Product Standards Harmonization And Trade

Product Standards Harmonization And Trade Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle version is available to download in english. Read online anytime anywhere directly from your device. Click on the download button below to get a free pdf file of Product Standards Harmonization And Trade book. This book definitely worth reading, it is an incredibly well-written.

product standards,harmonization,and trade: evidence from the extensive margin

Ben Shepherd
product standards harmonization and trade evidence from the extensive margin Book PDF

Author : Ben Shepherd
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 34 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : CDI.
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

Get Book

product standards,harmonization,and trade: evidence from the extensive margin by Ben Shepherd Pdf

Abstract: The author uses a new database of EU product standards in the textiles, clothing, and footwear sectors to present the first empirical evidence that international standards harmonization is associated with increased partner country export variety. A 10 percentage point increase in the proportion of internationally harmonized standards is associated with a 0.2 percent increase in partner country export variety, whereas a 10 percent increase in the total number of standards is associated with a nearly 6 percent decrease in product variety. Although small, the harmonization elasticity is statistically significant, and proves highly robust to sample changes and instrumental variables estimation using instruments motivated by political economy considerations. Moreover, it is found to be around 50 percent higher for low income countries, which suggests that they may be particularly constrained in adapting products to meet multiple standards. Numerical simulations show that these findings are consistent with a heterogeneous firms model of trade in which harmonization is beneficial at the extensive margin provided that any increases in compliance costs are not too large.

Product Standards, Harmonization, and Trade

Ben Shepherd
Product Standards Harmonization and Trade Book PDF

Author : Ben Shepherd
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 34 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1290703078

Get Book

Product Standards, Harmonization, and Trade by Ben Shepherd Pdf

The author uses a new database of EU product standards in the textiles, clothing, and footwear sectors to present the first empirical evidence that international standards harmonization is associated with increased partner country export variety. A 10 percentage point increase in the proportion of internationally harmonized standards is associated with a 0.2 percent increase in partner country export variety, whereas a 10 percent increase in the total number of standards is associated with a nearly 6 percent decrease in product variety. Although small, the harmonization elasticity is statistically significant, and proves highly robust to sample changes and instrumental variables estimation using instruments motivated by political economy considerations. Moreover, it is found to be around 50 percent higher for low income countries, which suggests that they may be particularly constrained in adapting products to meet multiple standards. Numerical simulations show that these findings are consistent with a heterogeneous firms model of trade in which harmonization is beneficial at the extensive margin provided that any increases in compliance costs are not too large.

Handbook on Product Standards and International Trade

James J. Nedumpara,Satwik Shekhar,Akshaya Venkataraman
Handbook on Product Standards and International Trade Book PDF

Author : James J. Nedumpara,Satwik Shekhar,Akshaya Venkataraman
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
Page : 315 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2021-11-05
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789403534145

Get Book

Handbook on Product Standards and International Trade by James J. Nedumpara,Satwik Shekhar,Akshaya Venkataraman Pdf

Global Trade Law Series, Volume 55 India, one of the world’s foremost trading nations, exhibits a particularly complex regulatory landscape with a variety of standard-setting bodies, regulators, accreditation and certification bodies, inspection agencies, as well as several state-level regulators. This is the first book to extensively describe the nature of standard-setting processes in India and the key agencies involved with this task, greatly clarifying the scope of market opportunities in the country. Lucid contributions from experienced practitioners and regulators with first-hand experience in formulating and advising on standards-related issues in international trade help disentangle the web of laws, regulations, operations, and functions of India’s standard setters in governmental, non-governmental, and industry contexts. The chapters describe how standards apply to such crucial trade aspects as the following: conformity assessment practice and procedure; environmental, ethical, social, and safety issues; import bans and import licensing; certification and labelling measures; mutual recognition agreements; food safety; and standardisation of the digital economy. The book is drafted throughout in an easy-to-read style, with numerous tables, flowcharts, and figures illustrating step-by-step compliance procedures. Informative annexes guide the reader to relevant agencies and identify their roles and responsibilities. This book provides a clear and concise guide to the operations, functions, and compliance and documentation requirements of India’s standard-setting and regulatory bodies across all sectors and products, and thus will serve as an unmatched guide for manufacturers, traders, and exporters operating in the Indian market or seeking to export to India. It will also serve as a useful Handbook to policymakers, academics, and researchers interested in understanding the role of standard-setting bodies in the field of international trade.

