Psychological Adaptive Mechanisms

Author : Thomas P. Beresford
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 338 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2012-06-21
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780199794492

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Psychological Adaptive Mechanisms by Thomas P. Beresford Pdf

This book provides a clinical tool for recognizing, and understanding, human adaptive responses to stress and the anxiety it causes. For use in the here-and-now, the recognition algorithm systematically delineates the observable hierarchy of psychological adaptive mechanisms, known in psychoanalytic theory as ego defenses, established in previous longitudinal research. Based in a theoretical model, it teaches practical, systematic recognition of these mechanisms which are not only helpful to know when seeing a patient but also when observing human behavior in everyday life.

Author : Clive D.L. Wynne,John E.R. Staddon
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2013-06-17
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781134787579

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Models of Action by Clive D.L. Wynne,John E.R. Staddon Pdf

This volume presents an international group of researchers who model animal and human behavior--both simple and complex. The models presented focus on such subjects as the pattern of eating in meals and bouts, the energizing and shaping impact of reinforcers on behavior, transitive inferential reasoning, responding to a compound stimulus, avoidance and escape learning, recognition memory, category formation, generalization, the timing of adaptive responses, and chromosomes exchanging information. The chapters are united by a common interest in adaptive behavior--whether of human, animal, or artificial system--and clearly demonstrate the rich variety of ways in which this fascinating area of research can be approached. In so doing, the book demonstrates the range of thought that qualifies as theorizing in the contemporary study of the mechanisms of adaptive behavior. It has two purposes: to bring together a very wide range of approaches in one place and to give authors space to explain how their ideas developed. Journal literature often presents fully-formed theories with no explanation of how an idea came to have the shape in which it is presented. In this volume, however, leaders in different fields provide background on the development of their ideas. Where once psychologists and a few zoologists had this field to themselves, now various types of computer scientists have added great energy to the mix.

Author : George E. Vaillant
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 415 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2012-08-01
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780674072152

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Adaptation to Life by George E. Vaillant Pdf

Between 1939 and 1942, one of America's leading universities recruited 268 of its healthiest and most promising undergraduates to participate in a revolutionary new study of the human life cycle. The originators of the program, which came to be known as the Grant Study, felt that medical research was too heavily weighted in the direction of disease, and their intent was to chart the ways in which a group of promising individuals coped with their lives over the course of many years. Nearly forty years later, George E. Vaillant, director of the Study, took the measure of the Grant Study men. The result was the compelling, provocative classic, Adaptation to Life, which poses fundamental questions about the individual differences in confronting life's stresses. Why do some of us cope so well with the portion life offers us, while others, who have had similar advantages (or disadvantages), cope badly or not at all? Are there ways we can effectively alter those patterns of behavior that make us unhappy, unhealthy, and unwise? George Vaillant discusses these and other questions in terms of a clearly defined scheme of "adaptive mechanisms" that are rated mature, neurotic, immature, or psychotic, and illustrates, with case histories, each method of coping.

Author : Joan S. Lockard,Delroy L. Paulhus
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 1988
Category : Adaptability (Psychology)
ISBN : UOM:39015012413707

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Self-deception by Joan S. Lockard,Delroy L. Paulhus Pdf

Author : Gregory R. Bock,Gail Cardew
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2008-04-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780470515389

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Characterizing Human Psychological Adaptations by Gregory R. Bock,Gail Cardew Pdf

This book contains chapters by some of the leading figures in the field of evolutionary psychology. The latest data are presented on evolutionary theories in perception, information, various aspects of social behaviour, language, learning and aggression. A common theme running through the printed discussions in this book is the important problem of how we can develop and test rigorous characterizations of evolved mental adaptations.

Author : Seymour Fisher,Rhoda L. Fisher,Rhoda Fisher
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 268 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2014-02-25
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781317781998

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The Psychology of Adaptation To Absurdity by Seymour Fisher,Rhoda L. Fisher,Rhoda Fisher Pdf

The major goal of this book is to explore and integrate all that is scientifically known about the utility of magical plans and strategies for coping with life's inevitable absurdities. Make-believe has great adaptive value and helps the average individual to function better in cultures saturated with puzzling contradictions. This book traces the origins of pretending (illusion-construction) and the developmental phases of this skill. Further, it analyzes how parents depend on pretending to secure conformity and self-control from their children. It unravels the ways in which make-believe is utilized to defend against death-anxiety and feelings of fragility. It examines the relationship between pretending and the classical defense mechanisms -- and particularly weighs the evidence bearing on the potential protective power of embracing religious beliefs. Finally, it defines the diverse contributions of make-believe to the construction of the self-concept, the defensive maneuvers typifying psychopathology, and the maintenance of somatic health. In short, this book pulls together a spectrum of scientific information concerning the defensive value of illusory make-believe in coping with those aspects of life -- such as death, loss, suffering, and injustice -- that are experienced as unreasonable and beyond understanding. The volume is unique not only in the breadth of the literature it analyzes but also in demonstrating the contribution of make-believe to both the psychological and somatic aspects of behavior. No previous work has documented in such detail and across so many domains how basic the capacity to engage in make-believe is to human adaptation.

