Plows Plagues And Petroleum

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Plows, Plagues, and Petroleum

William F. Ruddiman

Author : William F. Ruddiman
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2016-10-04
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780691173214

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Plows, Plagues, and Petroleum by William F. Ruddiman Pdf

The impact on climate from 200 years of industrial development is an everyday fact of life, but did humankind's active involvement in climate change really begin with the industrial revolution, as commonly believed? Plows, Plagues, and Petroleum has sparked lively scientific debate since it was first published--arguing that humans have actually been changing the climate for some 8,000 years--as a result of the earlier discovery of agriculture. The "Ruddiman Hypothesis" will spark intense debate. We learn that the impact of farming on greenhouse-gas levels, thousands of years before the industrial revolution, kept our planet notably warmer than if natural climate cycles had prevailed--quite possibly forestalling a new ice age. Plows, Plagues, and Petroleum is the first book to trace the full historical sweep of human interaction with Earth's climate. Ruddiman takes us through three broad stages of human history: when nature was in control; when humans began to take control, discovering agriculture and affecting climate through carbon dioxide and methane emissions; and, finally, the more recent human impact on climate change. Along the way he raises the fascinating possibility that plagues, by depleting human populations, also affected reforestation and thus climate--as suggested by dips in greenhouse gases when major pandemics have occurred. While our massive usage of fossil fuels has certainly contributed to modern climate change, Ruddiman shows that industrial growth is only part of the picture. The book concludes by looking to the future and critiquing the impact of special interest money on the global warming debate. In the afterword, Ruddiman explores the main challenges posed to his hypothesis, and shows how recent investigations and findings ultimately strengthen the book's original claims.

Dire Predictions

Michael E. Mann,Lee R. Kump

Author : Michael E. Mann,Lee R. Kump
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Climatic changes
ISBN : 0133909778

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Dire Predictions by Michael E. Mann,Lee R. Kump Pdf

Presents findings from the 5th Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in easy to understand language and graphics.

Humans Versus Nature

Daniel R. Headrick

Author : Daniel R. Headrick
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 625 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2020
Category : History
ISBN : 9780190864712

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Humans Versus Nature by Daniel R. Headrick Pdf

"This book is about the ongoing conflict between humanity and the natural environment. Over the past 200,000 years, humans have multiplied and populated the Earth. When they domesticated plants and animals and replaced foraging with agriculture and herding, they depleted natural resources, deforested the land, and caused mass extinctions. But nature has agency too, causing pandemics of plague, smallpox, measles, influenza, and other diseases and a climate change called the Little Ice Age. In recent centuries, industrialization has accelerated extinctions, deforestation, and resource depletion, even in the oceans. Twentieth-century developmentalism and mass consumerism have caused global warming and other climate changes. Environmental movements have argued for the need to mitigate the negative consequences of technological and economic change. The future of humanity and the Earth depends on choices between achieving a sustainable balance between humans and nature, carrying on as before, or learning to manage the biosphere. environment, mass extinction, domestication, agriculture, pandemic, industrialization, developmentalism, consumerism, global warming"--

The Sun's Influence on Climate

Joanna D. Haigh,Peter Cargill

Author : Joanna D. Haigh,Peter Cargill
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2015-06-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781400866540

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The Sun's Influence on Climate by Joanna D. Haigh,Peter Cargill Pdf

The Earth's climate system depends entirely on the Sun for its energy. Solar radiation warms the atmosphere and is fundamental to atmospheric composition, while the distribution of solar heating across the planet produces global wind patterns and contributes to the formation of clouds, storms, and rainfall. The Sun’s Influence on Climate provides an unparalleled introduction to this vitally important relationship. This accessible primer covers the basic properties of the Earth’s climate system, the structure and behavior of the Sun, and the absorption of solar radiation in the atmosphere. It explains how solar activity varies and how these variations affect the Earth’s environment, from long-term paleoclimate effects to century timescales in the context of human-induced climate change, and from signals of the 11-year sunspot cycle to the impacts of solar emissions on space weather in our planet’s upper atmosphere. Written by two of the leading authorities on the subject, The Sun’s Influence on Climate is an essential primer for students and nonspecialists alike.

