Prevention Effectiveness A Guide To Decision Analysis And Economic Evaluation

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Prevention Effectiveness

Author : Anne C. Haddix,Steven M. Teutsch,Phaedra S. Corso
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 287 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780195148978

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Prevention Effectiveness by Anne C. Haddix,Steven M. Teutsch,Phaedra S. Corso Pdf

As public accountability has increased and resources have become scarcer, public health, like clinical medicine, has been forced to re-examine the benefits and costs of its activities. Decision and economic analysis are basic tools in carrying out that mission. These methods have become standard practice in clinical medicine and health services research. This book , now in its second edition, was written in an effort to apply and adapt that experience with public health situations.The book was originally written to introduce Centers for Disease Control and Prevention staff to the concepts of decision and economic analysis, to provide guidance on methods to maximize comparability of studios, and to provide access to frequently used reference information. It has been adapted to meet the needs of scientists and managers in state and local health departments and managed care organizations as well as students in schools of public health and clinicians for an introductory text --a text that shows how these methods can be applied in population-based practice, to facilitate better comparability of studies, and to solidify understanding of the scientific basis for use of these tools in decision making. Decision makers will learn how these studies are conducted so they can be critical consumers-- understanding the strengths and limitations- and apply findings to policy and practice.The second edition updates and expands upon the standard methodology for condcuting prevention effectiveness analyses. Each chapter has been revised or re-written. The chapters on measuring effectiveness, decision analysis, and making information useful for decision makers as well as several appendices are entirely new.

Handbook of Economic Evaluation of HIV Prevention Programs

Author : David R. Holtgrave
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 291 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2013-06-29
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781489918789

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Handbook of Economic Evaluation of HIV Prevention Programs by David R. Holtgrave Pdf

If resources for HIV prevention efforts were truly unlimited, then this book would be en tirely unnecessary. In a world with limitless support for HIV prevention activities, one would simply implement all effective (or potentially effective) programs without regard to expense. We would do everything useful to prevent the further spread of the virus that has already claimed hundreds of thousands of lives in the United States and millions of lives worldwide. Unfortunately, funding for HIV prevention programs is limited. Even though the amount of available funding may seem quite large (especially in the United States), it is still fixed and not sufficient to meet all needs for such programs. This was very well illustrated in the summer of 1997 when over 500 community-based organizations applied for a combined total of $18 million of HIV prevention funding from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Less than one-fifth ofthese organizations received support via this funding mechanism. Hence, although $18 million may seem like a large amount of money at first blush, it is not enough to meet all of the prevention needs that could be addressed by these community-based organizations.

Encyclopedia of Medical Decision Making

Author : Michael W. Kattan
Publisher : SAGE Publications
Page : 1281 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2009-08-15
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781452261492

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Encyclopedia of Medical Decision Making by Michael W. Kattan Pdf

Decision making is a critical element in the field of medicine that can lead to life-or-death outcomes, yet it is an element fraught with complex and conflicting variables, diagnostic and therapeutic uncertainties, patient preferences and values, and costs. Together, decisions made by physicians, patients, insurers, and policymakers determine the quality of health care, quality that depends inherently on counterbalancing risks and benefits and competing objectives such as maximizing life expectancy versus optimizing quality of life or quality of care versus economic realities. Broadly speaking, concepts in medical decision making (MDM) may be divided into two major categories: prescriptive and descriptive. Work in the area of prescriptive MDM investigates how medical decisions should be done using complicated analyses and algorithms to determine cost-effectiveness measures, prediction methods, and so on. In contrast, descriptive MDM studies how decisions actually are made involving human judgment, biases, social influences, patient factors, and so on. The Encyclopedia of Medical Decision Making gives a gentle introduction to both categories, revealing how medical and healthcare decisions are actually made—and constrained—and how physician, healthcare management, and patient decision making can be improved to optimize health outcomes. Key Features Discusses very general issues that span many aspects of MDM, including bioethics; health policy and economics; disaster simulation modeling; medical informatics; the psychology of decision making; shared and team medical decision making; social, moral, and religious factors; end-of-life decision making; assessing patient preference and patient adherence; and more Incorporates both quantity and quality of life in optimizing a medical decision Considers characteristics of the decisionmaker and how those characteristics influence their decisions Presents outcome measures to judge the quality or impact of a medical decision Examines some of the more commonly encountered biostatistical methods used in prescriptive decision making Provides utility assessment techniques that facilitate quantitative medical decision making Addresses the many different assumption perspectives the decision maker might choose from when trying to optimize a decision Offers mechanisms for defining MDM algorithms With comprehensive and authoritative coverage by experts in the fields of medicine, decision science and cognitive psychology, and healthcare management, this two-volume Encyclopedia is a must-have resource for any academic library.