Harmonization, Equivalence and Mutual Recognition of Standards in WTO Law

Humberto Zúñiga Schroder
Harmonization Equivalence and Mutual Recognition of Standards in WTO Law Book PDF

Author : Humberto Zúñiga Schroder
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
Page : 232 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2011-07-01
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789041142757

Get Book

Harmonization, Equivalence and Mutual Recognition of Standards in WTO Law by Humberto Zúñiga Schroder Pdf

Standards are a feature of virtually all areas of trade in products and services. Yet, although standards may achieve an efficient economic exchange, they have discriminatory consequences for trading partners when governments formulate or apply them in such a way as to cause obstacles to trade, thus enrolling standards among the increasingly significant ‘non-tariff barriers’ regulated by the WTO. This unique and original study analyses the functions that standards fulfil in the market, their effect on trade, and the legal regime based on harmonization, equivalence and mutual recognition developed by the WTO to deal with standards. The author investigates the way in which both the WTO Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) and the Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Measures Agreements regulate these three tools, and discusses key topics including: The definition of the concept ‘International Standard’ in the TBT Agreement. Guidelines on equivalence issued by organizations such as the Codex Alimentarius Commission, the World Organization for Animal Health and the International Plant Protection Convention. Parallels between the EC mutual recognition regime and the WTO system. This is the first work on its subject. With its detailed and practical analysis of WTO law on standards, the book is a fundamental reference for practitioners, academics and policy makers in international trade law.

Standards, Conformity Assessment, and Trade

International Standards, Conformity Assessment, and U.S. Trade Policy Project Committee,Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy,National Research Council
Standards Conformity Assessment and Trade Book PDF

Author : International Standards, Conformity Assessment, and U.S. Trade Policy Project Committee,Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy,National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 253 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 1995-03-29
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780309587884

Get Book

Standards, Conformity Assessment, and Trade by International Standards, Conformity Assessment, and U.S. Trade Policy Project Committee,Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy,National Research Council Pdf

Mandated standards used for vehicle airbags, International Organization for Standards (ISO) standards adopted for photographic film, de facto standards for computer software--however they arise, standards play a fundamental role in the global marketplace. Standards, Conformity Assessment, and Trade provides a comprehensive, up-to-date analysis of the link between standards, product testing and certification, and U.S. economic performance. The book includes recommendations for streamlining standards development, increasing the efficiency of product testing and certification, and promoting the success of U.S. exports in world markets. The volume offers a critical examination of organizations involved in standards and identifies the urgent improvements needed in the U.S. system for conformity assessment, in which adherence to standards is assessed and certified. Among other key issues, the book explores the role of government regulation, laboratory accreditation, and the overlapping of multiple quality standards in product development and manufacturing. In one of the first treatments of this subject, Standards, Conformity Assessment, and Trade offers a unique and highly valuable analysis of the impact of standards and conformity assessment on global trade.

Standards and Global Trade

John Sullivan Wilson,Victor O. Abiola
Standards and Global Trade Book PDF

Author : John Sullivan Wilson,Victor O. Abiola
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 492 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0821354736

Get Book

Standards and Global Trade by John Sullivan Wilson,Victor O. Abiola Pdf

This publication provides the first comprehensive assessment of the relationship between trade standards and development priorities in Africa, with case studies of the use of international standards and capacity for compliance in five countries: Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, South Africa and Uganda. It describes the economic context of trade standards in these countries, and examines the mechanisms by which standards and regulations are established and revised at local and international levels. It also considers the probable impact of new standards, regulations and related production/marketing practices in key industries.

Preferential Trade Agreement Policies for Development

Jean-Pierre Chauffour,Jean-Christophe Maur
Preferential Trade Agreement Policies for Development Book PDF

Author : Jean-Pierre Chauffour,Jean-Christophe Maur
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 537 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2011-06-22
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780821386439

Get Book

Preferential Trade Agreement Policies for Development by Jean-Pierre Chauffour,Jean-Christophe Maur Pdf

The Handbook offers an introduction to the key elements of Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs), addressing the practical economic and legal aspects of the regulatory policies in PTAs.

