Radiative Forcing Of Climate Change

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Radiative Forcing of Climate Change

National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Climate Research Committee,Committee on Radiative Forcing Effects on Climate
Radiative Forcing of Climate Change Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Climate Research Committee,Committee on Radiative Forcing Effects on Climate
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 222 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2005-03-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309133500

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Radiative Forcing of Climate Change by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Climate Research Committee,Committee on Radiative Forcing Effects on Climate Pdf

Changes in climate are driven by natural and human-induced perturbations of the Earth's energy balance. These climate drivers or "forcings" include variations in greenhouse gases, aerosols, land use, and the amount of energy Earth receives from the Sun. Although climate throughout Earth's history has varied from "snowball" conditions with global ice cover to "hothouse" conditions when glaciers all but disappeared, the climate over the past 10,000 years has been remarkably stable and favorable to human civilization. Increasing evidence points to a large human impact on global climate over the past century. The report reviews current knowledge of climate forcings and recommends critical research needed to improve understanding. Whereas emphasis to date has been on how these climate forcings affect global mean temperature, the report finds that regional variation and climate impacts other than temperature deserve increased attention.

Radiative Forcing of Climate Change

National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Climate Research Committee,Committee on Radiative Forcing Effects on Climate
Radiative Forcing of Climate Change Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Climate Research Committee,Committee on Radiative Forcing Effects on Climate
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 223 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2005-04-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309095068

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Radiative Forcing of Climate Change by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Climate Research Committee,Committee on Radiative Forcing Effects on Climate Pdf

Changes in climate are driven by natural and human-induced perturbations of the Earth's energy balance. These climate drivers or "forcings" include variations in greenhouse gases, aerosols, land use, and the amount of energy Earth receives from the Sun. Although climate throughout Earth's history has varied from "snowball" conditions with global ice cover to "hothouse" conditions when glaciers all but disappeared, the climate over the past 10,000 years has been remarkably stable and favorable to human civilization. Increasing evidence points to a large human impact on global climate over the past century. The report reviews current knowledge of climate forcings and recommends critical research needed to improve understanding. Whereas emphasis to date has been on how these climate forcings affect global mean temperature, the report finds that regional variation and climate impacts other than temperature deserve increased attention.

Policy Implications of Greenhouse Warming

National Academy of Engineering,National Academy of Sciences,Policy and Global Affairs,Institute of Medicine,Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy,Panel on Policy Implications of Greenhouse Warming
Policy Implications of Greenhouse Warming Book PDF

Author : National Academy of Engineering,National Academy of Sciences,Policy and Global Affairs,Institute of Medicine,Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy,Panel on Policy Implications of Greenhouse Warming
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 945 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 1992-02-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309043861

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Policy Implications of Greenhouse Warming by National Academy of Engineering,National Academy of Sciences,Policy and Global Affairs,Institute of Medicine,Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy,Panel on Policy Implications of Greenhouse Warming Pdf

Global warming continues to gain importance on the international agenda and calls for action are heightening. Yet, there is still controversy over what must be done and what is needed to proceed. Policy Implications of Greenhouse Warming describes the information necessary to make decisions about global warming resulting from atmospheric releases of radiatively active trace gases. The conclusions and recommendations include some unexpected results. The distinguished authoring committee provides specific advice for U.S. policy and addresses the need for an international response to potential greenhouse warming. It offers a realistic view of gaps in the scientific understanding of greenhouse warming and how much effort and expense might be required to produce definitive answers. The book presents methods for assessing options to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, offset emissions, and assist humans and unmanaged systems of plants and animals to adjust to the consequences of global warming.

Surface Temperature Reconstructions for the Last 2,000 Years

National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Surface Temperature Reconstructions for the Last 2,000 Years
Surface Temperature Reconstructions for the Last 2 000 Years Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Surface Temperature Reconstructions for the Last 2,000 Years
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 160 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2007-01-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309102254

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Surface Temperature Reconstructions for the Last 2,000 Years by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Surface Temperature Reconstructions for the Last 2,000 Years Pdf

In response to a request from Congress, Surface Temperature Reconstructions for the Last 2,000 Years assesses the state of scientific efforts to reconstruct surface temperature records for Earth during approximately the last 2,000 years and the implications of these efforts for our understanding of global climate change. Because widespread, reliable temperature records are available only for the last 150 years, scientists estimate temperatures in the more distant past by analyzing "proxy evidence," which includes tree rings, corals, ocean and lake sediments, cave deposits, ice cores, boreholes, and glaciers. Starting in the late 1990s, scientists began using sophisticated methods to combine proxy evidence from many different locations in an effort to estimate surface temperature changes during the last few hundred to few thousand years. This book is an important resource in helping to understand the intricacies of global climate change.