Dissemination and Implementation Research in Health

Author : Ross C. Brownson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 545 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2017-12-05
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780190683214

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Dissemination and Implementation Research in Health by Ross C. Brownson Pdf

Fifteen to twenty years is how long it takes for the billions of dollars of health-related research to translate into evidence-based policies and programs suitable for public use. Over the past 15 years, an exciting science has emerged that seeks to narrow the gap between the discovery of new knowledge and its application in public health, mental health, and health care settings. Dissemination and implementation (D & I) research seeks to understand how to best apply scientific advances in the real world, by focusing on pushing the evidence-based knowledge base out into routine use. To help propel this crucial field forward, leading D & I scholars and researchers have collaborated to put together this volume to address a number of key issues, including : how to evaluate the evidence base on effective interventions; which strategies will produce the greatest impact; how to design an appropriate study; and how to track a set of essential outcomes. D & I studies must also take into account the barriers to uptake of evidence-based interventions in the communities where people live their lives and the social service agencies, hospitals, and clinics where they receive care. The challenges of moving research to practice and policy are universal, and future progress calls for collaborative partnerships and cross-country research. The fundamental tenet of D & I research--taking what we know about improving health and putting it into practice--must be the highest priority. This book is nothing less than a roadmap that will have broad appeal to researchers and practitioners across many disciplines. [Ed.].

Economic Evaluation

Author : Fox-Rushby, Julia,Cairns, John
Publisher : McGraw-Hill Education (UK)
Page : 263 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2005-11-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780335218479

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Economic Evaluation by Fox-Rushby, Julia,Cairns, John Pdf

There are so many ways in which health might be improved today and, as technology improves, the opportunities will increase. However, there are limits to budgets as well as other resources so choices have to be made about what to spend money and time on. Economic evaluation can help set out the value of the costs and benefits from competing choices. This book examines how to undertake economic evaluation of health care interventions in low, middle and high income countries. It covers: Ways in which economic evaluations might be structured Approaches to measuring and valuing costs and effects Interpreting and presenting evidence Appraising the quality and usefulness of economic evaluations

How to Write a Successful Research Grant Application

Author : Willo Pequegnat,Ellen Stover,Cheryl Anne Boyce
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 401 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2010-11-02
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781441914545

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How to Write a Successful Research Grant Application by Willo Pequegnat,Ellen Stover,Cheryl Anne Boyce Pdf

Over the last fifty years behavioral and medical research has been generously supported by the federal government, private foundations, and other philanthropic organizations contributing to the development of a vibrant public health system both in the United States and worldwide. However, these funds are dwindling and to stay competitive, investigators must understand the funding environment and know how to translate their hypotheses into research grant applications that reviewers evaluate as having scientific merit. The Second Edition of ‘How to Write a Successful Research Grant Application’ is the only book of its kind written by federal research investigators which provides technical assistance for researchers applying for biobehavioral and psychosocial research funding and can give them an edge in this competitive environment. The book provides invaluable tips on all aspects of the art of grantsmanship, including: how to determine research opportunities and priorities, how to develop the different elements of an application, how to negotiate the electronic submission and review processes, and how to disseminate the findings. Charts, visual aids, Web links, an extensive real-world example of a research proposal with budget, and a "So You Were Awarded Your Grant—Now What?" chapter show prospective applicants how to: - Formulate a testworthy—and interesting—hypothesis. - Select the appropriate research mechanism. - Avoid common pitfalls in proposal writing. - Develop an adequate control group. - Conduct a rigorous qualitative inquiry. - Develop a budget justification of costs. - Develop a human subjects of animal welfare plan. - Write a data analytic plan. - Design a quality control/assurance program. - Read between the lines of a summary of the review of your application. Although its focus is on Public Health Service funding, ‘How to Write a Successful Research Grant’ is equally useful for all research proposals, including graduate students preparing a thesis or dissertation proposal. Service providers in community-based organizations and public health agencies will also find this a useful resource in preparing a proposal to compete for grant funds from state and community resources, non-government organizations, and foundations.

