Public Participation And Technological Decision Making
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Public Participation in Science by Simon Joss,John Durant Pdf
The call for increased public involvement in the formulation of science and technology policy has resulted in the consensus conference: an initiative which involves lay people in the assessment of socially sensitive topics. This book draws together the pioneering experiences of the Danish, Dutch and British organisers of consensus conferences, as well as offering a scheme, developed at a multinational two-day workshop in 1995 in London, for producing comparable data for the evaluation of consensus conferences.
K. Guild Nichols,Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Author : K. Guild Nichols,Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Publisher : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ; [Washington, D.C. : sold by OECD Publications and Information Center] Page : 136 pages File Size : 41,9 Mb Release : 1979 Category : Science ISBN : UOM:39015005012177
National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on the Human Dimensions of Global Change,Panel on Public Participation in Environmental Assessment and Decision Making
Author : National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on the Human Dimensions of Global Change,Panel on Public Participation in Environmental Assessment and Decision Making Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 322 pages File Size : 46,5 Mb Release : 2008-11-07 Category : Political Science ISBN : 9780309134415
Public Participation in Environmental Assessment and Decision Making by National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on the Human Dimensions of Global Change,Panel on Public Participation in Environmental Assessment and Decision Making Pdf
Federal agencies have taken steps to include the public in a wide range of environmental decisions. Although some form of public participation is often required by law, agencies usually have broad discretion about the extent of that involvement. Approaches vary widely, from holding public information-gathering meetings to forming advisory groups to actively including citizens in making and implementing decisions. Proponents of public participation argue that those who must live with the outcome of an environmental decision should have some influence on it. Critics maintain that public participation slows decision making and can lower its quality by including people unfamiliar with the science involved. This book concludes that, when done correctly, public participation improves the quality of federal agencies' decisions about the environment. Well-managed public involvement also increases the legitimacy of decisions in the eyes of those affected by them, which makes it more likely that the decisions will be implemented effectively. This book recommends that agencies recognize public participation as valuable to their objectives, not just as a formality required by the law. It details principles and approaches agencies can use to successfully involve the public.
A Decision-Making Model Utilizing Information Technology by Timika L. Burnett,Mehmet Ergun Pdf
This thesis research combines several proven methods by which public participation can be used more effectively in a government decision-making process. The research involved fulfills three primary purposes. First, the research provides a flexible user-friendly internet-based platform, whereby the knowledge level of a disparate group of stakeholders can be improved with respect to a complex technical subject. Second, the research demonstrates a method by which stakeholder consensus is derived. Third, the research exhibits a method by which public values are aggregated, whatever the level of consensus; the data is then provided to the government for use in a decision-making model.
Science and Technology Governance and Ethics by Miltos Ladikas,Sachin Chaturvedi,Yandong Zhao,Dirk Stemerding Pdf
This book analyzes the possibilities for effective global governance of science in Europe, India and China. Authors from the three regions join forces to explore how ethical concerns over new technologies can be incorporated into global science and technology policies. The first chapter introduces the topic, offering a global perspective on embedding ethics in science and technology policy. Chapter Two compares the institutionalization of ethical debates in science, technology and innovation policy in three important regions: Europe, India and China. The third chapter explores public perceptions of science and technology in these same three regions. Chapter Four discusses public engagement in the governance of science and technology, and Chapter Five reviews science and technology governance and European values. The sixth chapter describes and analyzes values demonstrated in the constitution of the People’s Republic of China. Chapter Seven describes emerging evidence from India on the uses of science and technology for socio-economic development, and the quest for inclusive growth. In Chapter Eight, the authors propose a comparative framework for studying global ethics in science and technology. The following three chapters offer case studies and analysis of three emerging industries in India, China and Europe: new food technologies, nanotechnology and synthetic biology. Chapter 12 gathers all these threads for a comprehensive discussion on incorporating ethics into science and technology policy. The analysis is undertaken against the backdrop of different value systems and varying levels of public perception of risks and benefits. The book introduces a common analytical framework for the comparative discussion of ethics at the international level. The authors offer policy recommendations for effective collaboration among the three regions, to promote responsible governance in science and technology and a common analytical perspective in ethics.
Citizen Participation in Public Decision Making by Jack DeSario,Stuart Langton,Policy Studies Organization Pdf
As services provided by government have expanded over the past several decades, so inevitably, has bureaucracy--especially the corps of professional administrators in charge of programs ranging from health care to the maintenance of efficient transportation networks. Under pressure from reform groups to promote public accountability by involving citizens in the decision-making process, government has begun to place private citizens on many important health, education, transportation, and environmental planning bodies. This study of citizen participation and technocracy, written by twelve prominent specialists, provides the first comprehensive theoretical and empirical analyses of these recent developments and their impact on formulating, directing, and implementing public policies.
