Psychology Of Individual Differences

Author : Eleanor Roberson
Publisher : Nova Science Publishers
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Individual differences
ISBN : 1634845080

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Psychology of Individual Differences by Eleanor Roberson Pdf

Cognitive psychologists have been interested in individual differences in complex cognitive processes and intelligence since the cognitive revolution. A good deal of the research in this area has focused on individual differences in reasoning ability, but even more has focused on differences in working memory. Individual differences in working memory have been related to reasoning, problem solving, reading comprehension, discourse comprehension, intelligence, and a great many more cognitive tasks. Chapter One presents a review of working memory theories that call for access to long-term memory to supplement the limited capacity of working memory during complex cognitive processing. It also presents a review of the evidence that facilitation of procedural memory is an individual difference related to complex cognitive processing, and the different theoretical interpretations of that evidence. Chapter Two discusses individual differences in two health-related outcomes: emergency severity index (ESI) scores as assigned to patients by nurses and other healthcare professionals, and pain scores as reported by patients. Chapter Three examines the psychological effect of a forest environment and how it can differ depending on a subject's initial values. Chapter Four focuses on non-cognitive predictors of individual differences in education outcomes, and discusses the model of mental toughness. Chapter Five studies if non-criminal psychopathy is associated with reduced electrodermal arousal using measures comparable to those employed with criminal samples. Chapter Six discusses associations between the Big Five personality traits and social physique anxiety in women. The last chapter uses a theory-based approach to examine the construct validity and the usefulness of the OCEAN.20 personality dimensions in predicting training/academic performance.

Author : Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 483 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2016-12-19
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781118773031

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Personality and Individual Differences by Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic Pdf

Personality and Individual Differences is a state-of-the-art undergraduate textbook that covers the salient and recent literature on personality, intellectual ability, motivation and other individual differences such as creativity, emotional intelligence, leadership and vocational interests. This third edition has been completely revised and updated to include the most up-to-date and cutting-edge data and analysis. As well as introducing all topics related to individual differences, this book examines and discusses many important underlying issues, such as the psychodynamic approach to latent variables, validity, reliability and correlations between constructs. An essential textbook for first-time as well as more advanced students of the discipline, Personality and Individual Differences provides grounding in all major aspects of differential psychology.

Author : Adam Raymond Gilliland,Edward Lester Clark
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 564 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 1939
Category : Difference (Psychology)
ISBN : UOM:39015002386368

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Psychology of Individual Differences by Adam Raymond Gilliland,Edward Lester Clark Pdf

Author : Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic,Sophie von Stumm,Adrian Furnham
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 854 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2015-06-22
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781119050308

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The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Individual Differences by Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic,Sophie von Stumm,Adrian Furnham Pdf

The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Individual Differences provides a comprehensive, up-to-date overview of recent research, current perspectives, practical applications, and likely future developments in individual differences. Brings together the work of the top global researchers within the area of individual differences, including Philip L. Ackerman, Ian J. Deary, Ed Diener, Robert Hogan, Deniz S. Ones and Dean Keith Simonton Covers methodological, theoretical and paradigm changes in the area of individual differences Individual chapters cover core areas of individual differences including personality and intelligence, biological causes of individual differences, and creativity and emotional intelligence

Author : Colin Cooper
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 543 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2020-09-30
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780429607547

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Individual Differences and Personality by Colin Cooper Pdf

Individual Differences and Personality provides a student-friendly introduction to both classic and cutting-edge research into personality, mood, motivation and intelligence, and their applications in psychology and in fields such as health, education and sporting achievement. Including a new chapter on 'toxic' personality traits, and an additional chapter on applications in real-life settings, this fourth edition has been thoroughly updated and uniquely covers the necessary psychometric methodology needed to understand modern theories. It also develops deep processing and effective learning by encouraging a critical evaluation of both older and modern theories and methodologies, including the Dark Triad, emotional intelligence and psychopathy. Gardner’s and hierarchical theories of intelligence, and modern theories of mood and motivation are discussed and evaluated, and the processes which cause people to differ in personality and intelligence are explored in detail. Six chapters provide a non-mathematical grounding in psychometric principles, such as factor analysis, reliability, validity, bias, test-construction and test-use. With self-assessment questions, further reading and a companion website including student and instructor resources, this is the ideal resource for anyone taking modules on personality and individual differences.