Ensuring Quality to Gain Access to Global Markets

Martin Kellermann
Ensuring Quality to Gain Access to Global Markets Book PDF

Author : Martin Kellermann
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 275 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2019-04-09
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781464813726

Get Book

Ensuring Quality to Gain Access to Global Markets by Martin Kellermann Pdf

In a modern world with rapidly growing international trade, countries compete less based on the availability of natural resources, geographical advantages, and lower labor costs and more on factors related to firms' ability to enter and compete in new markets. One such factor is the ability to demonstrate the quality and safety of goods and services expected by consumers and confirm compliance with international standards. To assure such compliance, a sound quality infrastructure (QI) ecosystem is essential. Jointly developed by the World Bank Group and the National Metrology Institute of Germany, this guide is designed to help development partners and governments analyze a country's quality infrastructure ecosystems and provide recommendations to design and implement reforms and enhance the capacity of their QI institutions.

How Do Differing Standards Increase Trade Costs?

Gaël Raballand,Enrique Aldaz-Carroll
How Do Differing Standards Increase Trade Costs Book PDF

Author : Gaël Raballand,Enrique Aldaz-Carroll
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 20 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : International trade
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

Get Book

How Do Differing Standards Increase Trade Costs? by Gaël Raballand,Enrique Aldaz-Carroll Pdf

Abstract: "The pallet is a platform used for storing, handling, and transporting products. There are hundreds of different pallet sizes around the world. Raballand and Aldaz-Carroll examine the case of pallets to illustrate the impact of multiplicity of standards on trade costs. They select this case because pallets are used all around the world, pallet standards are not too sophisticated, and data on the impact of pallet standards are to some extent available. The authors examine why there are so many different pallet sizes, the associated trade costs, and the reasons why countries have not harmonized pallet sizes to eliminate such costs. They then present options for exporters to mitigate the adverse effects of standards multiplicity while complying with destination markets' standard requirements. The range of options is limited in the case of exporters from less developed countries because of the lack of rental and exchange pallet markets. To mitigate the costs of this multiplicity of standards, the World Bank's strategy should be divided in two directions: to develop awareness of costs related to the multiplicity of standards and to support actively harmonization at the global level (within International Organization for Standardization) and at the regional level (within regional cooperation agreements). This paper--a product of the International Trade Department, Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network--is part of a larger effort in the network to analyze the impact of standards on trade"--World Bank web site.

Regionalism in Standards

Maggie Xiaoyang Chen,Aaditya Mattoo,World Bank. Development Research Group. Trade
Regionalism in Standards Book PDF

Author : Maggie Xiaoyang Chen,Aaditya Mattoo,World Bank. Development Research Group. Trade
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 37 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Commercial treaties
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

Get Book

Regionalism in Standards by Maggie Xiaoyang Chen,Aaditya Mattoo,World Bank. Development Research Group. Trade Pdf

Abstract: "Regional agreements on standards have been largely ignored by economists and unconditionally blessed by multilateral trade rules. Chen and Mattoo find, theoretically and empirically, that such agreements increase trade between participating countries but not necessarily with the rest of the world. Adopting a common standard in a Region--that is, harmonization--boosts exports of excluded industrial countries to the region. But it reduces exports of excluded developing countries, possibly because developing country firms are hurt more by an increase in the stringency of standards and benefit less from economies of scale in integrated markets. Mutual recognition agreements are more uniformly trade promoting unless they contain restrictive rules of origin, in which case intra-regional trade increases at the expense of trade with other, especially developing, countries. The authors propose a modification of international trade rules to strike a better balance between the interests of integrating and excluded countries. This paper--a product of the Trade Team, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the implications for trade of agreements on standards"--World Bank web site.

Regional Rules in the Global Trading System

Antoni Estevadeordal,Kati Suominen,Robert Teh,Robert R. Teh
Regional Rules in the Global Trading System Book PDF

Author : Antoni Estevadeordal,Kati Suominen,Robert Teh,Robert R. Teh
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 541 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2009-06-18
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780521760843

Get Book

Regional Rules in the Global Trading System by Antoni Estevadeordal,Kati Suominen,Robert Teh,Robert R. Teh Pdf

This book describes the rules governing regional trade agreements, providing new insights into the interplay between regional and multilateral trade rules.