Empowering Open and Collaborative Governance by Yannis Charalabidis,Sotirios Koussouris Pdf
The use of information and communication technologies to support public administrations, governments and decision makers has been recorded for more than 20 years and dubbed e-Government. Moving towards open governance roadmaps worldwide, electronic participation and citizen engagement stand out as a new domain, important both for decision makers and citizens; and over the last decade, there have been a variety of related pilot projects and innovative approaches. With contributions from leading researchers, Charalabidis and Koussouris provide the latest research findings such as theoretical foundations, principles, methodologies, architectures, technical frameworks, cases and lessons learnt within the domain of open, collaborative governance and online citizen engagement. The book is divided into three sections: Section one, “Public Policy Debate Foundations,” lays the foundations regarding processes and methods for scoping, planning, evaluating and transforming citizen engagement. The second section, “Information and Communication Technologies for Citizen Participation,” details practical approaches to designing and creating collaborative governance infrastructures and citizen participation for businesses and administrations. Lastly, the third section on “Future Research Directions of Open, Collaborative ICT-enabled Governance” provides a constructive critique of the developments in the past and presents prospects regarding future challenges and research directions. The book is mainly written for academic researchers and graduate students working in the computer, social, political and management sciences. Its audience includes researchers and practitioners in e-Governance, public administration officials, policy and decision makers at the local, national and international level engaged in the design and creation of policies and services, and ICT professionals engaged in e-Governance and policy modelling projects and solutions.
Systems Thinking and E-Participation: ICT in the Governance of Society by Cordoba-Pachon, Jose Rodrigo,Ochoa-Arias, Alejandro Elias Pdf
The development of information-based societies worldwide is now impacting public organizations and their delivery of services to citizens. Systems Thinking and E-Participation: ICT in the Governance of Society provides a systemic-based inquiry platform to explore boundaries, limits, and advantages of information and communication technology use in the public decision making processes. With theoretical and practical contributions, this publication examines the impact of governmental technologies useful to those involved with politics, sociology, and information systems.
Author : Frans H. J. M. Coenen Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media Page : 212 pages File Size : 54,5 Mb Release : 2008-12-12 Category : Science ISBN : 9781402093258
Public Participation and Better Environmental Decisions by Frans H. J. M. Coenen Pdf
Public Participation and Better Environmental Decisions is about a specific ‘promise’ that participation holds for environmental decision-making. Many of the arguments for public participation in (inter)national environmental policy documents are functional, that is to say they see public participation as a means to an end. Sound solutions to environmental problems require participation beyond experts and political elites. Neglecting information from the public leads to legitimacy questions and potential conflicts. There is a discourse in the literature and in policy practice as to whether decision-making improves in quality as additional relevant information by the public is considered. The promise that public participation holds has to be weighed against the limitations of public participation in terms of costs and interest conflicts. The question that Public Participation and Better Environmental Decisions seeks to answer for academics, planners and civil servants in all environmental relevant policy fields is: What restricts and what enables information to hold the ‘promise’ that public participation lead to better environmental decision-making and better outcomes?
Citizens as Partners Information, Consultation and Public Participation in Policy-Making by OECD Pdf
This book examines a wide range of country experiences, offers examples of good practice, highlights innovative approaches and identifies promising tools (including new information technologies)for engaging citizens in policy making. It proposes a set of ten guiding principles.
Citizen E-Participation in Urban Governance: Crowdsourcing and Collaborative Creativity by Silva, Carlos Nunes Pdf
The relationship between citizens and city governments is gradually transforming due to the utilization of advanced information and communication technologies in order to inform, consult, and engage citizens. Citizen E-Participation in Urban Governance: Crowdsourcing and Collaborative Creativity explores the nature of the new challenges confronting citizens and local governments in the field of urban governance. This comprehensive reference source explores the role that Web 2.0 technologies play in promoting citizen participation and empowerment in the city government and is intended for scholars, researchers, students, and practitioners in the field of urban studies, urban planning, political science, public administration, and more.
Ethics and Technology Assessment: A Participatory Approach by Matthew Cotton Pdf
Whether it is nuclear power, geo-engineering or genetically modified foods, the development of new technologies can be fraught with complex ethical challenges and political controversy which defy simple resolution. In the past two decades there has been a shift towards processes of Participatory Technology Assessment designed to build channels of two-way communication between technical specialists and non-expert citizens, and to incorporate multiple stakeholder perspectives in the governance of contentious technology programmes. This participatory turn has spurred a need for new tools and techniques to encourage group deliberation and capture public values, moral and choices. This book specifically examines the ethical dimensions of controversial technologies, and discusses how these can be evaluated in a philosophically robust manner when the ones doing the deliberating are not ethicists, legal or technical experts. Grounded in philosophical pragmatism and drawing upon empirical work in partnership with citizen-stakeholders, this book presents a model called “Reflective Ethical Mapping” - a new meta-ethical framework and toolbox of techniques to facilitate citizen engagement with technology ethics.
Digital Government and Achieving E-Public Participation: Emerging Research and Opportunities by Rodríguez Bolívar, Manuel Pedro,Cortés Cediel, María Elicia Pdf
The development of social technologies has brought about a new era of political planning and government interactions. In addition to reducing costs in city resource management, ICT and social media can be used in emergency situations as a mechanism for citizen engagement, to facilitate public administration communication, etc. In spite of all these advantages, the application of technologies by governments and the public sector has also fostered debate in terms of cyber security due to the vulnerabilities and risks that can befall different stakeholders. It is necessary to review the most recent research about the implementation of ICTs in the public sector with the aim of understanding both the strengths and the vulnerabilities that the management models can entail. Digital Government and Achieving E-Public Participation: Emerging Research and Opportunities is a collection of innovative research on the methods and applications of ICT implementation in the public sector that seeks to allow readers to understand how ICTs have forced public administrations to undertake reforms to both their workflow and their means of interacting with citizens. While highlighting topics including e-government, emergency communications, and urban planning, this book is ideally designed for government officials, public administrators, public managers, policy holders, policymakers, public consultants, professionals, academicians, students, and researchers seeking current research on the digital communication channels between elected officials and the citizens they represent.