Deep Life

Tullis C. Onstott

Author : Tullis C. Onstott
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 506 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780691096445

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Deep Life by Tullis C. Onstott Pdf

APPENDIX A: Chronology of the Exploration of Subsurface Life -- APPENDIX B: Chronology of the Meeting of the U.S. DOE's SSP Meetings -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- INDEX

The Two-Mile Time Machine

Richard B. Alley

Author : Richard B. Alley
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 246 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2014-10-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781400852246

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The Two-Mile Time Machine by Richard B. Alley Pdf

In the 1990s Richard B. Alley and his colleagues made headlines with the discovery that the last ice age came to an abrupt end over a period of only three years. In The Two-Mile Time Machine, Alley tells the fascinating history of global climate changes as revealed by reading the annual rings of ice from cores drilled in Greenland. He explains that humans have experienced an unusually temperate climate compared to the wild fluctuations that characterized most of prehistory. He warns that our comfortable environment could come to an end in a matter of years and tells us what we need to know in order to understand and perhaps overcome climate changes in the future. In a new preface, the author weighs in on whether our understanding of global climate change has altered in the years since the book was first published, what the latest research tells us, and what he is working on next.

Climate and the Oceans

Geoffrey K. Vallis

Author : Geoffrey K. Vallis
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 245 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780691150284

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Climate and the Oceans by Geoffrey K. Vallis Pdf

Explores climate and oceans, providing a look at the basics of climate, a descriptive overview of the oceans, a brief introduction to dynamics, and coverage of other related topics.

Climate Dynamics

Kerry Cook

Author : Kerry Cook
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2013-07-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781400847334

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Climate Dynamics by Kerry Cook Pdf

A concise introduction to climate system dynamics Climate Dynamics is an advanced undergraduate-level textbook that provides an essential foundation in the physical understanding of the earth's climate system. The book assumes no background in atmospheric or ocean sciences and is appropriate for any science or engineering student who has completed two semesters of calculus and one semester of calculus-based physics. Describing the climate system based on observations of the mean climate state and its variability, the first section of the book introduces the vocabulary of the field, the dependent variables that characterize the climate system, and the typical approaches taken to display these variables. The second section of the book gives a quantitative understanding of the processes that determine the climate state—radiation, heat balances, and the basics of fluid dynamics. Applications for the atmosphere, ocean, and hydrological cycle are developed in the next section, and the last three chapters of the book directly address global climate change. Throughout, the textbook makes connections between mathematics and physics in order to illustrate the usefulness of mathematics, particularly first-year calculus, for predicting changes in the physical world. Climate change will impact every aspect of life in the coming decades. This book supports and broadens understanding of the dynamics of the climate system by offering a much-needed introduction that is accessible to any science, math, or engineering student. Makes a physically based, quantitative understanding of climate change accessible to all science, engineering, and mathematics undergraduates Explains how the climate system works and why the climate is changing Reinforces, applies, and connects the basic ideas of calculus and physics Emphasizes fundamental observations and understanding An online illustration package and solutions manual for professors is available

Natural Climate Variability and Global Warming

Richard W. Battarbee,Heather A. Binney

Author : Richard W. Battarbee,Heather A. Binney
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2009-01-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781444300949

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Natural Climate Variability and Global Warming by Richard W. Battarbee,Heather A. Binney Pdf

Whilst there is now overwhelming evidence that greenhouse-gaspollution is becoming the dominant process responsible for globalwarming, it is also clear that the climate system varies quitenaturally on different time-scales. Predicting the course of futureclimate change consequently requires an understanding of thenatural variability of the climate system as well as the effects ofhuman-induced change. This book is concerned with our currentunderstanding of natural climate change, its variability on decadalto centennial time-scales, the extent to which climate models ofdifferent kinds simulate past variability, and the role of pastclimate variability in explaining changes to natural ecosystems andto human society over the later part of the Holocene. The bookhighlights the need to improve not only our understanding of thephysical system through time but also to improve our knowledge ofhow people may have influenced the climate system in the past andhave been influenced by it, both directly and indirectly. This ground-breaking text addresses predictable modification inthe climate system in the context of global warming. Ideal forresearchers and advanced students, it explores current thinking onnatural climate change. Addresses the natural variability of the climate system in thecontext of global warming Contributes substantially to the ongoing discussion on globalwarming Integrates state of the art research and brings togethermodeling and data communities in a balanced way Considers questions of climate change on differenttime-scales “Natural climate variability and global warming isclearly an important book, well-focused and distinctive, withfundamental things to say about Holocene science and its interfacewith the practical problem of global warming. It is anauthoritative, up-to-date summary and synthesis of currentknowledge in this area and is attractively produced with clear,colour illustrations throughout. It is a ‘must’ for alluniversity libraries and our private book collections.”The Holocene, 2009.

