Practices Of Reason

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Practices of Reason

C. D. C. Reeve
Practices of Reason Book PDF

Author : C. D. C. Reeve
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 1992
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : STANFORD:36105000084728

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Practices of Reason by C. D. C. Reeve Pdf

Practices of Reason is an exploration of the epistemological, metaphysical, and psychological foundations of the Nicomachean Ethics. In a striking reversal of current orthodoxy, Professor Reeve argues that scientific-knowledge (episteme) is possible in ethics, that dialectic and understanding (nous) play essentially the same role in ethics as in an Aristotelian science, and that the distinctive role of practical wisdom (phronesis) is to use the knowledge of universals provided by science, dialectic, and understanding so as to best promote happiness (eudaimomia) in particular circumstances and to ensure a happy life. Turning to happiness itself, the author develops a new account of Aristotle's views on ends and functions, exposing their twofold nature. He argues that the activation of theoretical wisdom is primary happiness, and that the activation of practical wisdom - when it is for the sake of primary happiness - is happiness of a secondary kind. He concludes with an account of the virtues of character, external goods, and friends, and their place in the happy life. The book will be of interest to all those who have unanswered questions about the central arguments, concepts, and presuppositions of the Nicomachean Ethics.

Practices of Reason

Ladislav Koreň
Practices of Reason Book PDF

Author : Ladislav Koreň
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2021-04-13
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781000377446

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Practices of Reason by Ladislav Koreň Pdf

This book offers new insights into the nature of human rational capacities by engaging inferentialism with empirical research in the cognitive sciences. Inferentialism advocates that humans’ unique kind of intelligence is discursive and rooted in competencies to make, assess and justify claims. This approach provides a rich source of valuable insights into the nature of our rational capacities, but it is underdeveloped in important respects. For example, little attempt has been made to assess inferentialism considering relevant scientific research on human communication, cognition or reasoning. By engaging philosophical and scientific approaches in a productive dialogue, this book shows how we can better understand human rational capacities by comparing their respective strengths and weaknesses. In this vein, the author critically revisits and constructively develops central themes from the work of Robert Brandom and other "language rationalists": the nature of the assertoric practice and its connection to reasoned discourse, the linguistic constitution of the shared space of reasons, the social nature and function of reasoning, the intersubjective roots of social-normative practices and the nature of objective thought. Practices of Reason will be of interest to scholars and advanced students working in philosophy of mind, philosophy of language and philosophy of logic.

Applications and Practices in Ontology Design, Extraction, and Reasoning

G. Cota,M. Daquino,G.L. Pozzato
Applications and Practices in Ontology Design Extraction and Reasoning Book PDF

Author : G. Cota,M. Daquino,G.L. Pozzato
Publisher : IOS Press
Page : 244 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2020-12-02
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781643681436

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Applications and Practices in Ontology Design, Extraction, and Reasoning by G. Cota,M. Daquino,G.L. Pozzato Pdf

Semantic Web technologies enable people to create data stores on the Web, build vocabularies, and write rules for handling data. They have been in use for several years now, and knowledge extraction and knowledge discovery are two key aspects investigated in a number of research fields which can potentially benefit from the application of semantic web technologies, and specifically from the development and reuse of ontologies. This book, Applications and Practices in Ontology Design, Extraction, and Reasoning, has as its main goal the provision of an overview of application fields for semantic web technologies. In particular, it investigates how state-of-the-art formal languages, models, methods, and applications of semantic web technologies reframe research questions and approaches in a number of research fields. The book also aims to showcase practical tools and background knowledge for the building and querying of ontologies. The first part of the book presents the state-of-the-art of ontology design, applications and practices in a number of communities, and in doing so it provides an overview of the latest approaches and techniques for building and reusing ontologies according to domain-dependent and independent requirements. Once the data is represented according to ontologies, it is important to be able to query and reason about them, also in the presence of uncertainty, vagueness and probabilities. The second part of the book covers some of the latest advances in the fields of ontology, semantics and reasoning, without losing sight of the book’s practical goals.

Nicomachean Ethics

Aristotle
Nicomachean Ethics Book PDF

Author : Aristotle
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Page : 152 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2016-10-27
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 153978438X

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Nicomachean Ethics by Aristotle Pdf

