Ptolemy S Theory Of Visual Perception

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Ptolemy's Theory of Visual Perception

Ptolemy,A. Mark Smith
Ptolemy s Theory of Visual Perception Book PDF

Author : Ptolemy,A. Mark Smith
Publisher : American Philosophical Society
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Science
ISBN : 0871698625

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Ptolemy's Theory of Visual Perception by Ptolemy,A. Mark Smith Pdf

This is a print on demand Publication. This is a reprint, this is not an original. Contents: Introduction; Ptolemy: A Biographical Sketch; The "Optics": A Biographical Sketch; An Overview of the "Optics"; The Historical Influence of the "Optics"; English Translation; & Bibliography. The English translation of this text is based upon Albert Lejeune's critical Latin text of 1956, which was reprinted in the 1990s along with a French translation & supplementary annotations. Illus.

Theories of Vision from Al-kindi to Kepler

David C. Lindberg
Theories of Vision from Al kindi to Kepler Book PDF

Author : David C. Lindberg
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 337 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 1976
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780226482354

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Theories of Vision from Al-kindi to Kepler by David C. Lindberg Pdf

Kepler's successful solution to the problem of vision early in the seventeenth century was a theoretical triumph as significant as many of the more celebrated developments of the scientific revolution. Yet the full import of Kepler's arguments can be grasped only when they are viewed against the background of ancient, medieval, and Renaissance visual theory. David C. Lindberg provides this background, and in doing so he fills the gap in historical scholarship and constructs a model for tracing the development of scientific ideas. David C. Lindberg is professor and chairman of the department of the history of science at the University of Wisconsin, Madison.

The Beginnings of Western Science

David C. Lindberg
The Beginnings of Western Science Book PDF

Author : David C. Lindberg
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 506 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2010-02-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780226482040

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The Beginnings of Western Science by David C. Lindberg Pdf

When it was first published in 1992, The Beginnings of Western Science was lauded as the first successful attempt ever to present a unified account of both ancient and medieval science in a single volume. Chronicling the development of scientific ideas, practices, and institutions from pre-Socratic Greek philosophy to late-Medieval scholasticism, David C. Lindberg surveyed all the most important themes in the history of science, including developments in cosmology, astronomy, mechanics, optics, alchemy, natural history, and medicine. In addition, he offered an illuminating account of the transmission of Greek science to medieval Islam and subsequently to medieval Europe. The Beginnings of Western Science was, and remains, a landmark in the history of science, shaping the way students and scholars understand these critically formative periods of scientific development. It reemerges here in a second edition that includes revisions on nearly every page, as well as several sections that have been completely rewritten. For example, the section on Islamic science has been thoroughly retooled to reveal the magnitude and sophistication of medieval Muslim scientific achievement. And the book now reflects a sharper awareness of the importance of Mesopotamian science for the development of Greek astronomy. In all, the second edition of The Beginnings of Western Science captures the current state of our understanding of more than two millennia of science and promises to continue to inspire both students and general readers.

Alhacen's Theory of Visual Perception

Alhazen,A. Mark Smith
Alhacen s Theory of Visual Perception Book PDF

Author : Alhazen,A. Mark Smith
Publisher : American Philosophical Society
Page : 496 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Science
ISBN : 0871699141

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Alhacen's Theory of Visual Perception by Alhazen,A. Mark Smith Pdf

Sometime between 1028 and 1038, Ibn al-Haytham completed his monumental optical synthesis, Kitab al-Manazir ("Book of Optics"). By no later than 1200, and perhaps somewhat earlier, this treatise appeared in Latin under the title De aspectibus. In that form it was attributed to a certain "Alhacen." These differences in title and authorial designation are indicative of the profound differences between the two versions, Arabic and Latin, of the treatise. In many ways, in fact, they can be regarded not simply as different versions of the same work, but as different works in their own right. Accordingly, the Arab author, Ibn al-Haytham, and his Latin incarnation, Alhacen, represent two distinct, sometimes even conflicting, interpretive voices. And the same holds for their respective texts. To complicate matters, "Alhacen" does not represent a single interpretive voice. There were at least two translators at work on the Latin text, one of them adhering faithfully to the Arabic original, the other content with distilling, even paraphrasing, the Arabic original. Consequently, the Latin text presents not one, but at least two faces to the reader. This two-volume critical edition represents fourteen years of work on Dr. Smith's part. Awarded the 2001 J. F. Lewis Award.