Ice Rivers

Jemma Wadham

Author : Jemma Wadham
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2022-10-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780691241814

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Ice Rivers by Jemma Wadham Pdf

A passionate eyewitness account of the mysteries and looming demise of glaciers—and what their fate means for our shared future The ice sheets and glaciers that cover one-tenth of Earth's land surface are in grave peril. High in the Alps, Andes, and Himalaya, once-indomitable glaciers are retreating, even dying. Meanwhile, in Antarctica, thinning glaciers may be unlocking vast quantities of methane stored for millions of years beneath the ice. In Ice Rivers, renowned glaciologist Jemma Wadham offers a searing personal account of glaciers and the rapidly unfolding crisis that they—and we—face. Taking readers on a personal journey from Europe and Asia to Antarctica and South America, Wadham introduces majestic glaciers around the globe as individuals—even friends—each with their own unique character and place in their community. She challenges their first appearance as silent, passive, and lifeless, and reveals that glaciers are, in fact, as alive as a forest or soil, teeming with microbial life and deeply connected to almost everything we know. They influence crucial systems on which people depend, from lucrative fisheries to fertile croplands, and represent some of the most sensitive and dynamic parts of our world. Their fate is inescapably entwined with our own, and unless we act to abate the greenhouse warming of our planet the potential consequences are almost unfathomable. A riveting blend of cutting-edge research and tales of encounters with polar bears and survival under the midnight sun, Ice Rivers is an unforgettable portrait of—and love letter to—our vanishing icy wildernesses.

Paleoclimate

Michael L. Bender

Author : Michael L. Bender
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2013-08-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780691145556

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Paleoclimate by Michael L. Bender Pdf

Earth's climate has undergone dramatic changes over the geologic timescale. At one extreme, Earth has been glaciated from the poles to the equator for periods that may have lasted millions of years. At another, temperatures were once so warm that the Canadian Arctic was heavily forested and large dinosaurs lived on Antarctica. Paleoclimatology is the study of such changes and their causes. Studying Earth's long-term climate history gives scientists vital clues about anthropogenic global warming and how climate is affected by human endeavor. In this book, Michael Bender, an internationally recognized authority on paleoclimate, provides a concise, comprehensive, and sophisticated introduction to the subject. After briefly describing the major periods in Earth history to provide geologic context, he discusses controls on climate and how the record of past climate is determined. The heart of the book then proceeds chronologically, introducing the history of climate changes over millions of years--its patterns and major transitions, and why average global temperature has varied so much. The book ends with a discussion of the Holocene (the past 10,000 years) and by putting manmade climate change in the context of paleoclimate. The most up-to-date overview on the subject, Paleoclimate provides an ideal introduction to undergraduates, nonspecialist scientists, and general readers with a scientific background.

On Gaia

Toby Tyrrell

Author : Toby Tyrrell
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 325 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2013-07-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781400847914

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On Gaia by Toby Tyrrell Pdf

A critical examination of James Lovelock's controversial Gaia hypothesis One of the enduring questions about our planet is how it has remained continuously habitable over vast stretches of geological time despite the fact that its atmosphere and climate are potentially unstable. James Lovelock's Gaia hypothesis posits that life itself has intervened in the regulation of the planetary environment in order to keep it stable and favorable for life. First proposed in the 1970s, Lovelock's hypothesis remains highly controversial and continues to provoke fierce debate. On Gaia undertakes the first in-depth investigation of the arguments put forward by Lovelock and others—and concludes that the evidence doesn't stack up in support of Gaia. Toby Tyrrell draws on the latest findings in fields as diverse as climate science, oceanography, atmospheric science, geology, ecology, and evolutionary biology. He takes readers to obscure corners of the natural world, from southern Africa where ancient rocks reveal that icebergs were once present near the equator, to mimics of cleaner fish on Indonesian reefs, to blind fish deep in Mexican caves. Tyrrell weaves these and many other intriguing observations into a comprehensive analysis of the major assertions and lines of argument underpinning Gaia, and finds that it is not a credible picture of how life and Earth interact. On Gaia reflects on the scientific evidence indicating that life and environment mutually affect each other, and proposes that feedbacks on Earth do not provide robust protection against the environment becoming uninhabitable—or against poor stewardship by us.