The Ethics of Aristotle is one half of a single treatise of which his Politics is the other half. Both deal with one and the same subject. This subject is what Aristotle calls in one place the "philosophy of human affairs;" but more frequently Political or Social Science. In the two works taken together we have their author's whole theory of human conduct or practical activity, that is, of all human activity which is not directed merely to knowledge or truth. The Nicomachean Ethics is the name normally given to Aristotle's best-known work on ethics. The work, which plays a pre-eminent role in defining Aristotelian ethics, consists of ten books, originally separate scrolls, and is understood to be based on notes from his lectures at the Lyceum. The title is often assumed to refer to his son Nicomachus, to whom the work was dedicated or who may have edited it (although his young age makes this less likely). Alternatively, the work may have been dedicated to his father, who was also called Nicomachus. The theme of the work is a Socratic question previously explored in the works of Plato, Aristotle's friend and teacher, of how men should best live. In his Metaphysics, Aristotle described how Socrates, the friend and teacher of Plato, had turned philosophy to human questions, whereas Pre-Socratic philosophy had only been theoretical. Ethics, as now separated out for discussion by Aristotle, is practical rather than theoretical, in the original Aristotelian senses of these terms. In other words, it is not only a contemplation about good living, because it also aims to create good living. It is therefore connected to Aristotle's other practical work, the Politics, which similarly aims at people becoming good. Ethics is about how individuals should best live, while the study of politics is from the perspective of a law-giver, looking at the good of a whole community.

Politics of Practical Reasoning

Ricca Edmondson,Karlheinz Hülser
Politics of Practical Reasoning Book PDF

Author : Ricca Edmondson,Karlheinz Hülser
Publisher : Lexington Books
Page : 321 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2012-09-20
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780739172278

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Politics of Practical Reasoning by Ricca Edmondson,Karlheinz Hülser Pdf

The capacity for reasonable argument about practical and political matters is important to our daily lives. Yet what does arguing really involve? Often, our very concept of what it is to argue seems systematically distorted. Practical, political arguing is too often stylized as hyper-cognitive, ending by treating people as objects rather than other selves — in ways that are fundamentally unreasonable. This book examines what follows from seeing people as deliberating and acting in ways that intertwine a variety of emotional and evaluative processes and effects of virtue or character. From this point of view, practical arguing involves not just cognition, emotion, and virtue, but also practices, including imaginative practices. Politics of Practical Reasoning: Integrating Action, Discourse and Argument uses these ideas to interrogate ways in which reasoning is bound up with the interrelated lives that human beings lead in their everyday, public and political worlds. We build here on efforts to re-concretize practical reasoning in modern traditions linked to phenomenology and Wittgensteinian thought, also referring back to Aristotle and the Stoics in classical times. Medieval theologians and philosophers such as Aquinas confront the same issue, as do Enlightenment thinkers such as Smith and Kant. Using the history of philosophical thought as one of our major sources, the contributors sympathize with the link underscored between interpretation, tradition and reasoning by Gadamer, the stress placed on communicative and emancipatory action by Habermas, and MacIntyre’s notion of praxis as highlighting deliberation within communities. All these approaches respond to practical reasoning as practical. Building on these points of view, the volume both explores what practical reasoning itself means, and applies it to particular questions: what it means to respond to arguments about meaningful work or disability, or how to debate institutional ethics or art. None of these debates is susceptible to exclusively cognitive or technical solutions; this does not mean abandoning them to unreason. Practical and political reasoning is examined here from an appropriately broad spectrum of approaches, founded in a concern for what human reasoning can justifiably be expected to involve, and what justifying it can reasonably be expected to achieve.

The Routledge Handbook of Practical Reason

Ruth Chang,Kurt Sylvan
The Routledge Handbook of Practical Reason Book PDF

Author : Ruth Chang,Kurt Sylvan
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 576 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2020-12-29
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781000337068

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The Routledge Handbook of Practical Reason by Ruth Chang,Kurt Sylvan Pdf

Over the last several decades, questions about practical reason have come to occupy the center stage in ethics and metaethics. The Routledge Handbook of Practical Reason is an outstanding reference source to this exciting and distinctive subject area and is the first volume of its kind. Comprising thirty-six chapters by an international team of contributors, the Handbook provides a comprehensive overview of the field and is divided into five parts: Foundational Matters Practical Reason in the History of Philosophy Philosophy of Practical Reason as Action Theory and Moral Psychology Philosophy of Practical Reason as Theory of Practical Normativity The Philosophy of Practical Reason as the Theory of Practical Rationality The Handbook also includes two chapters by the late Derek Parfit, ‘Objectivism about Reasons’ and ‘Normative Non-Naturalism.’ The Routledge Handbook of Practical Reason is essential reading for philosophy students and researchers in metaethics, philosophy of action, action theory, ethics, and the history of philosophy.

The Practices of the Self

Charles E. Larmore
The Practices of the Self Book PDF

Author : Charles E. Larmore
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2010-12-15
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780226468877

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The Practices of the Self by Charles E. Larmore Pdf

Charles Larmore develops a theory of the self that challenges the widespread view that the we always know our own thoughts.