Modern Law of International Trade

Ajendra Srivastava
Modern Law of International Trade Book PDF

Author : Ajendra Srivastava
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 334 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2020-08-31
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789811554759

Get Book

Modern Law of International Trade by Ajendra Srivastava Pdf

This book presents a comprehensive and systematic study of the principal aspects of the modern law of international commercial transactions. Based on diverse sources, including legislative texts, case law, international conventions, and a variety of soft-law instruments, it highlights key topics such as the international sale of goods, international transport, marine insurance, international finance and payments, electronic commerce, international commercial arbitration, standard trade terms, and international harmonization of trade laws. In focusing on the private law aspects of international trade, the book closely analyzes the relevant statutes, case law and the European Union (EU) and international uniform law instruments like the Rome I Regulation, the UN Convention on the Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG), UNCITRAL Model Laws; non-legislative instruments including restatements such as the UNIDROIT Principles on International Commercial Contracts, and rules of business practices codified by the ICC such as the Arbitration Rules, UCP 600 and different versions of the INCOTERMS. The book clearly explains the key concepts and nuances of the subject, offering incisive and vivid analyses of the major issues and developments. It also traces the evolution of the law of international trade and explores the connection between the lex mercatoria and the modern law. Comprehensively examining the issue of international harmonization of trade laws from a variety of perspectives, it provides a detailed account of the work of major players in the field, including UNCITRAL, UNIDROIT, ICC, and the Hague Conference on Private International Law (HCCH). Adopting the comparative law method, this book offers a critical analysis of the laws of two key jurisdictions—India and England—in the context of export trade. In order to stimulate discussion on law reform, it explains the similarities and differences not only between laws of the two countries, but also between the laws of India and England on the one hand, and the uniform law instruments on the other. Given its breadth of coverage, this book is a valuable reference resource not only for students in the fields of law, international trade, and commercial law, but also for researchers, practitioners and policymakers.

Agriculture, trade, and environment : achieving complementary policies

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Agriculture trade and environment achieving complementary policies Book PDF

Author : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 245 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9781428920040

Get Book

Agriculture, trade, and environment : achieving complementary policies by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Pdf

Trade liberalisation affects the pattern and structure of agricultural production, with consequences for the environment. But what are these impacts? And do agri-environmental policies affect international competitiveness? This study takes an in-depth look at the pig sector in OECD countries and draws some conclusions about the most appropriate forms of policy intervention. Further trade liberalisation is likely to strengthen market trends in the pig sector. Production is expected to slow, if not contract, in OECD European and Asian countries. In these countries, government support for pig production in the form of tariffs and/or export subsidies is generally the highest, and the environmental impacts of pig production on water and air pollution are of greatest concern. This book argues that liberalising trade is therefore likely to generate some environmental benefits. Regulatory requirements are the most important type of agri-environmental measures affecting pig production, and these mainly focus on the appropriate management of manure to reduce water pollution. Using comparative analysis, this study concludes that while manure management regulations do differ among countries, the cost effect on pig producers is not significant in explaining differences in international competitiveness.€ This is the first in a series of in-depth studies being undertaken by the OECD to investigate the linkages between agriculture, trade and the environment. Other studies examining the dairy and arable crop sectors are underway.

International Labor Standards and International Trade

Mr.Stephen S. Golub
International Labor Standards and International Trade Book PDF

Author : Mr.Stephen S. Golub
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 38 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 1997-04-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781451845532

Get Book

International Labor Standards and International Trade by Mr.Stephen S. Golub Pdf

This paper reviews controversies regarding linkage of international trade and labor standards. Pressures for international harmonization of labor standards arise in the context of increased trade between countries with large disparities in wages, and also reflect the history of labor standards. A critical distinction is made between standards related to fundamental human rights and those related to employment conditions. The main conclusion is that trade sanctions to enforce labor standards should not be an option, but that international agreements on core labor standards, with voluntary compliance, may, apart from being worthwhile on ethical grounds, defuse calls for protection.

A Handbook of International Trade in Services

Aaditya Mattoo,Robert M. Stern,Robert Mitchell Stern,Gianni Zanini
A Handbook of International Trade in Services Book PDF

Author : Aaditya Mattoo,Robert M. Stern,Robert Mitchell Stern,Gianni Zanini
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 675 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780199235216

Get Book

A Handbook of International Trade in Services by Aaditya Mattoo,Robert M. Stern,Robert Mitchell Stern,Gianni Zanini Pdf

This title provides a comprehensive introduction to the key issues in trade and liberalization of services. Providing a useful overview of the players involved, the barriers to trade, and case studies in a number of service industries, this is ideal for policymakers and students interested in trade.