Models Of Action

Author : Clive D.L. Wynne,John E.R. Staddon
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2013-06-17
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781134787579

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Models of Action by Clive D.L. Wynne,John E.R. Staddon Pdf

This volume presents an international group of researchers who model animal and human behavior--both simple and complex. The models presented focus on such subjects as the pattern of eating in meals and bouts, the energizing and shaping impact of reinforcers on behavior, transitive inferential reasoning, responding to a compound stimulus, avoidance and escape learning, recognition memory, category formation, generalization, the timing of adaptive responses, and chromosomes exchanging information. The chapters are united by a common interest in adaptive behavior--whether of human, animal, or artificial system--and clearly demonstrate the rich variety of ways in which this fascinating area of research can be approached. In so doing, the book demonstrates the range of thought that qualifies as theorizing in the contemporary study of the mechanisms of adaptive behavior. It has two purposes: to bring together a very wide range of approaches in one place and to give authors space to explain how their ideas developed. Journal literature often presents fully-formed theories with no explanation of how an idea came to have the shape in which it is presented. In this volume, however, leaders in different fields provide background on the development of their ideas. Where once psychologists and a few zoologists had this field to themselves, now various types of computer scientists have added great energy to the mix.

Author : Clive D.L. Wynne,John E.R. Staddon
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 331 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2013-06-17
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781134787500

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Models of Action by Clive D.L. Wynne,John E.R. Staddon Pdf

This volume presents an international group of researchers who model animal and human behavior--both simple and complex. The models presented focus on such subjects as the pattern of eating in meals and bouts, the energizing and shaping impact of reinforcers on behavior, transitive inferential reasoning, responding to a compound stimulus, avoidance and escape learning, recognition memory, category formation, generalization, the timing of adaptive responses, and chromosomes exchanging information. The chapters are united by a common interest in adaptive behavior--whether of human, animal, or artificial system--and clearly demonstrate the rich variety of ways in which this fascinating area of research can be approached. In so doing, the book demonstrates the range of thought that qualifies as theorizing in the contemporary study of the mechanisms of adaptive behavior. It has two purposes: to bring together a very wide range of approaches in one place and to give authors space to explain how their ideas developed. Journal literature often presents fully-formed theories with no explanation of how an idea came to have the shape in which it is presented. In this volume, however, leaders in different fields provide background on the development of their ideas. Where once psychologists and a few zoologists had this field to themselves, now various types of computer scientists have added great energy to the mix.

Author : A. Stein,F.W. Penning de Vries
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 180 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2013-04-17
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789401592178

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Data and Models in Action by A. Stein,F.W. Penning de Vries Pdf

Under leadership of CT de Wit a large amount of modeling, building prototypes and also application, was carried out in the 1970s and 1980s. Comprehensive models were built, evaluated and carefully documented in the areas of crop growth production, plant breeding, soil water and nutrients, and in crop protection. Simulation techniques and biophysical theories developed in parallel. Simulation and experimentation always went hand in hand. Much of this work is documented in a long series of PhD theses under supervision of De Wit, in the series of Simulation Monographs (PUDOC), and in numerous other publications. This work has inspired many scientists across the global science community. The CT de Wit Graduate School of Production Ecology (PE) of the Wageningen University builds further on this platform and finds new subjects for research on and with models, and data. The PE platform provides also an excellent opportunity to develop contacts, cooperation and joint software with research groups in related fields and abroad. This book precipitates from such an exploration in new directions. We realize that modem information systems and statistics can offer a substantial contribution to the modelling framework. Good examples can be found here, and these provide a clear direction for the years to come.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2016-10-03
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781786354853

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Models of Start-up Thinking and Action by Anonim Pdf

Volume 18 will focus on approaches to thinking about and creating the start-up. Both theoretical and empirical manuscripts that consider all aspects of start-up planning, thinking and action will be considered. We also encourage practice-based research and manuscripts that explore cutting-edge pedagogical approaches.

Author : Peter H. Rossi
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 381 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2013-10-22
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781483288277

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Toward a Structural Theory of Action by Peter H. Rossi Pdf

Toward a Structural Theory of Action: Network Models of Social Structure, Perception, and Action centers on the concept of social structure, perceptions, and actions, as well as the strategies through which these concepts guide empirical research. This book also proposes a model of status/role-sets as patterns of relationships defining positions in the social topology. This text consists of nine chapters separated into three parts. Chapter 1 introduces the goals and organization of the book. Chapters 2-4 provide analytical synopsis of available network models of social differentiation, and then use these models in describing actual stratification. Chapter 5 presents a model in which actor interests are captured. Subsequent chapter assesses the empirical adequacy of the two predictions described in this book. Then, other chapters provide a network model of constraint and its empirical adequacy. This book will be valuable to anthropologists, economists, political scientists, and psychologists.