Health Services Reports

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 840 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Audio-visual materials
ISBN : UIUC:30112018347648

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Health Services Reports by Anonim Pdf

Public Health Reports

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 244 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Public health
ISBN : NWU:35556028724367

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Public Health Reports by Anonim Pdf

Optimization of Behavioral, Biobehavioral, and Biomedical Interventions

Author : Linda M. Collins,Kari C. Kugler
Publisher : Springer
Page : 301 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2018-07-28
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783319917764

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Optimization of Behavioral, Biobehavioral, and Biomedical Interventions by Linda M. Collins,Kari C. Kugler Pdf

Behavioral, biobehavioral, and biomedical interventions are programs with the objective of improving and maintaining human health and well-being, broadly defined, in individuals, families, schools, organizations, or communities. These interventions may be aimed at, for example, preventing or treating disease, promoting physical and mental health, preventing violence, or improving academic achievement. This book provides additional information on a principled empirical framework for developing interventions that are more effective, efficient, economical, and scalable. This framework is introduced in the monograph, "Optimization of Behavioral, Biobehavioral, and Biomedical Interventions: The Multiphase Optimization Strategy (MOST)" by Linda M. Collins (Springer, 2018). The present book is focused on advanced topics related to MOST. The chapters, all written by experts, are devoted to topics ranging from experimental design and data analysis to development of a conceptual model and implementation of a complex experiment in the field. Intervention scientists who are preparing to apply MOST will find this book an important reference and guide for their research. Fields to which this work pertains include public health (medicine, nursing, health economics, implementation sciences), behavioral sciences (psychology, criminal justice), statistics, and education.

Evidence-based Public Health

Author : Ross C. Brownson,Elizabeth Anne Baker,Anjali D. Deshpande,Kathleen N. Gillespie
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 369 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2017-06-15
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780190620936

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Evidence-based Public Health by Ross C. Brownson,Elizabeth Anne Baker,Anjali D. Deshpande,Kathleen N. Gillespie Pdf

The acclaimed textbook for navigating the practice and challenges of public health, now updated and completely revised ""It should be recommended or assigned to all students in public health.""--American Journal of Epidemiology This fully revised and updated edition Evidence-Based Public Health offers an essential primer on how to choose, carry out, and evaluate evidence-based programs and policies in public health settings. It addresses not only how to locate and utilize scientific evidence, but also how to implement and evaluate interventions in a way that generates new evidence

Economic Evaluation of Interventions for Occupational Health and Safety

Author : Emile Tompa,Anthony J Culyer,Roman Dolinschi
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2008-08-21
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 9780199533596

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Economic Evaluation of Interventions for Occupational Health and Safety by Emile Tompa,Anthony J Culyer,Roman Dolinschi Pdf

