Rationality And Cognition

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Cognition, Rationality, and Institutions

Manfred E. Streit,Uwe Mummert,Daniel Kiwit
Cognition Rationality and Institutions Book PDF

Author : Manfred E. Streit,Uwe Mummert,Daniel Kiwit
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 262 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783642597831

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Cognition, Rationality, and Institutions by Manfred E. Streit,Uwe Mummert,Daniel Kiwit Pdf

Institutions are rules that are supported by various enforcement mechanisms. Cognition refers to the process of how men perceive and process information, whereas rationality refers to how these processes are modelled. Within institutional economics there is a growing scepticism towards extending the conventional economic frame of analysis to institutions. In particular, the notion of perfect rationality is increasingly questioned. At the same time human cognition has become a major field of research in psychology. This book explores what institutional economics can learn from cognitive psychology regarding the proper modelling of rationality in order to explain institutional change.

Evolution, Rationality and Cognition

Antonio Zilhao
Evolution Rationality and Cognition Book PDF

Author : Antonio Zilhao
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 309 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2006-01-16
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781134230617

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Evolution, Rationality and Cognition by Antonio Zilhao Pdf

Evolutionary thinking has expanded in the last decades, spreading from its traditional stronghold – the explanation of speciation and adaptation in biology - to new domains. Fascinating pieces of work, the essays in this collection attest to the illuminating power of evolutionary thinking when applied to the understanding of the human mind. The contributors to Cognition, Evolution and Rationality use an evolutionary standpoint to approach the nature of the human mind, including both cognitive and behavioural functions. Cognitive science is by its nature an interdisciplinary subject and the essays in this collection investigate the workings of the mind through a variety of disciplines including the philosophy of science, the philosophy of mind, game theory, robotics and computational neuroanatomy. Topics covered range from general methodological issues to long-standing philosophical problems such as how rational human beings actually are. With contributions from leading experts in the areas involved, this book will be of interest across a number of fields, including philosophy, evolutionary theory and cognitive science.

Rationality and the Reflective Mind

Keith Stanovich
Rationality and the Reflective Mind Book PDF

Author : Keith Stanovich
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2010-11-01
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780199712397

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Rationality and the Reflective Mind by Keith Stanovich Pdf

In Rationality and the Reflective Mind, Keith Stanovich attempts to resolve the Great Rationality Debate in cognitive science--the debate about how much irrationality to ascribe to human cognition. He shows how the insights of dual-process theory and evolutionary psychology can be combined to explain why humans are sometimes irrational even though they possess remarkably adaptive cognitive machinery. Stanovich argues that to fully characterize differences in rational thinking, we need to replace dual-process theories with tripartite models of cognition. Using a unique individual differences approach, he shows that the traditional second system (System 2) of dual-process theory must be further divided into the reflective mind and the algorithmic mind. Distinguishing them will allow us to better appreciate the significant differences in their key functions: The key function of the reflective mind is to detect the need to interrupt autonomous processing and to begin simulation activities, whereas that of the algorithmic mind is to sustain the processing of decoupled secondary representations in cognitive simulation. Stanovich then uses this algorithmic/reflective distinction to develop a taxonomy of cognitive errors made on tasks in the heuristics and biases literature. He presents the empirical data to show that the tendency to make these thinking errors is not highly related to intelligence. Using his tripartite model of cognition, Stanovich shows how, when both are properly defined, rationality is a more encompassing construct than intelligence, and that IQ tests fail to assess individual differences in rational thought. He then goes on to discuss the types of thinking processes that would be measured if rational thinking were to be assessed as IQ has been.

Elements of Reason

Arthur Lupia,Mathew D. McCubbins,Samuel L. Popkin
Elements of Reason Book PDF

Author : Arthur Lupia,Mathew D. McCubbins,Samuel L. Popkin
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 348 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2000-10-09
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0521653320

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Elements of Reason by Arthur Lupia,Mathew D. McCubbins,Samuel L. Popkin Pdf

Advances in the social sciences are used to uncover cognitive foundations of social decision making.

Adolescent Rationality and Development

David Moshman
Adolescent Rationality and Development Book PDF

Author : David Moshman
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 286 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2011-03-01
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781136854194

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Adolescent Rationality and Development by David Moshman Pdf

Frequently cited in scholarly books and journals and praised by students, this book focuses on developmental changes and processes in adolescence rather than on the details and problems of daily life. Major developmental changes associated with adolescence are identified. Noted for its exceptionally strong coverage of cognitive, moral, and social development, this brief, inexpensive book can be used independently or as a supplement to other texts on adolescence. Highlights of the new edition include: expanded coverage of thinking and reasoning. a new chapter on metacognition and epistemic cognition. expanded coverage of controversies concerning the foundations of morality. a new chapter on moral principles and perspective taking. a new chapter on the relation of personal and social identity. a new chapter addressing current controversies concerning the rationality, maturity, and brains of adolescents. more detail on key studies and methodologies and boldfaced key terms and a glossary to highlight and clarify key concepts. Rather than try to cover everything about adolescence at an elementary level, this book presents and builds on the core issues in the scholarly literature, thus encouraging deeper levels of understanding. The book opens with an introduction to the concepts of adolescence, rationality, and development and then explores the three foundational literatures of adolescent development - cognitive development, moral development, and identity formation. The book concludes with a more general account of rationality and development in adolescence and beyond. Appropriate for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses on adolescence or adolescent development offered by departments of psychology, educational psychology, or human development, this brief text is also an ideal supplement for courses on social and/or moral development, cognitive development, or lifespan development. The book is also appreciated by scholars interested in connections across standard topics and research programs. Prior knowledge of psychology is not assumed.

Rationality and Cognition

Nenad Miscevic
Rationality and Cognition Book PDF

Author : Nenad Miscevic
Publisher : University of Toronto Press
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2000-12-15
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781442658936

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Rationality and Cognition by Nenad Miscevic Pdf

Cognitive science has posed some radical challenges to philosophy in recent years, particularly in the study of the cognitive activities and capacities of individuals. Many philosophers have taken up the challenge, and one result has been the emergence of a radical new wave of relativism, one that assaults the credibility of rationalist views. In this book Nenad Mis̆c̆ević defends naturalistic rationalism against these recent relativist attacks. The book begins with an excellent introduction to cognitive science, and goes on to create a searching defence of human rationality and of a traditional role for truth in epistemology. Mis̆c̆ević presents a critical scrutiny of the relativism championed by Stephen Stich and Paul Churchland and their followers, showing that it not only exaggerates the subversive impact of science, but relies on its links with naturalism for much of its crediblity. His careful dissection of relativist arguments establishes the main outlines of a positive rationalistic picture that is both original and convincing.

Cognition and Rationality in Negotiation

Margaret Ann Neale,Max H. Bazerman
Cognition and Rationality in Negotiation Book PDF

Author : Margaret Ann Neale,Max H. Bazerman
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 232 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 1991
Category : Education
ISBN : STANFORD:36105035326011

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Cognition and Rationality in Negotiation by Margaret Ann Neale,Max H. Bazerman Pdf

Scholars of dispute resolution and organizations at Northwestern University draw on their ten years of research to extend earlier studies of the role of cognition in negotiation. They emphasize the importance of concentrating on the opponents' judgement of their options and strategies. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Adaptive Thinking

Gerd Gigerenzer
Adaptive Thinking Book PDF

Author : Gerd Gigerenzer
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 370 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2002-03-07
Category : Computers
ISBN : 0195153723

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Adaptive Thinking by Gerd Gigerenzer Pdf

Where do new ideas come from? What is social intelligence? Why do social scientists perform mindless statistical rituals? This vital book is about rethinking rationality as adaptive thinking: to understand how minds cope with their environments, both ecological and social.Gerd Gigerenzer proposes and illustrates a bold new research program that investigates the psychology of rationality, introducing the concepts of ecological, bounded, and social rationality. His path-breaking collection takes research on thinking, social intelligence, creativity, and decision-making out of an ethereal world where the laws of logic and probability reign, and places it into our real world of human behavior and interaction. Adaptive Thinking is accessibly written for general readers with an interest in psychology, cognitive science, economics, sociology, philosophy, artificial intelligence, and animal behavior. It also teaches a practical audience, such as physicians, AIDS counselors, and experts in criminal law, how to understand and communicate uncertainties and risks.

Cognition, Agency and Rationality

K. Korta,E. Sosa,X. Arrazola
Cognition Agency and Rationality Book PDF

Author : K. Korta,E. Sosa,X. Arrazola
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 289 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2013-03-09
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789401710701

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Cognition, Agency and Rationality by K. Korta,E. Sosa,X. Arrazola Pdf

As usual, the Proceedings of the International Colloquium on Cognitive Science include leading-edge work by outstanding researchers in the field. This volume contains three kinds of papers corresponding to three of the main disciplines in cognitive science: philosophy, psychology, and artificial intelligence. The title - Cognition, Agency and Rationality - captures the main issues addressed by the papers. Of course, all are concerned with cognition, but some are especially centred on the very concept of rationality, while others focus on (multiple) agency. The diversity of their disciplinary origins and standpoints not only reflects the main topics and the range of different positions presented at ICCS-97, as well as demonstrating the richness, fruitfulness and diversity of research in cognitive science today.

Rationality and Cognition

Nenad Miščević
Rationality and Cognition Book PDF

Author : Nenad Miščević
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 325 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Cognition
ISBN : 0802080286

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Rationality and Cognition by Nenad Miščević Pdf

Cognitive science has posed some radical challenges to philosophy in recent years, particularly in the study of the cognitive activities and capacities of individuals. One result has been the emergence of a radical new wave of relativism. In this book, Miscevic defends naturalistic rationalism against these relativist attacks.

Cognitive Unconscious and Human Rationality

Laura Macchi,Maria Bagassi,Riccardo Viale
Cognitive Unconscious and Human Rationality Book PDF

Author : Laura Macchi,Maria Bagassi,Riccardo Viale
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 403 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2016-03-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780262034081

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Cognitive Unconscious and Human Rationality by Laura Macchi,Maria Bagassi,Riccardo Viale Pdf

Examining the role of implicit, unconscious thinking on reasoning, decision making, problem solving, creativity, and its neurocognitive basis, for a genuinely psychological conception of rationality. This volume contributes to a current debate within the psychology of thought that has wide implications for our ideas about creativity, decision making, and economic behavior. The essays focus on the role of implicit, unconscious thinking in creativity and problem solving, the interaction of intuition and analytic thinking, and the relationship between communicative heuristics and thought. The analyses move beyond the conventional conception of mind informed by extra-psychological theoretical models toward a genuinely psychological conception of rationality—a rationality no longer limited to conscious, explicit thought, but able to exploit the intentional implicit level. The contributors consider a new conception of human rationality that must cope with the uncertainty of the real world; the implications of abandoning the normative model of classic logic and adopting a probabilistic approach instead; the argumentative and linguistic aspects of reasoning; and the role of implicit thought in reasoning, creativity, and its neurological base. Contributors Maria Bagassi, Linden J. Ball, Jean Baratgin, Aron K. Barbey, Tilmann Betsch, Eric Billaut, Jean-François Bonnefon, Pierre Bonnier, Shira Elqayam, Keith Frankish, Gerd Gigerenzer, Ken Gilhooly, Denis Hilton, Anna Lang, Stefanie Lindow, Laura Macchi, Hugo Mercier, Giuseppe Mosconi, Ian R. Newman, Mike Oaksford, David Over, Guy Politzer, Johannes Ritter, Steven A. Sloman, Edward J. N. Stupple, Ron Sun, Nicole H. Therriault, Valerie A. Thompson, Emmanuel Trouche-Raymond, Riccardo Viale

Vagueness and Rationality in Language Use and Cognition

Richard Dietz
Vagueness and Rationality in Language Use and Cognition Book PDF

Author : Richard Dietz
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 183 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2019-09-17
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9783030159313

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Vagueness and Rationality in Language Use and Cognition by Richard Dietz Pdf

This volume presents new conceptual and experimental studies which investigate the connection between vagueness and rationality from various systematic directions, such as philosophy, linguistics, cognitive psychology, computing science, and economics. Vagueness in language use and cognition has traditionally been interpreted in epistemic or semantic terms. The standard view of vagueness specifically suggests that considerations of agency or rationality, broadly conceived, can be left out of the equation. Most recently, new literature on vagueness has been released which suggests that the standard view is inadequate and that considerations of rationality should factor into more comprehensive models of vagueness. The methodological approaches presented here are diverse, ranging from philosophical interpretations of rational credence for vagueness to adaptations of choice theory (dynamic choice theory, revealed preference models, social choice theory), probabilistic models of pragmatic reasoning (Bayesian pragmatics), evolutionary game theory, and conceptual space models of categorisation.

Rationality In An Uncertain World

Nick Chater,Mike Oaksford
Rationality In An Uncertain World Book PDF

Author : Nick Chater,Mike Oaksford
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 386 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2004-08-02
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781135471743

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Rationality In An Uncertain World by Nick Chater,Mike Oaksford Pdf

This book brings together an influential sequence of papers that argue for a radical re-conceptualisation of the psychology of inference, and of cognitive science more generally. The papers demonstrate that the thesis that logic provides the basis of human inference is central to much cognitive science, although the commitment to this view is often implicit. They then note that almost all human inference is uncertain, whereas logic is the calculus of certain inference. This mismatch means that logic is not the appropriate model for human thought. Oaksford and Chater's argument draws on research in computer science, artificial intelligence and philosophy of science, in addition to experimental psychology. The authors propose that probability theory, the calculus of uncertain inference, provides a more appropriate model for human thought. They show how a probabilistic account can provide detailed explanations of experimental data on Wason's selection task, which many have viewed as providing a paradigmatic demonstration of human irrationality. Oaksford and Chater show that people's behaviour appears irrational only from a logical point of view, whereas it is entirely rational from a probabilistic perspective. The shift to a probabilistic framework for human inference has significant implications for the psychology of reasoning, cognitive science more generally, and forour picture of ourselves as rational agents.

The Mystery of Rationality

Gérald Bronner,Francesco Di Iorio
The Mystery of Rationality Book PDF

Author : Gérald Bronner,Francesco Di Iorio
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Belief and doubt
ISBN : 3319940279

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The Mystery of Rationality by Gérald Bronner,Francesco Di Iorio Pdf

This book contributes to the developing dialogue between cognitive science and social sciences. It focuses on a central issue in both fields, i.e. the nature and the limitations of the rationality of beliefs and action. The development of cognitive science is one of the most important and fascinating intellectual advances of recent decades, and social scientists are paying increasing attention to the findings of this new branch of science that forces us to consider many classical issues related to epistemology and philosophy of action in a new light. Analysis of the concept of rationality is a leitmotiv in the history of the social sciences and has involved endless disputes. Since it is difficult to give a precise definition of this concept, and there is a lack of agreement about its meaning, it is possible to say that there is a 'mystery of rationality'. What is it to be rational? Is rationality merely instrumental or does it also involve the endorsement of values, i.e. the choice of goals? Should we consider rationality to be a normative principle or a descriptive one? Can rationality be only Cartesian or can it also be argumentative? Is rationality a conscious skill or a partly tacit one? This book, which has been written by an outstanding collection of authors, including both philosophers and social scientists, tries to make a useful contribution to the debates on these problems and shed some light on the mystery of rationality. The target audience primarily comprises researchers and experts in the field.

Rationality and the Reflective Mind

Keith Stanovich
Rationality and the Reflective Mind Book PDF

Author : Keith Stanovich
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 341 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2011-02-03
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780195341140

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Rationality and the Reflective Mind by Keith Stanovich Pdf

"In this book, Keith Stanovich attempts to resolve the Great Rationality Debate in cognitive science-the debate about how much irrationality to ascribe to human cognition. Stanovich shows how the insights of dual-process theory and evolutionary psychology can be combined to explain why humans are sometimes irrational even though they possess cognitive machinery of remarkable adaptiveness. Using a unique individual differences approach, Stanovich shows that to fully characterize differences in rational thinking, the traditional System 2 of dual-process theory must be partitioned into the reflective mind and the algorithmic mind. He posits that we need to supersede dual-process theories with tripartite models of cognition. The key operations of the algorithmic mind and the reflective mind that support human rationality are discussed in the book. The key function of the algorithmic mind is to sustain the processing of decoupled secondary representations in cognitive simulation. The key function of the reflective mind, in contrast, is to detect the need to interrupt autonomous processing and to begin simulation activities. Stanovich uses the algorithmic/reflective distinction to develop a taxonomy of cognitive errors that are made on tasks in the heuristics and biases literature. He presents empirical data to show that the tendency to make these thinking errors is only modestly related to intelligence. Using the new tripartite model of mind, Stanovich shows how rationality is a more encompassing construct than intelligence-when both are properly defined-and that IQ tests fail to assess individual differences in rational thought. Stanovich discusses the types of thinking processes that would be measured in an assessment of rational thinking"--Provided by publisher.