Ptolemy and the Foundations of Ancient Mathematical Optics

A. Mark Smith
Ptolemy and the Foundations of Ancient Mathematical Optics Book PDF

Author : A. Mark Smith
Publisher : American Philosophical Society
Page : 180 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 0871698935

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Ptolemy and the Foundations of Ancient Mathematical Optics by A. Mark Smith Pdf

Contents: (I) Ancient Theories of Visual Perception: The Physics of Vision; The Physiology of Vision; The Psychology of Visual Perception; (II) Optics Proper: Analysis of Direct Vision: The Visual Cone; The Visual Perception of Physical Space; Binocular Vision; (III) Catoptrics: Analysis of Vision by Reflected Rays: The Law of Equal Angles; Multiple Reflections and Multiple Images; The Principles of Image-Location; Image-Formation and Distortion; Visual Effecs from Composite Mirrors; (IV) Dioptrics: Analysis of Vision by Deflected Rays: Observation and Explanation of the Phenomenon; Practical Application: The Problem of Atmospheric Refraction; Image-Location as a Function of the Shape of the Refracting Surface; Size-Distortion; (V) Analysis of the Rainbow and of Burning Mirrors; (VI) Conclusion. Illus.

A Natural History of Vision

Nicholas J. Wade
A Natural History of Vision Book PDF

Author : Nicholas J. Wade
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 492 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2000-01-31
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0262731290

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A Natural History of Vision by Nicholas J. Wade Pdf

This illustrated survey covers what Nicholas Wade calls the "observational era of vision," beginning with the Greek philosophers and ending with Wheatstone's description of the stereoscope in the late 1830s.

Seeing and Being Seen in the Later Medieval World

Dallas G. Denery II
Seeing and Being Seen in the Later Medieval World Book PDF

Author : Dallas G. Denery II
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 219 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2005-04-28
Category : History
ISBN : 9781139443814

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Seeing and Being Seen in the Later Medieval World by Dallas G. Denery II Pdf

During the later Middle Ages people became increasingly obsessed with vision, visual analogies and the possibility of visual error. In this book Dallas Denery addresses the question of what medieval men and women thought it meant to see themselves and others in relation to the world and to God. Exploring the writings of Roger Bacon, Duns Scotus, Peter Aureol and Nicholas of Autrecourt in light of an assortment of popular religious guides for preachers, confessors and penitents, including Peter of Limoges' Treatise on the Moral Eye, he illustrates how the question preoccupied medieval men and women on both an intellectual and practical level. This book offers a unique interdisciplinary examination of the interplay between religious life, perspectivist optics and theology. Denery presents significant new insights into the medieval psyche and conception of the self, ensuring that this book will appeal to historians of medieval science and those of medieval religious life and theology.

Studies on Binocular Vision

Dominique Raynaud
Studies on Binocular Vision Book PDF

Author : Dominique Raynaud
Publisher : Springer
Page : 297 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2016-09-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319427218

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Studies on Binocular Vision by Dominique Raynaud Pdf

This book clarifies the interrelationship between optics, vision and perspective before the Classical Age, examining binocularity in particular. The author shows how binocular vision was one of the key juncture points between the three concepts and readers will see how important it is to understand the approach that scholars once took. In the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, the concept of Perspectiva – the Latin word for optics – encompassed many areas of enquiry that had been viewed since antiquity as interconnected, but which afterwards were separated: optics was incorporated into the field of physics (i.e., physical and geometrical optics), vision came to be regarded as the sum of various psycho-physiological mechanisms involved in the way the eye operates (i.e., physiological optics and psychology of vision) and the word ‘perspective’ was reserved for the mathematical representation of the external world (i.e., linear perspective). The author shows how this division, which emerged as a result of the spread of the sciences in classical Europe, turns out to be an anachronism if we confront certain facts from the immediately preceding periods. It is essential to take into account the way medieval scholars posed the problem – which included all facets of the Latin word perspectiva – when exploring the events of this period. This book will appeal to a broad readership, from philosophers and historians of science, to those working in geometry, optics, ophthalmology and architecture.