Radiative Forcing of Climate Change

National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,COMMITTEE ON RADIATIVE FORCING EFFECTS ON CLIMATE.,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Climate Research Committee
Radiative Forcing of Climate Change Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,COMMITTEE ON RADIATIVE FORCING EFFECTS ON CLIMATE.,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Climate Research Committee
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 222 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2005-03-25
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0309384370

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Radiative Forcing of Climate Change by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,COMMITTEE ON RADIATIVE FORCING EFFECTS ON CLIMATE.,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Climate Research Committee Pdf

Changes in climate are driven by natural and human-induced perturbations of the Earthâ (TM)s energy balance. These climate drivers or "forcings" include variations in greenhouse gases, aerosols, land use, and the amount of energy Earth receives from the Sun. Although climate throughout Earthâ (TM)s history has varied from "snowball" conditions with global ice cover to "hothouse" conditions when glaciers all but disappeared, the climate over the past 10,000 years has been remarkably stable and favorable to human civilization. Increasing evidence points to a large human impact on global climate over the past century. The report reviews current knowledge of climate forcings and recommends critical research needed to improve understanding. Whereas emphasis to date has been on how these climate forcings affect global mean temperature, the report finds that regional variation and climate impacts other than temperature deserve increased attention.

Climate Change Science

National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Committee on the Science of Climate Change
Climate Change Science Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Committee on the Science of Climate Change
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 41 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2001-06-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309183352

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Climate Change Science by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Committee on the Science of Climate Change Pdf

The warming of the Earth has been the subject of intense debate and concern for many scientists, policy-makers, and citizens for at least the past decade. Climate Change Science: An Analysis of Some Key Questions, a new report by a committee of the National Research Council, characterizes the global warming trend over the last 100 years, and examines what may be in store for the 21st century and the extent to which warming may be attributable to human activity.

A Plan for a Research Program on Aerosol Radiative Forcing and Climate Change

Panel on Aerosol Radiative Forcing and Climate Change,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Division on Earth and Life Studies,National Research Council
A Plan for a Research Program on Aerosol Radiative Forcing and Climate Change Book PDF

Author : Panel on Aerosol Radiative Forcing and Climate Change,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Division on Earth and Life Studies,National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 180 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 1996-05-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309588874

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A Plan for a Research Program on Aerosol Radiative Forcing and Climate Change by Panel on Aerosol Radiative Forcing and Climate Change,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Division on Earth and Life Studies,National Research Council Pdf

This book recommends the initiation of an "integrated" research program to study the role of aerosols in the predicted global climate change. Current understanding suggest that, even now, aerosols, primarily from anthropogenic sources, may be reducing the rate of warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions. In addition to specific research recommendations, this book forcefully argues for two kinds of research program integration: integration of the individual laboratory, field, and theoretical research activities and an integrated management structure that involves all of the concerned federal agencies.

Climate Change 1994

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Working Group I.
Climate Change 1994 Book PDF

Author : Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Working Group I.
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 358 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 1995-05-04
Category : Science
ISBN : 0521559626

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Climate Change 1994 by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Working Group I. Pdf

An essential reference work on climate change and the effect of greenhouse gases.