Author : Michael C. Ashton
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 416 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2013-03-21
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780123914705

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Individual Differences and Personality by Michael C. Ashton Pdf

How do we come to be who we are? Why do we differ in our personalities? How do these differences matter in life? Individual Differences and Personality aims to describe how and why personality varies among people. Unlike books that focus on individual theorists, this book focuses on current research and theory on the nature of personality and related individual differences. The book begins by discussing how personality is measured, the concept of a personality trait, and the basic dimensions of personality. This leads to a discussion of the origins of personality, with descriptions of its developmental course, its biological causes, its genetic and environmental influences, and its evolutionary function. The concept of a personality disorder is then described, followed by a discussion of the influence of personality on life outcomes in relationships, work, and health. Finally, the book examines the important differences between individuals in the realms of mental abilities, of beliefs and attitudes, and of behavior. Presents a scientific approach to personality and related individual differences, as well as theory and research on the fundamental questions about human psychological variation New edition presents findings from dozens of new research studies of the past six years Includes new chapter on vocational interests and a revised chapter on personality disorders reflecting DSM-5 formulation Contains streamlined descriptions of measurement concepts and heritability research Includes various boxes containing interesting asides that help to maintain the student’s attention.

Author : Michael W. Eysenck
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0863772579

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Individual Differences by Michael W. Eysenck Pdf

While normal individuals obviously differ from each other in all sorts of ways, psychologists have emphasized differences in intelligence and personality. In this book, various views on intelligence and personality are discussed at length.

Author : Alex Forsythe
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2019-05-28
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781351026499

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Key Thinkers in Individual Differences by Alex Forsythe Pdf

Key Thinkers in Individual Differences introduces the life, work and thought of 25 of the most influential figures who have shaped and developed the measurement of intelligence and personality. Expanding on from a résumé of academic events, this book makes sense of these psychologists by bringing together not only their ideas but the social experiences, loves and losses that moulded them. By adapting a chronological approach, Forsythe presents the history and context behind these thinkers, ranging from the buffoonery and sheer genius of Charles Galton, the theatre of Hans Eysenck and John Phillipe Rushton, to the much-maligned and overlooked work of women such as Isabel Myers, Katherine Briggs and Karen Horney. Exploring all through a phenomenological lens, the background, interconnections, controversies and conversations of these thinkers are uncovered. This informative guide is essential reading to anyone who studies, works in or is simply captivated by the field of individual differences, personality and intelligence. An invaluable resource for all students of individual differences and the history of psychology.

Author : Virgil Zeigler-Hill,Todd K. Shackelford
Publisher : Springer
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2020-03-11
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 3319246100

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Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences by Virgil Zeigler-Hill,Todd K. Shackelford Pdf

This Encyclopedia provides a comprehensive overview of individual differences within the domain of personality, with major sub-topics including assessment and research design, taxonomy, biological factors, evolutionary evidence, motivation, cognition and emotion, as well as gender differences, cultural considerations, and personality disorders. It is an up-to-date reference for this increasingly important area and a key resource for those who study intelligence, personality, motivation, aptitude and their variations within members of a group.

Author : Ann Birch,Sheila Hayward
Publisher : Palgrave
Page : 228 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Difference (Psychology)
ISBN : 0333588134

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Individual Differences by Ann Birch,Sheila Hayward Pdf

This book highlights some of the ways in which people differ from each other psychologically and is aimed primarily at students of 'A' level and first degree level psychology. The book is also suitable for students on GCSE, Access to Higher Education, BTEC, nursing, midwifery and teacher education courses. It examines definitions of intelligence, the measurement of intelligence and the controversial nature/nurture debate. Different theoretical approaches to the study of personality are expolored along with some ways in which personality can be assessed. The text is presented simply and concisely in the form of comprehensive notes. The key concepts are clearly highlighted through the use of bold type and subheadings; each chapter includes self-assessment questions and a list of recommended further reading. The clear, readable style is acceptable both to students following a course in psychology and to those such as parents, teachers and health professionals who look to psychology as a source of interestinng and useful insights to support them in their roles.