Visual Perception

Michael T. Swanston,Nicholas J. Wade
Visual Perception Book PDF

Author : Michael T. Swanston,Nicholas J. Wade
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 308 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2013-02-01
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781135431426

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Visual Perception by Michael T. Swanston,Nicholas J. Wade Pdf

Vision is our most dominant sense, from which we derive most of our information about the world. From the light that enters the eye and the processing in the brain that follows we can sense where things are, how they move and what they are. The first edition of Visual Perception took a refreshingly different approach to perception, starting from the function that vision serves for an active observer in a three-dimensional environment. This fully revised and expanded new edition continues this approach in contrast to the traditional textbook treatment of vision as a catalogue of phenomena. Following a general introduction to the main theoretical approaches, the authors discuss the historical basis of our current knowledge. Placing the study of vision in its historical context, they look at how our ideas have been shaped by art, optics, biology and philosophy as well as psychology. Visual optics and the neurophysiology of vision are also described. The core of the book covers the perception of location, motion and object recognition. There is a new chapter on representation and vision, including a section on the perception of computer generated images. This readable, accessible and truly relevant introduction to the world of perception aims to elicit both independent thought and further study. It will be welcomed by students of visual perception and those with a general interest in the mysteries of vision.

Sight, Touch, and Imagination in Byzantium

Roland Betancourt
Sight Touch and Imagination in Byzantium Book PDF

Author : Roland Betancourt
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 419 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2018-04-12
Category : Art
ISBN : 9781108424745

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Sight, Touch, and Imagination in Byzantium by Roland Betancourt Pdf

Studies the interrelation of sight, touch, and the imagination in ancient and medieval Greek theories of perception and cognition.

Mirrors of the Divine

Emily R. Cain
Mirrors of the Divine Book PDF

Author : Emily R. Cain
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 225 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2023
Category : History
ISBN : 9780197663370

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Mirrors of the Divine by Emily R. Cain Pdf

"There has long been a curious fascination with eyes and mirrors as evident throughout art, film, and literature. From fantastical characters who shoot lasers from their eyes to those whose memories are altered visually, the way in which a story portrays the function of the eyes demonstrates the way the storyteller imagines the character's relationship to the world. Is the character powerful or powerless? Does she impact her world or is she impacted by that world? The storyteller's portrayal of vision answers those questions and reveals deeper assumptions about the individual and her ability to move within and to know her world. While eyes are associated with interacting with this world, mirrors are distinctly associated with interacting with some other world. Mirrors function as portals to other worlds, windows that glimpse an alternate reality, or harmful traps that hide sinister intentions. How an author portrays eyes reveals how she understands the world, while how she portrays mirrors reveals how she imagines the unknown"--

From Sight to Light

A. Mark Smith
From Sight to Light Book PDF

Author : A. Mark Smith
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 470 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2017-11-16
Category : History
ISBN : 9780226528571

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From Sight to Light by A. Mark Smith Pdf

From its inception in Greek antiquity, the science of optics was aimed primarily at explaining sight and accounting for why things look as they do. By the end of the seventeenth century, however, the analytic focus of optics had shifted to light: its fundamental properties and such physical behaviors as reflection, refraction, and diffraction. This dramatic shift—which A. Mark Smith characterizes as the “Keplerian turn”—lies at the heart of this fascinating and pioneering study. Breaking from previous scholarship that sees Johannes Kepler as the culmination of a long-evolving optical tradition that traced back to Greek antiquity via the Muslim Middle Ages, Smith presents Kepler instead as marking a rupture with this tradition, arguing that his theory of retinal imaging, which was published in 1604, was instrumental in prompting the turn from sight to light. Kepler’s new theory of sight, Smith reveals, thus takes on true historical significance: by treating the eye as a mere light-focusing device rather than an image-producing instrument—as traditionally understood—Kepler’s account of retinal imaging helped spur the shift in analytic focus that eventually led to modern optics. A sweeping survey, From Sight to Light is poised to become the standard reference for historians of optics as well as those interested more broadly in the history of science, the history of art, and cultural and intellectual history.

