding protein IQGAP1 in human adipocytes and that the expression of IQGAP1 is downregulated in type 2 diabetes. We reveal that IQGAP1 co-localises with caveolae, invaginations of the plasma membrane where the insulin receptor is situated, and that this interaction is increased upon insulin stimulation. In paper III we focus on the control of lipolysis, and sought to understand the interplay between insulin and beta-adrenergic stimulation. We demonstrated that the re-esterification of fatty acids is downregulated in type 2 diabetes causing an increased release of fatty acids from the cells. We showed that beta-adrenergic stimulation with isoproterenol induced a negative feedback via PKA/Epac1 -> PI3K -> PKB -> PDE3B that reduced the cAMP levels and thereby also reduced lipolysis. We also showed that insulin, in addition to its well-known anti-lipolytic effect, at high concentrations had a positive effect on lipolysis. In conclusion we reveal an intricate control of the stimulation as well as the inhibition of lipolysis induced by both isoproterenol and insulin.

Apoptosis in Cancer Pathogenesis and Anti-cancer Therapy

Christopher D. Gregory
Apoptosis in Cancer Pathogenesis and Anti cancer Therapy Book PDF

Author : Christopher D. Gregory
Publisher : Springer
Page : 247 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2016-08-24
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783319394060

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Apoptosis in Cancer Pathogenesis and Anti-cancer Therapy by Christopher D. Gregory Pdf

This book discusses properties of apoptosis and other cell death modalities in cancer pathogenesis and treatment. Its nine chapters discuss modulation of anti-tumor inflammatory and immune responses, effects on the tumor microenvironment, to strategies for improving pro-apoptotic therapies, mechanisms and implications for disease pathogenesis, axl and mer receptor tyrosine kinases, immunogenic apoptotic cell death and anti-cancer immunity and cancer cell death-inducing radiotherapy. This book places the onco-biology of apoptosis in clear and objective perspective through an expertly synthesized series of reviews. Apoptosis in Cancer Pathogenesis and Anti-cancer Therapy is a deft and thorough exploration of cutting-edge research in apoptosis and anti-cancer mechanisms from basic biology to oncology. It highlights a rapidly growing field within cancer research and is essential reading for oncologists, biochemists and advanced graduate students alike.

Lipid Signalling in Plant Development and Responses to Environmental Stresses

Eric Ruelland,Olga Valentova
Lipid Signalling in Plant Development and Responses to Environmental Stresses Book PDF

Author : Eric Ruelland,Olga Valentova
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 114 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2016-08-09
Category : Botany
ISBN : 9782889199105

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Lipid Signalling in Plant Development and Responses to Environmental Stresses by Eric Ruelland,Olga Valentova Pdf

In response to environmental stresses, or during development, plant cells will produce lipids that will act as intracellular or intercellular mediators. Glycerophospholipid and/or sphingolipid second messengers resulting from the action of lipid metabolizing enzymes (e.g. lipid-kinases or lipases) are commonly found within cells. The importance of such mediating lipids in plants has become increasingly apparent. Responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, and to plant hormones, all appear to involve and require lipid signals. Likewise, developmental processes, in particular polarized growth, seem also to involve signalling lipids. Amongst these lipids, phosphatidic acid (PA) has received the most attention. It can be produced by phospholipases D, but also by diacylglycerol kinases coupled to phospholipases C. Proteins that bind phosphatidic acid, and for which the activity is altered upon binding, have been identified. Furthermore, other lipids are also important in signalling processes. PA can be phosphorylated into diacylglycerol-pyrophosphate, and plants are one of the first biological models where the production of this lipid has been reported, and its implication in signal transduction have been demonstrated. PA can also be deacylated into lyso- phosphatidic acid. The phosphorylated phosphatidylinositols, i.e. the phosphoinositides, can act as substrate of phospholipases C, but are also mediating lipids per se, since proteins that bind them have been identified. Other important lipid mediators belong to the sphingolipid family such the phosphorylated phytosphingosine, or long-chain bases. Many questions remain unanswered concerning lipid signalling in plants. Understanding and discussing current knowledge on these mechanisms will provide insights into plant mechanisms in response to constraints, either developmental or environmental.

Growth of Farm Animals

Tony Lawrence, Vernon Fowler and Jan Novakofski
Growth of Farm Animals Book PDF

Author : Tony Lawrence, Vernon Fowler and Jan Novakofski
Publisher : CABI
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2024-06-30
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1780641249

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Growth of Farm Animals by Tony Lawrence, Vernon Fowler and Jan Novakofski Pdf

An understanding of the processes that change the shape and composition of farm animals is fundamental to all aspects of production. Updated to include new chapters on avian growth and global warming, and citing new research throughout, this comprehensive textbook provides key information on how animals grow and change in shape and composition, and the factors that affect these processes. Presented in a larger format with new photographs and focus boxes, this third edition continues to fill the important role of helping to understand how the basics of growth must be thoroughly understood if farm animals are to be used efficiently and humanely in producing food for mankind.

