Predator Prey Dynamics

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Predator-Prey Dynamics

Michael R. Conover
Predator Prey Dynamics Book PDF

Author : Michael R. Conover
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2007-03-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781420009125

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Predator-Prey Dynamics by Michael R. Conover Pdf

Humans, being visually oriented, are well versed in camouflage and how animals hide from predators that use vision to locate prey. However, many predators do not hunt by sight; they hunt by scent. This raises the question: do survival mechanisms and behaviors exist which allow animals to hide from these olfactory predators? If so, what are they, and how do they work? Predator-Prey Dynamics: The Role of Olfaction examines environmental as well as biological and behavioral elements of both predators and prey to answer gaps in our current knowledge of the survival dynamics of species. Beginning with a thorough look at the mechanics of olfaction, the author explains how predators detect, locate, and track their prey using odor trails on the ground or odor plumes in the air. Understanding the physics of airflow is the next step to understanding the potential for manipulating and masking scent. While a bush may conceal an animal visually from a predator, it will not protect an animal from a predator using olfaction. To hide from the latter, an animal needs to hide in locations where turbulence and updrafts will disperse its scent. The book addresses tradeoffs that animals must make given their dual needs to hide from predators and to procure food and water. Studies of mammalian and avian behavior provide examples on the actual use and efficacy of olfactory camouflage tactics. The book concludes with a redefinition of ecological terms based on the physics of airflow and a summary of the theory and implications of olfactory predator--prey dynamics. Introducing the mechanics of olfaction and its influence on the behavior of both predators and prey, Predator-Prey Dynamics: The Role of Olfaction presents a new perception of the world and enables us to understand and more effectively manage the delicate survival dynamics of animals in the wild.

Predator-Prey Dynamics

Michael R. Conover
Predator Prey Dynamics Book PDF

Author : Michael R. Conover
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2007-03-30
Category : Nature
ISBN : STANFORD:36105123272358

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Predator-Prey Dynamics by Michael R. Conover Pdf

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The Dynamics of Arthropod Predator-prey Systems

Michael Patrick Hassell
The Dynamics of Arthropod Predator prey Systems Book PDF

Author : Michael Patrick Hassell
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 254 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 1978-12-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 0691082154

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The Dynamics of Arthropod Predator-prey Systems by Michael Patrick Hassell Pdf

In this study of arthropod predador-prey systems Michael Hassell shows how many of the components of predation may be simply modeled in order to reveal their effects on the overall dynamics of the interacting populations. Arthropods, particularly insects, make ideal subjects for such a study because their generation times are characteristically short and many have relatively discrete generations, inviting the use of difference equation models to describe population changes. Using analytical models framed in difference equations, Dr. Hassell is able to show how the detailed biological processes of insect predator-prey (including host-parasitoid) interactions may be understood. Emphasizing the development and subsequent stability analysis of general models, the author considers in detail several crucial components of predator-prey models: the prey's rate of increase as a function of density, non-random search, mutual interference, and the predator's rate of increase as a function of predator survival and fecundity. Drawing on the correspondence between the models and field and laboratory data, Dr. Hassell then discusses the practical implications for biological pest control and suggests how such models may help to formulate a theoretical basis for biological control practices.

Insect Predator-Prey Dynamics

A. F. G. Dixon
Insect Predator Prey Dynamics Book PDF

Author : A. F. G. Dixon
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2000-06
Category : Nature
ISBN : 0521622034

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Insect Predator-Prey Dynamics by A. F. G. Dixon Pdf

Much of our understanding about insect predator-prey dynamics has been due to studies on insect parasitoids. But do true predators such as ladybird beetles really operate in a similar way and how does this affect their use in biological control? The extensive literature on ladybirds as biocontrol agents shows that their size and rate of development is very dependent on the nature of their prey. This volume explores basic ladybird biology, their association with their prey and its effect on development rate and body size. Optimal foraging theory, field observations and laboratory experiments are used to illustrate how ladybird larvae maximise their rate of energy intake, and ladybird adults their fitness. The interdependence of these life history parameters is then used to develop a simple predator-prey model which, with an analysis of the literature, highlights the specific attributes of potentially successful biocontrol agents for all those interested in predator-prey dynamics.

Trophic Cascades

John Terborgh,James A Estes
Trophic Cascades Book PDF

Author : John Terborgh,James A Estes
Publisher : Island Press
Page : 488 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2013-06-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781597268196

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Trophic Cascades by John Terborgh,James A Estes Pdf

Trophic cascades—the top-down regulation of ecosystems by predators—are an essential aspect of ecosystem function and well-being. Trophic cascades are often drastically disrupted by human interventions—for example, when wolves and cougars are removed, allowing deer and beaver to become destructive—yet have only recently begun to be considered in the development of conservation and management strategies. Trophic Cascades is the first comprehensive presentation of the science on this subject. It brings together some of the world’s leading scientists and researchers to explain the importance of large animals in regulating ecosystems, and to relate that scientific knowledge to practical conservation. Chapters examine trophic cascades across the world’s major biomes, including intertidal habitats, coastal oceans, lakes, nearshore ecosystems, open oceans, tropical forests, boreal and temperate ecosystems, low arctic scrubland, savannas, and islands. Additional chapters consider aboveground/belowground linkages, predation and ecosystem processes, consumer control by megafauna and fire, and alternative states in ecosystems. An introductory chapter offers a concise overview of trophic cascades, while concluding chapters consider theoretical perspectives and comparative issues. Trophic Cascades provides a scientific basis and justification for the idea that large predators and top-down forcing must be considered in conservation strategies, alongside factors such as habitat preservation and invasive species. It is a groundbreaking work for scientists and managers involved with biodiversity conservation and protection.

Community Ecology

Gary G. Mittelbach,Brian J. McGill
Community Ecology Book PDF

Author : Gary G. Mittelbach,Brian J. McGill
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 448 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2019-05-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780192572868

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Community Ecology by Gary G. Mittelbach,Brian J. McGill Pdf

Community ecology has undergone a transformation in recent years, from a discipline largely focused on processes occurring within a local area to a discipline encompassing a much richer domain of study, including the linkages between communities separated in space (metacommunity dynamics), niche and neutral theory, the interplay between ecology and evolution (eco-evolutionary dynamics), and the influence of historical and regional processes in shaping patterns of biodiversity. To fully understand these new developments, however, students continue to need a strong foundation in the study of species interactions and how these interactions are assembled into food webs and other ecological networks. This new edition fulfils the book's original aims, both as a much-needed up-to-date and accessible introduction to modern community ecology, and in identifying the important questions that are yet to be answered. This research-driven textbook introduces state-of-the-art community ecology to a new generation of students, adopting reasoned and balanced perspectives on as-yet-unresolved issues. Community Ecology is suitable for advanced undergraduates, graduate students, and researchers seeking a broad, up-to-date coverage of ecological concepts at the community level.

Foraging Behavior

A.C. Kamil,J.R. Drebs,H.R. Pulliam
Foraging Behavior Book PDF

Author : A.C. Kamil,J.R. Drebs,H.R. Pulliam
Publisher : Springer
Page : 700 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 1987-05
Category : Science
ISBN : UCSD:31822005684709

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Foraging Behavior by A.C. Kamil,J.R. Drebs,H.R. Pulliam Pdf

Foraging behavior has always been a central concern of ecology. Understanding what animals eat is clearly an essential component of under standing many ecological issues including energy flow, competition and adaptation. Theoretical and empirical developments in the late 1960's and 1970's led to a new emphasis in the study of foraging behavior, the study of individual animals in both field and laboratory. This development, in turn, led to an explosion of interest in foraging. Part of the reason for this explosion is that when foraging is studied at the individual level, it is relevant to many disciplines. Behaviorists, including ethologists and psychologists, are interested in any attempt to understand behavior. Ecologists know that a better understanding of foraging will contribute to resolving a number of important ecological issues. Anthropologists and others are applying the ideas coming out of the study of foraging behavior to problems within their disciplines. These developments led to a multidisciplinary symposium on foraging behavior, held as part of the 1978 Animal Behavior Society meetings in Seattle, Washington. Many ecologists, ethologists and psychologists participated or attended. The symposium was very successful. generating a high level of excitement. As a result, the participants decided to publish the proceedings of the symposium (Kami1 & Sargent 1981).

Social Predation

Guy Beauchamp
Social Predation Book PDF

Author : Guy Beauchamp
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2013-12-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780124076549

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Social Predation by Guy Beauchamp Pdf

The classic literature on predation dealt almost exclusively with solitary predators and their prey. Going back to Lotka-Volterra and optimal foraging theory, the theory about predation, including predator-prey population dynamics, was developed for solitary species. Various consequences of sociality for predators have been considered only recently. Similarly, while it was long recognized that prey species can benefit from living in groups, research on the adaptive value of sociality for prey species mostly emerged in the 1970s. The main theme of this book is the various ways that predators and prey may benefit from living in groups. The first part focusses on predators and explores how group membership influences predation success rate, from searching to subduing prey. The second part focusses on how prey in groups can detect and escape predators. The final section explores group size and composition and how individuals respond over evolutionary times to the challenges posed by chasing or being chased by animals in groups. This book will help the reader understand current issues in social predation theory and provide a synthesis of the literature across a broad range of animal taxa. Includes the whole taxonomical range rather than limiting it to a select few Features in-depth analysis that allows a better understanding of many subtleties surrounding the issues related to social predation Presents both models and empirical results while covering the extensive predator and prey literature Contains extensive illustrations and separate boxes that cover more technical features, i.e., to present models and review results

The Dynamics of Arthopod Predator-Prey Systems. (MPB-13), Volume 13

Michael Patrick Hassell
The Dynamics of Arthopod Predator Prey Systems MPB 13 Volume 13 Book PDF

Author : Michael Patrick Hassell
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 250 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2020-03-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780691209968

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The Dynamics of Arthopod Predator-Prey Systems. (MPB-13), Volume 13 by Michael Patrick Hassell Pdf

In this study of arthropod predador-prey systems Michael Hassell shows how many of the components of predation may be simply modeled in order to reveal their effects on the overall dynamics of the interacting populations. Arthropods, particularly insects, make ideal subjects for such a study because their generation times are characteristically short and many have relatively discrete generations, inviting the use of difference equation models to describe population changes. Using analytical models framed in difference equations, Dr. Hassell is able to show how the detailed biological processes of insect predator-prey (including host-parasitoid) interactions may be understood. Emphasizing the development and subsequent stability analysis of general models, the author considers in detail several crucial components of predator-prey models: the prey's rate of increase as a function of density, non-random search, mutual interference, and the predator's rate of increase as a function of predator survival and fecundity. Drawing on the correspondence between the models and field and laboratory data, Dr. Hassell then discusses the practical implications for biological pest control and suggests how such models may help to formulate a theoretical basis for biological control practices.

Nonlinear Dynamics of Interacting Populations

A. D. Bazykin,Aleksandr Iosifovich Khibnik,Bernd Krauskopf
Nonlinear Dynamics of Interacting Populations Book PDF

Author : A. D. Bazykin,Aleksandr Iosifovich Khibnik,Bernd Krauskopf
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Science
ISBN : 9810216858

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Nonlinear Dynamics of Interacting Populations by A. D. Bazykin,Aleksandr Iosifovich Khibnik,Bernd Krauskopf Pdf

This book contains a systematic study of ecological communities of two or three interacting populations. Starting from the Lotka-Volterra system, various regulating factors are considered, such as rates of birth and death, predation and competition. The different factors can have a stabilizing or a destabilizing effect on the community, and their interplay leads to increasingly complicated behavior. Studying and understanding this path to greater dynamical complexity of ecological systems constitutes the backbone of this book. On the mathematical side, the tool of choice is the qualitative theory of dynamical systems — most importantly bifurcation theory, which describes the dependence of a system on the parameters. This approach allows one to find general patterns of behavior that are expected to be observed in ecological models. Of special interest is the reaction of a given model to disturbances of its present state, as well as to changes in the external conditions. This leads to the general idea of “dangerous boundaries” in the state and parameter space of an ecological system. The study of these boundaries allows one to analyze and predict qualitative and often sudden changes of the dynamics — a much-needed tool, given the increasing antropogenic load on the biosphere.As a spin-off from this approach, the book can be used as a guided tour of bifurcation theory from the viewpoint of application. The interested reader will find a wealth of intriguing examples of how known bifurcations occur in applications. The book can in fact be seen as bridging the gap between mathematical biology and bifurcation theory.

Predator Ecology

John P. DeLong
Predator Ecology Book PDF

Author : John P. DeLong
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 177 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2021
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780192895509

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Predator Ecology by John P. DeLong Pdf

Predator-prey interactions are ubiquitous, govern the flow of energy up trophic levels, and strongly influence the structure of ecological systems. They are typically quantified using the functional response - the relationship between a predator's foraging rate and the availability of food. As such, the functional response is central to how all ecological communities function - since all communities contain foragers - and a principal driver of the abundance, diversity, and dynamics of ecological communities. The functional response also reflects all the behaviors, traits, and strategies that predators use to hunt prey and that prey use to evade predation. It is thus both a clear reflection of past evolution, including predator-prey arms races, and a major force driving the future evolution of both predator and prey. Despite their importance, there have been remarkably few attempts to synthesize or even briefly review functional responses. This novel and accessible book fills this gap, clearly demonstrating their crucial role as the link between individuals, evolution, and community properties, representing a highly-integrated and measurable aspect of ecological function. It provides a clear entry point for students, a refresher for more advanced researchers, and a motivator for future research. Predator Ecology is an advanced textbook suitable for graduate students and researchers in ecology and evolutionary biology seeking a broad, up-to-date, and authoritative coverage of the field. It will also be of relevance and use to mathematical ecologists, wildlife biologists, and anyone interested in predator-prey interactions.

Modeling Dynamic Biological Systems

Bruce Hannon,Matthias Ruth
Modeling Dynamic Biological Systems Book PDF

Author : Bruce Hannon,Matthias Ruth
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 399 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461206514

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Modeling Dynamic Biological Systems by Bruce Hannon,Matthias Ruth Pdf

Models help us understand the dynamics of real-world processes by using the computer to mimic the actual forces that are known or assumed to result in a system's behavior. This book does not require a substantial background in mathematics or computer science.

Size-Structured Populations

Bo Ebenman,Lennart Persson
Size Structured Populations Book PDF

Author : Bo Ebenman,Lennart Persson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642740015

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Size-Structured Populations by Bo Ebenman,Lennart Persson Pdf

At last both ecology and evolution are covered in this study on the dynamics of size-structured populations. How does natural selection shape growth patterns and life cycles of individuals, and hence the size-structure of populations? This book will stimulate biologists to look into some important and interesting biological problems from a new angle of approach, concerning: - life history evolution, - intraspecific competition and niche theory, - structure and dynamics of ecological communities.

Group Selection in Predator-Prey Communities. (MPB-9), Volume 9

Michael E. Gilpin
Group Selection in Predator Prey Communities MPB 9 Volume 9 Book PDF

Author : Michael E. Gilpin
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 126 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2020-03-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780691209463

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Group Selection in Predator-Prey Communities. (MPB-9), Volume 9 by Michael E. Gilpin Pdf

Many animals regulate their population density by patterns of behavior that would be easy to explain if the forces of natural selection acted to optimize group properties. But Darwinian selection acts on individuals, not groups, and most simple theories have shown group selection to be too slow ever to oppose individual selection successfully. In this book Michael Gilpin presents a model, based on predator-prey dynamics, wherein nonlinear effects are important, so that small advantages to the selfish individual are nonlinearly amplified into disaster for his group. The result is that group selection can be rapid and powerful. Of course many instances of apparent group selection can be explained by kin selection; in other cases, close examination reveals that seemingly altruistic behavior directly benefits the individual genotype as well as the group. The value of the monograph is that it provides a robust model in which group selection, pure and unadulterated, can be seen to work.

A Short History of Mathematical Population Dynamics

Nicolas Bacaër
A Short History of Mathematical Population Dynamics Book PDF

Author : Nicolas Bacaër
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 160 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2011-02-01
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780857291158

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A Short History of Mathematical Population Dynamics by Nicolas Bacaër Pdf

As Eugene Wigner stressed, mathematics has proven unreasonably effective in the physical sciences and their technological applications. The role of mathematics in the biological, medical and social sciences has been much more modest but has recently grown thanks to the simulation capacity offered by modern computers. This book traces the history of population dynamics---a theoretical subject closely connected to genetics, ecology, epidemiology and demography---where mathematics has brought significant insights. It presents an overview of the genesis of several important themes: exponential growth, from Euler and Malthus to the Chinese one-child policy; the development of stochastic models, from Mendel's laws and the question of extinction of family names to percolation theory for the spread of epidemics, and chaotic populations, where determinism and randomness intertwine. The reader of this book will see, from a different perspective, the problems that scientists face when governments ask for reliable predictions to help control epidemics (AIDS, SARS, swine flu), manage renewable resources (fishing quotas, spread of genetically modified organisms) or anticipate demographic evolutions such as aging.