Routines for Reasoning

Grace Kelemanik,Amy Lucenta,Susan Janssen Creighton
Routines for Reasoning Book PDF

Author : Grace Kelemanik,Amy Lucenta,Susan Janssen Creighton
Publisher : Heinemann Educational Books
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Education
ISBN : 0325078157

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Routines for Reasoning by Grace Kelemanik,Amy Lucenta,Susan Janssen Creighton Pdf

Routines can keep your classroom running smoothly. Now imagine having a set of routines focused not on classroom management, but on helping students develop their mathematical thinking skills. Routines for Reasoning provides expert guidance for weaving the Standards for Mathematical Practice into your teaching by harnessing the power of classroom-tested instructional routines. Grace Kelemanik, Amy Lucenta, and Susan Janssen Creighton have applied their extensive experience teaching mathematics and supporting teachers to crafting routines that are practical teaching and learning tools. -- Provided by publisher.

Principles and Practice of Case-based Clinical Reasoning Education

Olle ten Cate,Eugène J.F.M. Custers,Steven J. Durning
Principles and Practice of Case based Clinical Reasoning Education Book PDF

Author : Olle ten Cate,Eugène J.F.M. Custers,Steven J. Durning
Publisher : Springer
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2017-11-06
Category : Education
ISBN : 9783319648286

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Principles and Practice of Case-based Clinical Reasoning Education by Olle ten Cate,Eugène J.F.M. Custers,Steven J. Durning Pdf

This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This volume describes and explains the educational method of Case-Based Clinical Reasoning (CBCR) used successfully in medical schools to prepare students to think like doctors before they enter the clinical arena and become engaged in patient care. Although this approach poses the paradoxical problem of a lack of clinical experience that is so essential for building proficiency in clinical reasoning, CBCR is built on the premise that solving clinical problems involves the ability to reason about disease processes. This requires knowledge of anatomy and the working and pathology of organ systems, as well as the ability to regard patient problems as patterns and compare them with instances of illness scripts of patients the clinician has seen in the past and stored in memory. CBCR stimulates the development of early, rudimentary illness scripts through elaboration and systematic discussion of the courses of action from the initial presentation of the patient to the final steps of clinical management. The book combines general backgrounds of clinical reasoning education and assessment with a detailed elaboration of the CBCR method for application in any medical curriculum, either as a mandatory or as an elective course. It consists of three parts: a general introduction to clinical reasoning education, application of the CBCR method, and cases that can used by educators to try out this method.

Right and Reason; Ethics in Theory and Practice

Austin 1901-1975 Fagothey
Right and Reason Ethics in Theory and Practice Book PDF

Author : Austin 1901-1975 Fagothey
Publisher : Hassell Street Press
Page : 520 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2021-09-09
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 101366132X

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Right and Reason; Ethics in Theory and Practice by Austin 1901-1975 Fagothey Pdf

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Dimensions of Normativity

David Plunkett,Scott J. Shapiro,Kevin Toh
Dimensions of Normativity Book PDF

Author : David Plunkett,Scott J. Shapiro,Kevin Toh
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 384 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2019-01-11
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780190640422

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Dimensions of Normativity by David Plunkett,Scott J. Shapiro,Kevin Toh Pdf

Understood one way, the branch of contemporary philosophical ethics that goes by the label "metaethics" concerns certain second-order questions about ethics-questions not in ethics, but rather ones about our thought and talk about ethics, and how the ethical facts (insofar as there are any) fit into reality. Analogously, the branch of contemporary philosophy of law that is often called "general jurisprudence" deals with certain second order questions about law- questions not in the law, but rather ones about our thought and talk about the law, and how legal facts (insofar as there are any) fit into reality. Put more roughly (and using an alternative spatial metaphor), metaethics concerns a range of foundational questions about ethics, whereas general jurisprudence concerns analogous questions about law. As these characterizations suggest, the two sub-disciplines have much in common, and could be thought to run parallel to each other. Yet, the connections between the two are currently mostly ignored by philosophers, or at least under-scrutinized. The new essays collected in this book are aimed at changing this state of affairs. Dimensions of Normativity collects together works by metaethicists and legal philosophers that address a number of issues that are of common interest, with the goal of accomplishing a new rapprochement between the two sub-disciplines.

Articulating Reasons

Robert BRANDOM
Articulating Reasons Book PDF

Author : Robert BRANDOM
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 242 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2009-06-30
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780674028739

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Articulating Reasons by Robert BRANDOM Pdf