Cities Demanding the Earth

Taylor, Peter,O'Brien, Geoff

Author : Taylor, Peter,O'Brien, Geoff
Publisher : Bristol University Press
Page : 164 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2020-03-25
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781529210484

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Cities Demanding the Earth by Taylor, Peter,O'Brien, Geoff Pdf

This urgent book brings our cities to the fore in understanding the human input into climate change. The demands we are making on nature by living in cities has reached a crisis point and unless we make significant changes to address it, the prognosis is terminal consumption. Providing a radical new argument that integrates global understandings of making nature and making cities, the authors move beyond current policies of mitigation and adaption and pose the challenge of urban stewardship to tackle the crisis. Their new way of thinking re-orients possibilities for environmental policy and calls for us to reinvent our cities as spaces for activism.

World Histories From Below

Antoinette Burton,Tony Ballantyne

Author : Antoinette Burton,Tony Ballantyne
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2016-09-08
Category : History
ISBN : 9781472587664

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World Histories From Below by Antoinette Burton,Tony Ballantyne Pdf

An emphasis on global structures and forces tends to privilege elites and their accomplishments, especially in the grand narratives of student textbooks. This book is an antidote to such studies and places 'ordinary' people and subordinated subjects at the heart of its analysis, arguing that disruption and dissent are overlooked agents of historical change. The contributors range from leaders in the field to rising stars, and cover themes including: - religious conversions - political revolutions - labor struggles - body politics. Each chapter takes a global view of the topic at hand, creating an accessible study of its subject from 1750 to the present day. World Histories From Below has the potential to refocus our entire approach to teaching world history.

Environmental Transformations

Mark Whitehead

Author : Mark Whitehead
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 270 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2014-04-16
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781317859574

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Environmental Transformations by Mark Whitehead Pdf

From the depths of the oceans to the highest reaches of the atmosphere, the human impact on the environment is significant and undeniable. These forms of global and local environmental change collectively appear to signal the arrival of a new geological epoch: the Anthropocene. This is a geological era defined not by natural environmental fluctuations or meteorite impacts, but by collective actions of humanity. Environmental Transformations offers a concise and accessible introduction to the human practices and systems that sustain the Anthropocene. It combines accounts of the carbon cycle, global heat balances, entropy, hydrology, forest ecology and pedology, with theories of demography, war, industrial capitalism, urban development, state theory and behavioural psychology. This book charts the particular role of geography and geographers in studying environmental change and its human drivers. It provides a review of critical theories that can help to uncover the socio-economic and political factors that influence environmental change. It also explores key issues in contemporary environmental studies, such as resource use, water scarcity, climate change, industrial pollution and deforestation. These issues are ‘mapped’ through a series of geographical case studies to illustrate the particular value of geographical notions of space, place and scale, in uncovering the complex nature of environmental change in different socio-economic, political and cultural contexts. Finally, the book considers the different ways in which nations, communities and individuals around the world are adapting to environmental change in the twenty-first century. Particular attention is given throughout to the uneven geographical opportunities that different communities have to adapt to environmental change and to the questions of social justice this situation raises. This book encourages students to engage in the scientific uncertainties that surround the study of environmental change, while also discussing both pessimistic and more optimistic views on the ability of humanity to address the environmental challenges of our current era.

Plows Plagues And Petroleum

Plows, Plagues, and Petroleum by William F. Ruddiman Pdf

Dire Predictions by Michael E. Mann,Lee R. Kump Pdf

Humans Versus Nature by Daniel R. Headrick Pdf

The Sun's Influence on Climate by Joanna D. Haigh,Peter Cargill Pdf

Deep Life by Tullis C. Onstott Pdf

The Two-Mile Time Machine by Richard B. Alley Pdf

Climate and the Oceans by Geoffrey K. Vallis Pdf

Climate Dynamics by Kerry Cook Pdf

Natural Climate Variability and Global Warming by Richard W. Battarbee,Heather A. Binney Pdf

Ice Rivers by Jemma Wadham Pdf

Paleoclimate by Michael L. Bender Pdf

On Gaia by Toby Tyrrell Pdf

Cities Demanding the Earth by Taylor, Peter,O'Brien, Geoff Pdf

World Histories From Below by Antoinette Burton,Tony Ballantyne Pdf

Environmental Transformations by Mark Whitehead Pdf

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