Protein Modules in Cellular Signalling

Ludwig Heilmeyer,Ludwig M. G. Heilmeyer,Peter Friedrich
Protein Modules in Cellular Signalling Book PDF

Author : Ludwig Heilmeyer,Ludwig M. G. Heilmeyer,Peter Friedrich
Publisher : IOS Press
Page : 416 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1586031805

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Protein Modules in Cellular Signalling by Ludwig Heilmeyer,Ludwig M. G. Heilmeyer,Peter Friedrich Pdf

Dynamic stability of cells is a function of co-ordination and counterbalance between intracellular signalling events. Therefore, the knowledge of those molecules which form signalling cascades or signalling modules is of prime importance in understanding living processes. Signalling proteins, the component members of different cascades, are the focus of intense interest. Protein phosphorylation dephosphorylation is the prevalent mechanism by which signalling molecules transduce their signals.

Lipid Signaling in Plants

Teun Munnik
Lipid Signaling in Plants Book PDF

Author : Teun Munnik
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 332 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2009-12-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642038730

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Lipid Signaling in Plants by Teun Munnik Pdf

This comprehensive update on plant lipid signaling covers the measurement, regulation and function of phospholipases, lipid kinases, lipid phosphatases, inositolpolphosphates, polyphosphoinositides, phosphatic acid, and other lipid signals such as oxylipins.

mTOR Signaling in Metabolism and Cancer

Shile Huang
mTOR Signaling in Metabolism and Cancer Book PDF

Author : Shile Huang
Publisher : MDPI
Page : 204 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2020-12-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783039435531

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mTOR Signaling in Metabolism and Cancer by Shile Huang Pdf

The mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a serine/threonine kinase, is a central regulator for human physiological activity. Deregulated mTOR signaling is implicated in a variety of disorders, such as cancer, obesity, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases. The papers published in this Special Issue summarize the current understanding of the mTOR pathway and its role in the regulation of tissue regeneration, regulatory T cell differentiation and function, and different types of cancer including hematologic malignancies, skin, prostate, breast, and head and neck cancer. The findings highlight that targeting mTOR pathway is a promising strategy to fight against certain human diseases.

Arthritis: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2012 Edition

Anonim
Arthritis New Insights for the Healthcare Professional 2012 Edition Book PDF

Author : Anonim
Publisher : ScholarlyEditions
Page : 315 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-10
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781464970887

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Arthritis: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2012 Edition by Anonim Pdf

Arthritis: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional / 2012 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Arthritis. The editors have built Arthritis: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional / 2012 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Arthritis in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Arthritis: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional / 2012 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Oxford Textbook of Cancer Biology

Francesco Pezzella,Mahvash Tavassoli,David Kerr
Oxford Textbook of Cancer Biology Book PDF

Author : Francesco Pezzella,Mahvash Tavassoli,David Kerr
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 505 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2019-05-02
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780198779452

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Oxford Textbook of Cancer Biology by Francesco Pezzella,Mahvash Tavassoli,David Kerr Pdf

The study of the biology of tumours has grown to become markedly interdisciplinary, involving chemists, statisticians, epidemiologists, mathematicians, bioinformaticians, and computer scientists alongside biologists, geneticists, and clinicians. The Oxford Textbook of Cancer Biology brings together the most up-to-date developments from different branches of research into one coherent volume, providing a comprehensive and current account of this rapidly evolving field. Structured in eight sections, the book starts with a review of the development and biology of multi-cellular organisms, how they maintain a healthy homeostasis in an individual, and a description of the molecular basis of cancer development. The book then illustrates, as once cells become neoplastic, their signalling network is altered and pathological behaviour follows. It explores the changes that cancer cells can induce in nearby normal tissue, the new relationship established between them and the stroma, and the interaction between the immune system and tumour growth. The authors illustrate the contribution provided by high throughput techniques to map cancer at different levels, from genomic sequencing to cellular metabolic functions, and how information technology, with its vast amounts of data, is integrated with traditional cell biology to provide a global view of the disease. The effect of the different types of treatments on the biology of the neoplastic cells are explored to understand on the one side, why some treatments succeed, and on the other, how they can affect the biology of resistant and recurrent disease. The book concludes by summarizing what we know to date about cancer, and in what direction our understanding of cancer is moving. Edited by leading authorities in the field with an international team of contributors, this book is an essential resource for scholars and professionals working in the wide variety of sub-disciplines that make up today's cancer research and treatment community. It is written not only for consultation, but also for easy cover-to-cover reading.