Robert B. Brandom is one of the most original philosophers of our day, whose book Making It Explicit covered and extended a vast range of topics in metaphysics, epistemology, and philosophy of language--the very core of analytic philosophy. This new work provides an approachable introduction to the complex system that Making It Explicit mapped out. A tour of the earlier book's large ideas and relevant details, Articulating Reasons offers an easy entry into two of the main themes of Brandom's work: the idea that the semantic content of a sentence is determined by the norms governing inferences to and from it, and the idea that the distinctive function of logical vocabulary is to let us make our tacit inferential commitments explicit. Brandom's work, making the move from representationalism to inferentialism, constitutes a near-Copernican shift in the philosophy of language--and the most important single development in the field in recent decades. Articulating Reasons puts this accomplishment within reach of nonphilosophers who want to understand the state of the foundations of semantics. Table of Contents: Introduction 1. Semantic Inferentialism and Logical Expressivism 2. Action, Norms, and Practical Reasoning 3. Insights and Blindspots of Reliabilism 4. What Are Singular Terms, and Why Are There Any? 5. A Social Route from Reasoning to Representing 6. Objectivity and the Normative Fine Structure of Rationality Notes Index Displaying a sovereign command of the intricate discussion in the analytic philosophy of language, Brandom manages successfully to carry out a program within the philosophy of language that has already been sketched by others, without losing sight of the vision inspiring the enterprise in the important details of his investigation ' Using the tools of a complex theory of language, Brandom succeeds in describing convincingly the practices in which the reason and autonomy of subjects capable of speech and action are expressed. --J'rgen Habermas

Teaching for Thinking

Grace Kelemanik,Amy Lucenta
Teaching for Thinking Book PDF

Author : Grace Kelemanik,Amy Lucenta
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 184 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2022-01-24
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0325120072

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Teaching for Thinking by Grace Kelemanik,Amy Lucenta Pdf

Teaching our children to think and reason mathematically is a challenge, not because students can't learn to think mathematically, but because we must change our own often deeply-rooted teaching habits. This is where instructional routines come in. Their predictable design and repeatable nature support both teachers and students to develop new habits. In Teaching for Thinking, Grace Kelemanik and Amy Lucenta pick up where their first book, Routines for Reasoning, left off. They draw on their years of experience in the classroom and as instructional coaches to examine how educators can make use of routines to make three fundamental shifts in teaching practice: Focus on thinking: Shift attention away from students' answers and toward their thinking and reasoning Step out of the middle: Shift the balance from teacher-student interactions toward student-student interactions Support productive struggle: Help students do the hard thinking work that leads to real learning With three complete new routines, support for designing your own routine, and ideas for using routines in your professional learning as well as in your classroom teaching, Teaching for Thinking will help you build new teaching habits that will support all your students to become and see themselves as capable mathematicians.

Second Language Literacy Practices and Language Learning Outside the Classroom

Miho Inaba
Second Language Literacy Practices and Language Learning Outside the Classroom Book PDF

Author : Miho Inaba
Publisher : Multilingual Matters
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2018-11-21
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781788922128

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Second Language Literacy Practices and Language Learning Outside the Classroom by Miho Inaba Pdf

This book presents a comprehensive and detailed study of literacy practices and language use outside of the classroom by university students of Japanese. It investigates both tasks related to classes (e.g. homework and preparation for classes) and voluntary activities in the target language (e.g. watching TV and writing emails) and discusses how values, motivations and types of activities differ between the two contexts. It employs sociocultural perspectives to observe reading and writing activities within and under the influence of individual and social contexts, such as learner motives, peer networks and the language classroom, and contributes to the related research areas in the field of second language acquisition, such as motivation, autonomous language learning and language learning strategies. Crucially, the book not only documents out-of-class literacy activities, but also examines which teaching practices facilitate and promote such out-of-class language learning and use. It considers which literacy activities in the target language students undertake out-of-class, which factors encourage or discourage such out-of-class activity and how and with which tools they undertake these activities. As such the book provides guidance for classroom teaching and suggests that slight changes to teaching practices in the classroom may enhance autonomous learning outside the classroom.

Science and Public Reason

Sheila Jasanoff
Science and Public Reason Book PDF

Author : Sheila Jasanoff
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 306 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2012-07-26
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781136288401

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Science and Public Reason by Sheila Jasanoff Pdf

This collection of essays by Sheila Jasanoff explores how democratic governments construct public reason, that is, the forms of evidence and argument used in making state decisions accountable to citizens. The term public reason as used here is not simply a matter of deploying principled arguments that respect the norms of democratic deliberation. Jasanoff investigates what states do in practice when they claim to be reasoning in the public interest. Reason, from this perspective, comprises the institutional practices, discourses, techniques and instruments through which governments claim legitimacy in an era of potentially unbounded risks—physical, political, and moral. Those legitimating efforts, in turn, depend on citizens’ acceptance of the forms of reasoning that governments offer. Included here therefore is an inquiry into the conditions that lead citizens of democratic societies to accept policy justification as being reasonable. These modes of public knowing, or “civic epistemologies,” are integral to the constitution of contemporary political cultures. Methodologically, the book is grounded in the field of Science and Technology Studies (STS). It uses in-depth qualitative studies of legal and political practices to shed light on divergent cross-cultural constructions of public reason and the reasoning political subject. The collection as a whole contributes to democratic theory, legal studies, comparative politics, geography, and ethnographies of modernity, as well as STS.