Author : Todd K. Shackelford,Viviana A. Weekes-Shackelford
Publisher : Springer
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2021-03-20
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 3319196499

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Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science by Todd K. Shackelford,Viviana A. Weekes-Shackelford Pdf

This comprehensive, twelve volume reference work reflects the interdisciplinary influences on evolutionary psychology and serves as a major resource for its history, scientific contributors and theories. It draws on biology, cognitive science, anthropology, psychology, economics, computer science and paleoarchaeology to provide a multifaceted picture of behavioral adaptation in humans and how it adds to our academic and clinical understanding. Edited by a noted figure in evolutionary psychology, with many seminal and renowned contributors, this encyclopedia offers the full breadth of an area that is the forefront of behavioral thinking and investigation.

Author : Clark Leonard Hull,Abram Amsel,Michael E. Rashotte
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 533 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 1984
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 023105792X

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Mechanisms of Adaptive Behavior by Clark Leonard Hull,Abram Amsel,Michael E. Rashotte Pdf

Author : John R. Anderson
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2013-01-11
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781134747818

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The Adaptive Character of Thought by John R. Anderson Pdf

This important volume examines the phenomena of cognition from an adaptive perspective. Rather than adhering to the typical practice in cognitive psychology of trying to predict behavior from a model of cognitive mechanisms, this book develops a number of models that successfully predict behavior from the structure of the environment to which cognition is adapted. The methodology -- called rational analysis -- involves specifying the information-processing goals of the system, the structure of the environment, and the computational constraints on the system, allowing predictions about behavior to be made by determining what behavior would be optimal under these assumptions. The Adaptive Character of Thought applies this methodology in great detail to four cognitive phenomena: memory, categorization, causal inference, and problem solving.

Author : J. E. R. Staddon
Publisher : CUP Archive
Page : 592 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 1983-11-25
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0521276586

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Adaptive Behavior and Learning by J. E. R. Staddon Pdf

Adaptive behaviour is of two types only. Either an animal comes equipped by heredity with the ability to identify situations in which a built-in response is appropriate or it has mechanisms allowing it to adapt its behaviour in situations in which the correct response cannot be predicted. Adaptive behaviour of the second type comes about through natural selection, which weeds out individuals that identify situations inaccurately or respond inappropriately. Adaptive behaviour of the second type comes about through the selection of behavioural variants by the environment. This book is about the second type of adaptive behaviour, of which learning is the most highly developed form. Adaptive Behaviour and Learning constitutes a provocative theoretical integration of the psychological and biological approaches to adaptive behaviour. John Staddon's ideas will have a major impact on psychologists and zoologists' conceptions of the problem of learning. Highly readable, the book will serve as a useful text for courses in learning, animal behaviour and comparative psychology.

Author : Virgil Zeigler-Hill,Todd K. Shackelford
Publisher : Springer
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2020-03-11
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 3319246100

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Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences by Virgil Zeigler-Hill,Todd K. Shackelford Pdf

This Encyclopedia provides a comprehensive overview of individual differences within the domain of personality, with major sub-topics including assessment and research design, taxonomy, biological factors, evolutionary evidence, motivation, cognition and emotion, as well as gender differences, cultural considerations, and personality disorders. It is an up-to-date reference for this increasingly important area and a key resource for those who study intelligence, personality, motivation, aptitude and their variations within members of a group.

Author : Helena Blumen,Paolo Cavallari,France Mourey,Eric Yiou
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 346 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2020-04-06
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9782889636266

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Adaptive Gait and Postural Control: From Physiological to Pathological Mechanisms, Towards Prevention and Rehabilitation by Helena Blumen,Paolo Cavallari,France Mourey,Eric Yiou Pdf

Author : Peter L. Giovacchini
Publisher : Jason Aronson
Page : 560 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 1984
Category : Adaptability (Psychology)
ISBN : UOM:39015073936877

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Character Disorders and Adaptative Mechanisms by Peter L. Giovacchini Pdf

To find more information about Rowman and Littlefield titles, please visit www.rowmanlittlefield.com.

Author : C. R. Snyder
Publisher : Clarendon Press
Page : 367 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780195119343

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Coping by C. R. Snyder Pdf

This book is intended for psychologists, social workers, counsellors, clergy, and general readers with some background in psychology.

Author : George Serban
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 386 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781468422382

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Psychopathology of Human Adaptation by George Serban Pdf

Undoubtedly this symposium will prove to be an important landmark in the development of our understanding of the psychopathology of human adaptation in general, as well as of the general adaptation syndrome and stress in particular. It was organized to give an opportunity to an international group of experts on adaptation and stress research to present summaries of their research that could then later be exhaustively analyzed. The carefully structured program brings out three major aspects of adapta tion to stress in experimental animals and man. The first section deals with the neurophysiology of stress responses, placing major emphasis upon the neuroanatomical and neurochemical aspects involved. The second section is devoted to the psychology and psychopathology of adaptive learning, motivation, anxiety, and stress. The third section examines the role played by stress in the pathogenesis of mental diseases. Many of the relevant subjects receive particularly detailed attention. Among these, the following are especially noteworthy: The existence of reward and drive neurons. Constitutional differences in physiological adaptations to stress and d- tress. Motivation, mood, and mental events in relation to adaptive processes. Peripheral catecholamines and adaptation to underload and overload. Selective corticoid and catecholamine responses to various natural stimuli. The differentiation between eustress and distress. Resistance and overmotivation in achievement-oriented activity. The dynamics of conscience and contract psychology. Sources of stress in the drive for power. Advances in the therapy of psychiatric illness. The application of experimental studies on learning to the treatment of neuroses.