Author : Jerry W. Willis,Claudia Edwards
Publisher : IAP
Page : 343 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2014-08-01
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781623966577

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Action Research by Jerry W. Willis,Claudia Edwards Pdf

The first three chapters of Action Research: Models, Methods, and Examples covers the history, foundations, and basics of conducting action research projects. In those chapters you will learn about the origins of action research as well as about the different methods and models of action research - from the original approaches used by Kurt Lewin and his students in the 1940s and 1950s to the diversity of current approaches to AR that are used to develop both solutions to real world problems and to construct a better understanding of important issues and concern in communities, schools, businesses, and organizations. The nine chapters in the second part of the book illustrate the many ways action research is practiced today. Those chapters illustrate the use of action research methods to accomplish everything from individual personal professional development to changing policies and practices in large organizations and systems. The chapters detail many specific methods of doing AR such as participatory action research, emancipatory action research, designbased action research, collaborative inquiry, and many others.

Author : Sergey Smirnov,Weidlich, Matthias,Mendling, Jan ,Weske, Mathias
Publisher : Universitätsverlag Potsdam
Page : 24 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783869560090

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Action Patterns in Business Process Models by Sergey Smirnov,Weidlich, Matthias,Mendling, Jan ,Weske, Mathias Pdf

Business process management experiences a large uptake by the industry, and process models play an important role in the analysis and improvement of processes. While an increasing number of staff becomes involved in actual modeling practice, it is crucial to assure model quality and homogeneity along with providing suitable aids for creating models. In this paper we consider the problem of offering recommendations to the user during the act of modeling. Our key contribution is a concept for defining and identifying so-called action patterns - chunks of actions often appearing together in business processes. In particular, we specify action patterns and demonstrate how they can be identified from existing process model repositories using association rule mining techniques. Action patterns can then be used to suggest additional actions for a process model. Our approach is challenged by applying it to the collection of process models from the SAP Reference Model.

Author : Marie Weil
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 168 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0789000377

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Community Practice by Marie Weil Pdf

Presents examples of three of the basic models of community organizing, community economic development, and coalition building, and analyzes current issues relating to them and to community practice in general. Also published as the Journal of Community Practice vol. 4, no. 1 (1997). Paper edition (0046-6) $14.95. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Author : Wei Ji Ma,Konrad Paul Kording,Daniel Goldreich
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 409 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2023-08-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780262047593

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Bayesian Models of Perception and Action by Wei Ji Ma,Konrad Paul Kording,Daniel Goldreich Pdf

An accessible introduction to constructing and interpreting Bayesian models of perceptual decision-making and action. Many forms of perception and action can be mathematically modeled as probabilistic—or Bayesian—inference, a method used to draw conclusions from uncertain evidence. According to these models, the human mind behaves like a capable data scientist or crime scene investigator when dealing with noisy and ambiguous data. This textbook provides an approachable introduction to constructing and reasoning with probabilistic models of perceptual decision-making and action. Featuring extensive examples and illustrations, Bayesian Models of Perception and Action is the first textbook to teach this widely used computational framework to beginners. Introduces Bayesian models of perception and action, which are central to cognitive science and neuroscience Beginner-friendly pedagogy includes intuitive examples, daily life illustrations, and gradual progression of complex concepts Broad appeal for students across psychology, neuroscience, cognitive science, linguistics, and mathematics Written by leaders in the field of computational approaches to mind and brain

Author : Wendelin Schnedler
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 162 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783790827064

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The Value of Signals in Hidden Action Models by Wendelin Schnedler Pdf

Since the fundamental work of Walras (1874), markets have received particular attention by economists because they lead to an efficient allocation of goods and services. However, the proper functioning of markets rests on certain assumptions. For instance, the good or ser vice which is to be traded must be clearly defined. This elementary requirement is often violated in reality, in particular when services are concerned. Consider the example of railway workers who are hired to lay tracks. A labour contract which stipulates a fixed wage and defines the workers' task as "laying tracks" is rather unspecific. Workers may profit from this vagueness by reducing effort to a comfortable amount -as long as tracks are laid, they do not violate contract conditions. Thus, an im precise definition of the service can result in inefficiently low efforts. An obvious solution to this problem is a clearer definition of the ser vice, but often this way is barred: To specify, for instance, all actions which are involved in laying tracks and which may vary with weather, surface and other conditions is far too complicated and too costly. In deed, labour contracts seldom give a detailed account of the task of a worker. Alternatively to a more precise task description, the wage of the worker could be conditioned on information about the worker's performance. For example, the railway workers might be paid by the length of tracks laid so that they are motivated to exert more effort.

Author : Michael L. Commons,Stephen Grossberg,John Staddon
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 319 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2016-09-19
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781317275961

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Neural Network Models of Conditioning and Action by Michael L. Commons,Stephen Grossberg,John Staddon Pdf

Originally published in 1991, this title was the result of a symposium held at Harvard University. It presents some of the exciting interdisciplinary developments of the time that clarify how animals and people learn to behave adaptively in a rapidly changing environment. The contributors focus on aspects of how recognition learning, reinforcement learning, and motor learning interact to generate adaptive goal-oriented behaviours that can satisfy internal needs – an area of inquiry as important for understanding brain function as it is for designing new types of freely moving autonomous robots. Since the authors agree that a dynamic analysis of system interactions is needed to understand these challenging phenomena – and neural network models provide a natural framework for representing and analysing such interactions – all the articles either develop neural network models or provide biological constraints for guiding and testing their design.

Author : Jerzy Brzeziński,Tadeusz Marek
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2023-03-20
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789004457072

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Action and Performance: Models and Tests by Jerzy Brzeziński,Tadeusz Marek Pdf

Author : Gary A. Klein,Judith Orasanu,Roberta Calderwood
Publisher : Ablex Publishing Corporation
Page : 480 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 1992-08-01
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0893919438

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Decision Making in Action by Gary A. Klein,Judith Orasanu,Roberta Calderwood Pdf

This book describes the new perspective of naturalistic decision making. The point of departure is how people make decisions in complex, time-pressured, ambiguous, and changing environments. The purpose of this book is to present and elaborate on past models developed to explain this type of decision making. The central philosophy of the book is that classical decision theory has been unproductive since it is so heavily grounded in economics and mathematics. The contributors believe there is little to be learned from laboratory studies about how people actually handle difficult and interesting tasks; therefore, the book presents a critique of classical decision theory. The models of naturalistic decision making described by the contributors were derived to explain the behavior of firefighters, business people, jurors, nuclear power plant operators, and command-and-control officers. The models are unique in that they address the way people use experience to frame situations and adopt courses of action. The models explain the strengths of skilled decision makers. Naturalistic decision research requires the examination of field settings, and a section of the book covers methods for conducting meaningful research outside the laboratory. In addition, since his approach has applied value, the book covers issues of training and decision support systems.

Author : Jo Rycroft-Malone,Tracey Bucknall
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2011-09-07
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781444358735

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Models and Frameworks for Implementing Evidence-Based Practice by Jo Rycroft-Malone,Tracey Bucknall Pdf

The Evidence-Based Nursing Series is co-published with Sigma Theta Tau International (STTI). The series focuses on implementing evidence-based practice in nursing and mirrors the remit of Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, encompassing clinical practice, administration, research and public policy. Models and Frameworks for Implementing Evidence- Based Practice: Linking Evidence to Action looks at ways of implementing evidence gained through research and factors that influence successful implementation. It acknowledges the gap that exists between obtaining evidence and the practicalities of putting it into practice and provides direction to help to close this gap. This, the first book in the series, helps the reader to make decisions about the appropriateness of using various models and frameworks. A selection of models and frameworks are examined in detail including examples of their use in practice. The book concludes with an analysis and synthesis of the included models and frameworks. The models and frameworks that have been included are based on a number of criteria: that they are internationally recognised, have undergone widespread evaluation and testing, are transferable across different settings, and can be used by different disciplines. Models and frameworks include: Stetler Model Ottowa Model of Research Use IOWA model of evidence-based practice Advancing Research and Clinical Practice through Close Collaboration (ARCC) model Dobbins’ dissemination and use of research evidence for policy and practice framework Joanna Briggs Institute model Knowledge to Action framework Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARIHS) Key Points: Includes an overview of implementation issues and the use of theory and frameworks in implementing evidence into practice Chapters are written by the developers of the model or framework Each chapter provides background on an implementation model or framework, suitable applications, underlying theory and examples of use Each chapter examines strengths and weaknesses of each model alongside barriers and facilitators for its implementation

Author : William Turnbull
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 246 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2003-09-02
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781134639496

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Language in Action by William Turnbull Pdf

Face-to-face conversation between two or more people is a universal form, and perhaps the basic form, of social interaction. It is the primary site of social interaction in all cultures and the place where social and cultural meaning takes shape. Face-to-face conversation between children and parents can also be an important context for social and cognitive development. Given the universality, frequency and importance of conversation in social life, a psychological model of conversation is required for an understanding of the central issues in social and developmental psychology. This book provides such a model. Language in Action presents a critical examination of four models of conversation: the Code model based on Chomsky's linguistic views; the Speech Act model of Austin and Searle; the Inferential model of Grice, and the Conversation Analytic model of Sacks and Schegloff. It also considers the Brown and Levinson model of politeness in conversation. Using many examples from natural talk and drawing on the positive aspects of the reviewed models, Turnbull proposes a new Social Pragmatic model of conversation as social interaction. He also describes the research paradigm of Social Pragmatics that experimental psychologists can use to study conversation. This book will be invaluable for advanced students in psychology, sociology, language and linguistics and communication. It will also make fascinating and lively reading for anyone wanting a greater understanding of this fundamental form of social interaction.