Climate Stabilization Targets

National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Stabilization Targets for Atmospheric Greenhouse Gas Concentrations
Climate Stabilization Targets Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Stabilization Targets for Atmospheric Greenhouse Gas Concentrations
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 298 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2011-02-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309208932

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Climate Stabilization Targets by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Stabilization Targets for Atmospheric Greenhouse Gas Concentrations Pdf

Emissions of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels have ushered in a new epoch where human activities will largely determine the evolution of Earth's climate. Because carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is long lived, it can effectively lock the Earth and future generations into a range of impacts, some of which could become very severe. Emissions reductions decisions made today matter in determining impacts experienced not just over the next few decades, but in the coming centuries and millennia. According to Climate Stabilization Targets: Emissions, Concentrations, and Impacts Over Decades to Millennia, important policy decisions can be informed by recent advances in climate science that quantify the relationships between increases in carbon dioxide and global warming, related climate changes, and resulting impacts, such as changes in streamflow, wildfires, crop productivity, extreme hot summers, and sea level rise. One way to inform these choices is to consider the projected climate changes and impacts that would occur if greenhouse gases in the atmosphere were stabilized at a particular concentration level. The book quantifies the outcomes of different stabilization targets for greenhouse gas concentrations using analyses and information drawn from the scientific literature. Although it does not recommend or justify any particular stabilization target, it does provide important scientific insights about the relationships among emissions, greenhouse gas concentrations, temperatures, and impacts. Climate Stabilization Targets emphasizes the importance of 21st century choices regarding long-term climate stabilization. It is a useful resource for scientists, educators and policy makers, among others.

Climate Intervention

National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Geoengineering Climate: Technical Evaluation and Discussion of Impacts
Climate Intervention Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Geoengineering Climate: Technical Evaluation and Discussion of Impacts
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2015-06-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309314855

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Climate Intervention by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Geoengineering Climate: Technical Evaluation and Discussion of Impacts Pdf

The growing problem of changing environmental conditions caused by climate destabilization is well recognized as one of the defining issues of our time. The root problem is greenhouse gas emissions, and the fundamental solution is curbing those emissions. Climate geoengineering has often been considered to be a "last-ditch" response to climate change, to be used only if climate change damage should produce extreme hardship. Although the likelihood of eventually needing to resort to these efforts grows with every year of inaction on emissions control, there is a lack of information on these ways of potentially intervening in the climate system. As one of a two-book report, this volume of Climate Intervention discusses albedo modification - changing the fraction of incoming solar radiation that reaches the surface. This approach would deliberately modify the energy budget of Earth to produce a cooling designed to compensate for some of the effects of warming associated with greenhouse gas increases. The prospect of large-scale albedo modification raises political and governance issues at national and global levels, as well as ethical concerns. Climate Intervention: Reflecting Sunlight to Cool Earth discusses some of the social, political, and legal issues surrounding these proposed techniques. It is far easier to modify Earth's albedo than to determine whether it should be done or what the consequences might be of such an action. One serious concern is that such an action could be unilaterally undertaken by a small nation or smaller entity for its own benefit without international sanction and regardless of international consequences. Transparency in discussing this subject is critical. In the spirit of that transparency, Climate Intervention: Reflecting Sunlight to Cool Earth was based on peer-reviewed literature and the judgments of the authoring committee; no new research was done as part of this study and all data and information used are from entirely open sources. By helping to bring light to this topic area, this book will help leaders to be far more knowledgeable about the consequences of albedo modification approaches before they face a decision whether or not to use them.

Climate Change 1994

John T. Houghton,L. G. Meira Filho,James P. Bruce,Hoesung Lee,Bruce A. Callander,E. F. Haites
Climate Change 1994 Book PDF

Author : John T. Houghton,L. G. Meira Filho,James P. Bruce,Hoesung Lee,Bruce A. Callander,E. F. Haites
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 347 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 1995-05-04
Category : Science
ISBN : 0521550556

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Climate Change 1994 by John T. Houghton,L. G. Meira Filho,James P. Bruce,Hoesung Lee,Bruce A. Callander,E. F. Haites Pdf

The United Nations Environment Program and the World Meterological Organization set up the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 1988 to provide an authoritative international consensus of scientific opinion on climate change. This report, prepared by IPCC Working Groups I and II, reviews the latest scientific evidence on the following key topics: radiative forcing of climate change; the latest values of global warming potential (used to compare the potential effect on future climate of different anthropogenic factors); the stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere; and an evaluation of scenarios of future greenhouse gas emissions. Researchers in climatology and environmental science, as well as environmental and science policy, will benefit from this book.

Understanding Climate Change

Nicholas Schneider
Understanding Climate Change Book PDF

Author : Nicholas Schneider
Publisher : The Fraser Institute
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2008-02
Category : Climatic changes
ISBN : 9780889752337

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Understanding Climate Change by Nicholas Schneider Pdf

Understanding Climate Change aims to provide a comprehensive but easily readable summary of the current state of climate change science.