Author : Mark R. Leary,Rick H. Hoyle
Publisher : Guilford Publications
Page : 624 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2013-12-17
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781462514892

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Handbook of Individual Differences in Social Behavior by Mark R. Leary,Rick H. Hoyle Pdf

How do individual differences interact with situational factors to shape social behavior? Are people with certain traits more likely to form lasting marriages; experience test-taking anxiety; break the law; feel optimistic about the future? This handbook provides a comprehensive, authoritative examination of the full range of personality variables associated with interpersonal judgment, behavior, and emotion. The contributors are acknowledged experts who have conducted influential research on the constructs they address. Chapters discuss how each personality attribute is conceptualized and assessed, review the strengths and limitations of available measures (including child and adolescent measures, when available), present important findings related to social behavior, and identify directions for future study.

Author : Virgil Zeigler-Hill,Todd K. Shackelford
Publisher : SAGE
Page : 1023 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2018-05-17
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781526451217

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The SAGE Handbook of Personality and Individual Differences by Virgil Zeigler-Hill,Todd K. Shackelford Pdf

The examination of personality and individual differences is a major field of research in the modern discipline of psychology. Concerned with the ways humans develop an organised set of characteristics to shape themselves and the world around them, it is a study of how people come to be ‘different′ and ‘similar′ to others, on both an individual and a cultural level. This volume focuses on various contexts and applications of personality and individual differences, in chapters arranged across three thematic sections: Part 1: Health and Psychological Adjustment Part 2: Social Behavior Part 3: Personality in the Workplace With outstanding contributions from leading scholars across the world, this is an invaluable resource for researchers and graduate students.

Author : Ann Dowker
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 396 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2019-03-27
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781317627432

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Individual Differences in Arithmetic by Ann Dowker Pdf

Arithmetic is still hugely important in many aspects of modern life, but our personal attitudes to it differ greatly. Many people struggle with the basic principles of arithmetic, whilst others love it and feel confident in their arithmetical abilities. Why are there so many individual differences in people’s performance in, and feelings about, arithmetic? Individual Differences in Arithmetic explores the idea that there is no such thing as arithmetical ability, only arithmetical abilities. The book discusses several important components of arithmetic, from counting principles and procedures to arithmetical estimation, alongside emotional and cognitive components of arithmetical performance. This edition has been extensively revised to include the latest research, including recent cross-cultural and cross-linguistic research, the development of new interventions for children with difficulties and studies of early foundations of mathematical abilities. Drawing on developmental, educational, cognitive and neuropsychological studies, this book will be essential reading for all researchers of mathematical cognition. It will also be of interest to educators and other professionals working within individuals with arithmetic deficits.

Author : David M. Buss
Publisher : OUP USA
Page : 519 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780195372090

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The Evolution of Personality and Individual Differences by David M. Buss Pdf

Capturing a scientific change in thinking about personality and individual differences, this volume provides theories and empirical evidence which suggest that personality and individual differences are central to evolved psychological mechanisms and behavioural functioning.

Author : Michael C. Ashton
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 404 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2017-06-01
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780128098462

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Individual Differences and Personality by Michael C. Ashton Pdf

Individual Differences and Personality, Third Edition provides a comprehensive overview of research on personality. The book begins with the main approaches to the study of personality, basic principles of personality measurement, the concept of personality traits, and the major dimensions of personality variation. Further chapters review personality change and stability, biological causal mechanisms, genetic and environmental influences and evolutionary adaptive function. Personality disorders are examined as are life outcomes—such as relationships, work, health, and others—that are predicted by personality characteristics. The book additionally examines important individual differences, such as mental abilities, vocational interests, religious beliefs, political attitudes and sexuality. The third edition is updated with new findings on age-related differences in personality, on sexual orientation and personality, on socially desirable responding in personality assessment, and on the biological and social origins of mental ability differences. Treatments of several topics have been streamlined, including reliability and validity, developmental change, genetic and environmental influences and the structure of mental abilities. Organized by issues in personality research rather than by theorists Identifies main traits in personality and explains personality assessment Examines the impact of personality on life outcomes Explores developmental, genetic and evolutionary aspects of personality Includes other psychological characteristics (abilities, interests, beliefs and attitudes)