Undertaking economic evaluations of workplace-based occupational health and safety interventions can be difficult, reflected by the significant lack of literature, evidence and guidance on the subject. Particular difficulties include: complex labour legislation; differences in the perception of health risks associated with work experiences amongst workplace parties and policy makers; the burden of costs and consequences being borne by different stakeholders in the system; conflicting incentives and priorities between the multiple stakeholders; lack of consensus about what ought to count as a benefit or cost of intervening or not intervening; multiple providers of indemnity and medical care coverage; and industry-specific human resources practices making it difficult to identify all work-related illnesses and injuries. In addition, most health economics methods books are designed for use in a clinical setting, which cannot be adapted for the workplace setting. In the face of such barriers, it is not surprising that few studies of occupational health and safety interventions contain an economic evaluation. This book aims to lay the foundations for a systematic methodology of economic evaluation of workplace interventions, by identifying the main barriers to research of high quality and practical relevance, and proposing a research strategy to remedy these weaknesses. Context chapters provide a wealth of background material ranging from a presentation of the broad conceptualization of work and health, to suggestions for strategies in confronting the dearth of data often experienced by occupational health and safety researchers. They take into account the varying institutional and regulatory approaches in different international jurisdictions. Specific topic chapters delve into the principles and application of economic evaluation methods relevant to this setting: study design, type of analysis, costs, consequences, uncertainty, and equity are all covered, providing guidance on analytical and decision making challenges. The concluding chapter synthesizes the summaries, conclusions, challenges and recommendations from across the book, presenting these in a reference case.

Occupational Ergonomics

Author : Amit Bhattacharya,James D. McGlothlin
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 1335 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2012-03-08
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781439819340

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Occupational Ergonomics by Amit Bhattacharya,James D. McGlothlin Pdf

In the fifteen years since the publication of Occupational Ergonomics: Theory and Applications significant advances have been made in this field. These advances include understanding the impact of ageing and obesity on workplace, the role of ergonomics in promoting healthy workplaces and healthy life styles, the role of ergonomic science in the design of consumer products, and much more. The caliber of information and the simple, practical ergonomics solutions in the second edition of this groundbreaking resource, though, haven’t changed. See What’s New in the Second Edition: Enhanced coverage of ergonomics in the international arena Emerging topics such as Healthcare Ergonomics and economics of ergonomics Coverage of disability management and psychosocial rehabilitation aspects of workplace and its ergonomics implication Current ergonomics solutions from "research to practice" Synergy of healthy workplaces with healthy lifestyles Impact of physical agents on worker health/safety and its control Additional problems with solutions in the appendix The book covers the fundamentals of ergonomics and the practical application of those fundamentals in solving ergonomic problems. The scope is such that it can be used as a reference for graduate students in the health sciences, engineering, technology and business as well as professional practitioners of these disciplines. Also, it can be used as a senior level undergraduate textbook, with solved problems, case studies, and exercises included in several chapters. The book blends medical and engineering applications to solve musculoskeletal, safety, and health problems in a variety of traditional and emerging industries ranging from the office to the operating room to operations engineering.

Introduction to Economic Evaluation in Oral Health Care

Author : Carlos Zaror,Rodrigo Mariño
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 241 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2022-05-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783030962890

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Introduction to Economic Evaluation in Oral Health Care by Carlos Zaror,Rodrigo Mariño Pdf

This is the first known book on economic evaluations specifically geared to oral health professionals. The book serves as a starting point that explains the concepts and tools required for practitioners with little or no formal training or experience in economic evaluation to conduct such evaluations in oral health(care). It provides the foundation for applying economic evaluation principles to oral health programs as well as more advanced technical information for those interested in acquiring knowledge of health economics within the context of oral health care. In the book, the authors describe the different types of economic evaluation and discuss their role and application in oral health care. Topics explored among the chapters include: Why carry out an economic evaluation in oral health care? Aspects of decision modelling for economic evaluation in oral health care Interpreting economic evaluation in oral health Worked examples in cost-effectiveness, cost-benefit, and cost-utility analyses Assessing the quality and usefulness of economic evaluation in oral health: a practical approach for clinicians Using economic evaluations to inform decision-making in oral health: Transferability Economic evaluation: uses and potential uses in oral health policy development Introduction to Economic Evaluation in Oral Health Care has an applied orientation that emphasizes practical solutions to managing existing problems and situations in oral health care. As such, the book is essential reading for oral health professionals including dentists, oral health therapists, and dental hygienists, as well as students in the oral health professions. The text is also an appropriate and useful resource for other health practitioners and managers who are interested in enhancing their practical understanding of economic evaluation including health economists and other health professionals and decision-makers.

Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Diseases
ISBN : UCR:31210016735100

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Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report by Anonim Pdf