Climate Change Science: A Modern Synthesis

G. Thomas Farmer,John Cook
Climate Change Science A Modern Synthesis Book PDF

Author : G. Thomas Farmer,John Cook
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 567 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2013-01-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400757578

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Climate Change Science: A Modern Synthesis by G. Thomas Farmer,John Cook Pdf

An introduction to the principles of climate change science with an emphasis on the empirical evidence for climate change and a warming world. Additional readings are given at the end of each chapter. A list of "Things to Know" opens each chapter. Chapters are arranged so that the student is first introduced to the scientific method(s), examples of the use of the scientific method from other sciences drawn from the history of science with an emphasis on climate science. Climate science is treated in each chapter based on the premise of global warming. Chapter treatments on the atmosphere. biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and anthroposphere and their inter-relationships are given.

Confronting Climate Change

Irving M. Mintzer
Confronting Climate Change Book PDF

Author : Irving M. Mintzer
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 406 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 1992-06-11
Category : Nature
ISBN : 0521421098

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Confronting Climate Change by Irving M. Mintzer Pdf

Confronting Climate Change is a guide to the risks, dilemmas, and opportunities of the emerging political era, in which the impacts of a global warming could affect all regional, public and even individual decisions. Written by a renowned group of scientists, political analysts and economists, all with direct experience in climate change related deliberations, Confronting Climate Change is a survey of the best available answers to three vital questions: What do we know so far about the foreseeable dangers of climate change? How reliable is our knowledge? What are the most rewarding ways to respond? The book begins by exploring the key linkages and feedbacks that connect the risks of rapid climate change to other important environmental, economic and political problems of our time. Recognizing persistent uncertainties in the scientific understanding of climate change, the book draws attention to those areas of research which may reveal surprises which could change the sense of political urgency surrounding the climate problem - as did the discovery of the Antarctic ozone hole. It explores the geological record of climate change over the Earth's history, seeking a better understanding of how the climate has changed rapidly in countries while minimizing the long-term environmental damages which otherwise will result from continuing the current patterns of energy supply and use. The book is written to cross discipline boundaries, so that policy makers, economists, scientists, risk assessors, environmentalists and development advocates may understand each other's concerns. It shows how the international debate on managing the risks of rapid climate change may be re-shaped for the benfit of people in every nation on the planet.

Climate Intervention

National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Geoengineering Climate: Technical Evaluation and Discussion of Impacts
Climate Intervention Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Geoengineering Climate: Technical Evaluation and Discussion of Impacts
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 154 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2015-06-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309305327

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Climate Intervention by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Geoengineering Climate: Technical Evaluation and Discussion of Impacts Pdf

The signals are everywhere that our planet is experiencing significant climate change. It is clear that we need to reduce the emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases from our atmosphere if we want to avoid greatly increased risk of damage from climate change. Aggressively pursuing a program of emissions abatement or mitigation will show results over a timescale of many decades. How do we actively remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to make a bigger difference more quickly? As one of a two-book report, this volume of Climate Intervention discusses CDR, the carbon dioxide removal of greenhouse gas emissions from the atmosphere and sequestration of it in perpetuity. Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration introduces possible CDR approaches and then discusses them in depth. Land management practices, such as low-till agriculture, reforestation and afforestation, ocean iron fertilization, and land-and-ocean-based accelerated weathering, could amplify the rates of processes that are already occurring as part of the natural carbon cycle. Other CDR approaches, such as bioenergy with carbon capture and sequestration, direct air capture and sequestration, and traditional carbon capture and sequestration, seek to capture CO2 from the atmosphere and dispose of it by pumping it underground at high pressure. This book looks at the pros and cons of these options and estimates possible rates of removal and total amounts that might be removed via these methods. With whatever portfolio of technologies the transition is achieved, eliminating the carbon dioxide emissions from the global energy and transportation systems will pose an enormous technical, economic, and social challenge that will likely take decades of concerted effort to achieve. Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration will help to better understand the potential cost and performance of CDR strategies to inform debate and decision making as we work to stabilize and reduce atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide.