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Author : Anonim
Publisher : Pearson Prentice Hall
Page : 39 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2024-06-30
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9780137015290
Author : Boaz Ganor
Publisher : Pearson Education
Page : 40 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2009-05-19
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780137015566
As terrorist organizations such as Al-Qaeda have been transformed from hierarchical organizations to more fluid networks, countering terrorism requires an understanding of networks. These networks evolve rapidly in response to actions to thwart them, leading to an ongoing struggle of terrorist and antiterrorist networks. In this chapter, Boaz Ganor examines the evolving threat of terrorist networks and network-based responses. As he notes, “it takes a network to beat a network.” He also examines direct and indirect implications for business organizations.
Author : Kevin Werbach
Publisher : Pearson Education
Page : 37 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2009-05-19
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780137015542
Telecommunications is a networked business, yet it traditionally has resisted a network-based view in its strategies and business models. In this chapter, Kevin Werbach explores this paradox, contrasting the worldview of Monists such as AT&T, who see the infrastructure as inseparable from the network, and Dualists such as Google, who see the network and its applications as distinct from the underlying infrastructure. Not surprisingly, AT&T is a proponent of “tiered access” whereas Google argues for “network neutrality.” Finally, Werbach examines how a more modular future might bridge the gap between those who seek to own and capitalize on the network and those who seek to expand it through more neutral offerings.
Author : Valery Yakubovich,Ryan Burg
Publisher : Pearson Education
Page : 41 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2009-05-19
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780137015498
Although any manager would recognize the importance of “networking” in finding, developing, and retaining employees, human resource management traditionally has focused on individuals. In this chapter, the authors point out that core HR processes such as recruitment and hiring, training and development, performance management, and retention all depend on networks. They consider the importance of weak ties in matching employees with jobs and “structural holes” in promoting creativity. They urge managers to make the shift from an atomized view to a network view of human resources--from focusing on the “trees” to understanding the “forest.” They show that networks can boost efficiency and productivity by facilitating information sharing, attracting talent, and strengthening employees’ commitment to the firm. But networks may also pose risks such as “lift-outs,” in which a departing employee takes other workers in his or her network. The authors explore how managers need to understand the impact of networks and how to “manage” them.
Author : Steven O. Kimbrough
Publisher : Pearson Education
Page : 41 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2009-05-19
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780137015375
Artificial intelligence (AI) offers computational methodologies for modeling systems, which can be valuable in understanding networks. In this chapter, the author examines several types of applications of these methods in exploring how the behavior of individual agents leads to outcomes across networks. For example, he considers how one system, based on a Prisoner’s Dilemma that provides a higher payoff for players who don’t cooperate, can result in a surprising outcome in which cooperation dominates after many rounds of play. He also considers agent-based models--including turtles in a pond, showing discrimination effects; and sugar and spice trading, showing interactions through trading. Finally, he explores applications to ant colony optimization and swarming optimization of flocks of birds or schools of fish. He concludes that computational models offer important insights into networks, and the procedures used in modeling have a significant impact. The discussion also demonstrates that “networks matter,” affecting outcomes in sometimes unpredictable ways.
Author : Witold J. Henisz
Publisher : Pearson Education
Page : 28 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2009-05-19
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780137015559
From oil companies seeking rights to drill to consumer products firms attempting to forestall a consumer boycott, organizations often seek to influence political or social policy to achieve their own objectives. But to exert this influence, they need to understand the structure of political and social networks. In this chapter, Witold Henisz examines how information about the structure of political and social networks can be integrated into data acquisition and analysis, as well as strategy implementation. Although sophisticated companies have long relied on an informal understanding of networks of informants to gather information about social and political actors at home and abroad, the analysis of the information and design of an influence strategy has too often occurred without reference to that structure. As Henisz points out, a more rigorous approach to analysis is transforming political and social risk management from art to quasi-formal science. This chapter outlines the past, present, and future frontiers of political and social risk management with particular attention to using an understanding of the network structure of diverse actors in perceiving, analyzing, and influencing the political and social environment.
Author : Christoph Zott,Raphael Amit
Publisher : Pearson Education
Page : 38 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2009-05-19
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780137015108
Zott and Amit explore the role of business models in creating value through networks. They review earlier, firm-centric views of value creation, including Porter’s value chain, the resource-based view, and the transaction costs approach. They point out that business models go well beyond classic views of network theory (e.g., topography and structure) and include notions of purpose, acceptance, fairness, coherence, and viability. Based on their earlier framework for e-business models, they explore the role of four major interlinked value drivers: efficiency, complementarities, lock-in, and novelty. They argue that the focal firm’s business model acts as both an engine for value-creation and an invaluable construct for understanding the firm’s role in relation to other business model participants in the networks in which it is embedded.
Author : Manuel E. Sosa
Publisher : Pearson Education
Page : 43 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2009-05-19
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780137015399
Complex products, such as airplanes and automobiles, are designed by networks of design teams working on different components, often across organizations. The challenge in managing these networks is to decompose the project into manageable pieces but then coordinate the entire network to produce the best overall design. In this chapter, Manuel Sosa offers insights on this challenge. He examines the design structure matrix (DSM) as a project management tool for planning complex development efforts and discusses the engineering and managerial implications of considering complex products as networks of interconnected subsystems and components. In particular, he considers the impact of modularity on interactions among subcomponents. Finally, he examines organizational communications, overlaying product interfaces with communications interfaces of development teams to understand where communication links may be missing or unnecessary. The discussion offers insights on any complex design and coordination challenge, where networks of individuals or teams work together to contribute to a larger whole.
Author : J. Shin Teh,Harvey Rubin
Publisher : Pearson Education
Page : 50 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2009-05-19
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780137015580
Infectious diseases are complex, interdependent events that can be described as networks over enormous scales of time and distance from the molecular to the societal, from the local microenvironment to the global stage. In this chapter, Teh and Rubin argue that meeting this challenge effectively requires a solution that engages networks. This network-based perspective must inform not only the development and distribution of drugs and vaccines for infectious diseases, but also the development of strategies of primary prevention that use the knowledge of such networks to disrupt and limit disease spread. In this review, they analyze infectious diseases in the context of the networks underlying the evolution, establishment, and propagation of disease. They also review the network-based analyses for modeling disease spread and allowing a better understanding of the counter-interventions needed. Finally, they outline the future challenges in this area and propose a collaborative international solution based on a “global compact” that will allow effective diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of infectious diseases.
Author : Alan M. Kantrow
Publisher : Pearson Education
Page : 31 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2009-05-19
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780137015313
Human knowledge and traditions can persist long after their relevance disappears, particularly in an environment of rapid change. Organizational routines often continue in force long after memory of their purpose has been lost. But memory is rarely lost entirely. It usually lingers, in distributed fragments, in an organization’s social networks and can, when needed, be reassembled. This chapter examines the role of such networks in the process of memory loss and recovery.
Author : Sonia Kleindorfer,James G. Mitchell
Publisher : Pearson Education
Page : 42 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2009-05-19
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780137015351
Biology remains the most extensive and complex information network on the planet. This chapter examines the nature of biological networks, including their inherent stability and risks to their resilience. After a general introduction exploring networks and biological systems, this chapter reviews (1) the evolution of biological networks; (2) principles that govern biological networks; and (3) measures of stability, productivity, and efficiency in biological networks. The authors use examples from food (energy) transfer in rainforests and coral reefs, as well as the creation of a biological network through colonization in Darwin’s Finches of the Galapagos Islands. Research shows that while large biological networks are inherently unstable, some are more stable than others.
Author : Christophe Van den Bulte,Stefan Wuyts
Publisher : Pearson Education
Page : 37 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2009-05-19
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780137015092
Social networks and word-of-mouth marketing are increasingly important, yet few current practices are based on a deep understanding of how the structure of networks can affect customer behavior and marketing outcomes. This chapter offers some critical observations on current word-of-mouth marketing practices and identifies four key questions that managers need to ask themselves before engaging in campaigns designed to leverage customer networks: Can we be confident that interpersonal influence or social contagion is really important? Why exactly would social contagion occur? Should we target key influentials? Can we identify and target those influentials? The answers to these questions cannot be taken for granted.
Author : George S. Day,Paul J. H. Schoemaker,Scott T. Snyder
Publisher : Pearson Education
Page : 42 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2009-05-19
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780137015115
Although networks in key business areas such as communications, supply chains, R&D, and sales are designed to improve the flow of information, people, or goods, they can also be used to improve the “peripheral vision” of the organization. In this chapter, the authors examine how networks can be used by organizations to scan, sense, and adapt to new and important signals from the organization’s strategic environment beyond its core focus. The first part of the chapter emphasizes the importance of peripheral vision in helping organizations not being blindsided by threats while seeing new opportunities sooner. The authors examine some key obstacles to using networks to better mine the periphery for early insight. They then explore how extended networks can help the organization be a responsive open system adapting faster to changes in the environment. They examine to what extent network constructs such as centrality, hierarchy, self-healing, distributed intelligence, multihoming, and latency can be used to improve organizational networks for scanning the periphery. The last section explores some of the leadership challenges associated with using networks to detect weak signals sooner.
Author : Dawn Iacobucci,James Salter
Publisher : Pearson Education
Page : 40 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2009-05-19
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780137015344
This chapter provides an overview of social networks, the basic discipline from which ideas and terminology are drawn when characterizing popular phenomena such as “social networking” Internet sites like Facebook. The authors offer the reader a flavor of the theoretical and empirical research conducted by social network scholars since the 1930s. They explore how researchers have used social networks to generate and test economic, sociological, and organizational theories. They also examine broad insights from this research, as well as management implications in areas such as advertising, brands, loyalty, authenticity, and segmentation. The overriding message is that as power shifts from firms to social networks, companies have less control over their own destinies and need to pay more attention to networks.
Author : C.K. Prahalad
Publisher : Pearson Education
Page : 28 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2009-05-19
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780137015306
The locus of innovation is shifting from the firm to the network. In contrast to developing standalone products, innovators are drawing together networks that deliver a personalized, co-created experience to the customer. This chapter describes a model in which nodal firms link communities of customers with communities of prequalified vendors. It examines cases from cardiac pacemakers to addressing diabetes and explores the implications of this shift for product and service innovation, value creation, and new sources of competitive advantage.