Nature, Experiment, and the Sciences

Trevor H. Levere,W.R. Shea
Nature Experiment and the Sciences Book PDF

Author : Trevor H. Levere,W.R. Shea
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 356 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400918788

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Nature, Experiment, and the Sciences by Trevor H. Levere,W.R. Shea Pdf

This collection of essays is a tribute to Stillman Drake by some of his friends and colleagues, and by others on whom his work has had a formative influence. It is difficult to know him without succumbing to his combination of discipline and enthusiasm, even in fields remote from Renaissance physics and natural philosophy; and so he should not be surprised in this volume to see emphases and methods congenial to him, even on topics as remote as Darwin or the chemical revolution. Therein lies whatever unity the discerning reader may find in this book, beyond the natural focus and coherence of the largest section, on Galileo, and the final section on Drake's collection of books, a major and now accessible resource for research in the field that he has made his own. We have chosen, as the occasion for presenting the volume to Stillman Drake, Galileo's birthday; Galileo has had more than one birthday party in Toronto since Drake came to the University of Toronto. As for the title, it reflects a shared conviction that experiment is the key to science; it is what scientists do. Drake has already asserted that emphasis in the title of his magisterial Galileo at Work, and we echo it here. Those who have had the privilege and pleasure of working and arguing with Stillman over the years know his tenacity, penetration, and vigour. They also know his generosity and humility. We owe him much.

A Companion to Science, Technology, and Medicine in Ancient Greece and Rome, 2 Volume Set

Georgia L. Irby
A Companion to Science Technology and Medicine in Ancient Greece and Rome 2 Volume Set Book PDF

Author : Georgia L. Irby
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 1112 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2016-04-04
Category : History
ISBN : 9781118372678

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A Companion to Science, Technology, and Medicine in Ancient Greece and Rome, 2 Volume Set by Georgia L. Irby Pdf

A Companion to Science, Technology, and Medicine in Ancient Greece and Rome brings a fresh perspective to the study of these disciplines in the ancient world, with 60 chapters examining these topics from a variety of critical and technical perspectives. Brings a fresh perspective to the study of science, technology, and medicine in the ancient world, with 60 chapters examining these topics from a variety of critical and technical perspectives Begins coverage in 600 BCE and includes sections on the later Roman Empire and beyond, featuring discussion of the transmission and reception of these ideas into the Renaissance Investigates key disciplines, concepts, and movements in ancient science, technology, and medicine within the historical, cultural, and philosophical contexts of Greek and Roman society Organizes its content in two halves: the first focuses on mathematical and natural sciences; the second focuses on cultural applications and interdisciplinary themes 2 Volumes

The Oxford Handbook of Science and Medicine in the Classical World

Paul Keyser,with John Scarborough
The Oxford Handbook of Science and Medicine in the Classical World Book PDF

Author : Paul Keyser,with John Scarborough
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 1200 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2018-06-26
Category : Literary Collections
ISBN : 9780190878832

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The Oxford Handbook of Science and Medicine in the Classical World by Paul Keyser,with John Scarborough Pdf

With a focus on science in the ancient societies of Greece and Rome, including glimpses into Egypt, Mesopotamia, India and China, The Oxford Handbook of Science and Medicine in the Classical World offers an in depth synthesis of science and medicine circa 650 BCE to 650 CE. The Handbook comprises five sections, each with a specific focus on ancient science and medicine. The second section covers the early Greek era, up through Plato and the mid-fourth century bce. The third section covers the long Hellenistic era, from Aristotle through the end of the Roman Republic, acknowledging that the political shift does not mark a sharp intellectual break. The fourth section covers the Roman era from the late Republic through the transition to Late Antiquity. The final section covers the era of Late Antiquity, including the early Byzantine centuries. The Handbook provides through each of its approximately four dozen essays, a synthesis and synopsis of the concepts and models of the various ancient natural sciences, covering the early Greek era through the fall of the Roman Republic, including essays that explore topics such as music theory, ancient philosophers, astrology, and alchemy. The Oxford Handbook of Science and Medicine in the Classical World guides the reader to further exploration of the concepts and models of the ancient sciences, how they evolved and changed over time, and how they relate to one another and to their antecedents. There are a total of four dozen or so topical essays in the five sections, each of which takes as its focus the primary texts, explaining what is now known as well as indicating what future generations of scholars may come to know. Contributors suggest the ranges of scholarly disagreements and have been free to advocate their own positions. Readers are led into further literature (both primary and secondary) through the comprehensive and extensive bibliographies provided with each chapter.