Rationality Rules And Ideals

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Rationality, Rules, and Ideals

Walter Sinnott-Armstrong,Robert Audi
Rationality Rules and Ideals Book PDF

Author : Walter Sinnott-Armstrong,Robert Audi
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 342 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0742513173

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Rationality, Rules, and Ideals by Walter Sinnott-Armstrong,Robert Audi Pdf

Bernard Gert's moral theory is among the clearest and most comprehensive on the contemporary scene. It touches on elements of the dominant ethical orientations---utilitarianism, Kantianism, contractionism, and virtue ethics--without fitting neatly into any of those categories. For that reason, Gert's moral theory appeals to many ethicists dissatisfied with each of the dominant formulations. Rationality, Rules, and Ideals presents Gert's Morality, the reactions by a number of prominent scholars, and Gert's response. All told, it is a remarkably wide-ranging study of ethical theory. The work is broken down into six parts, making Rationality, Rules, and Ideals perfect for a broad-ranging course on ethical theory, following Gert's critiques of utilitariansim, Kantianism, and virtue ethics. Both students and professionals will find much material to work with in this volume. The papers contribute not only to the understanding of Gert's wide-ranging theory but to a number of important topics in ethic theory, the theory of rationality, and applied ethics.

Rationality, Rules, and Structure

Julian Nida-Rümelin,W. Spohn
Rationality Rules and Structure Book PDF

Author : Julian Nida-Rümelin,W. Spohn
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 215 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2013-04-17
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789401596169

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Rationality, Rules, and Structure by Julian Nida-Rümelin,W. Spohn Pdf

It is an obvious fact that human agency is constrained and structured by many kinds of rules: rules that are constitutive for communication, morality, persons, and society, and juridical rules. So the question is: what roles are played by social rules and the structural traits of human agency in rational decision making? What bearing does this have on the theory of practical rationality? These issues can only be discussed within an interdisciplinary setting, with researchers drawn from philosophy, decision theory and the economic and social sciences. The problem is of profound, fundamental concern to the social scientist and has attracted a great deal of intellectual effort. Contributors include distinguished researchers in their respective fields and the book thus presents state-of-the-art theory. It can also be used as a textbook in advanced philosophy, economics and social science classes.

Financial Market Bubbles and Crashes

Harold L. Vogel
Financial Market Bubbles and Crashes Book PDF

Author : Harold L. Vogel
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 619 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2021-12-17
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783030791827

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Financial Market Bubbles and Crashes by Harold L. Vogel Pdf

Economists broadly define financial asset price bubbles as episodes in which prices rise with notable rapidity and depart from historically established asset valuation multiples and relationships. Financial economists have for decades attempted to study and interpret bubbles through the prisms of rational expectations, efficient markets, equilibrium, arbitrage, and capital asset pricing models, but they have not made much if any progress toward a consistent and reliable theory that explains how and why bubbles (and crashes) evolve and are defined, measured, and compared. This book develops a new and different approach that is based on the central notion that bubbles and crashes reflect urgent short-side rationing, which means that, as such extreme conditions unfold, considerations of quantities owned or not owned begin to displace considerations of price.

Rationality Standards of Social Life

Zbigniew Drozdowicz
Rationality Standards of Social Life Book PDF

Author : Zbigniew Drozdowicz
Publisher : LIT Verlag Münster
Page : 185 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783643903761

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Rationality Standards of Social Life by Zbigniew Drozdowicz Pdf

The standards of rationality are treated in this book as certain regulators of social life. They are compared to the rudders of the great vessels constituted by social communities. The diversity exhibited by those standards do not only result from the differences of time and space of their implementation, but also from the differences in the sets of ideas put forward by the leading social thinkers accompanied by the different characteristics of their designated audiences. (Series: Development in Humanities - Vol. 7)

Brute Rationality

Joshua Gert
Brute Rationality Book PDF

Author : Joshua Gert
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 246 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2004-08-19
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781139454155

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Brute Rationality by Joshua Gert Pdf

This book presents an account of normative practical reasons and the way in which they contribute to the rationality of action. Rather than simply 'counting in favour of' actions, normative reasons play two logically distinct roles: requiring action and justifying action. The distinction between these two roles explains why some reasons do not seem relevant to the rational status of an action unless the agent cares about them, while other reasons retain all their force regardless of the agent's attitude. It also explains why the class of rationally permissible action is wide enough to contain not only all morally required action, but also much selfish and immoral action. The book will appeal to a range of readers interested in practical reason in particular, and moral theory more generally.

Rationality, Rules, And Utility

Brad Hooker
Rationality Rules And Utility Book PDF

Author : Brad Hooker
Publisher : Westview Press
Page : 282 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : UOM:39015032759584

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Rationality, Rules, And Utility by Brad Hooker Pdf

Scholars of ethics, and of human behavior more generally, will find this book consistently stimulating and rewarding.

Universally Preferable Behaviour

Stefan Molyneux
Universally Preferable Behaviour Book PDF

Author : Stefan Molyneux
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2017-10-11
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1975653742

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Universally Preferable Behaviour by Stefan Molyneux Pdf

For thousands of years, humanity has attempted to enforce ethics through supernatural and secular punishments; this rabid aggression has been both necessary and ridiculous. It has been necessary because a rational proof of secular ethics has never been achieved; it has been ridiculous because it is impossible to imagine any scientific or mathematical argument being advanced in such a hysterical and violent manner."Ethics" has been one of the great government programs of history; since kings and priests ruled mankind, only those philosophers who served their interests tended to get promoted to prominence, rather than imprisoned, poisoned or burned. Thus, over 2,500 years since its inception, the discipline of ethics remains largely subjectivist, relativist and cultural - and was not only unable to restrain, but may have played a part in promoting the horrors, wars and genocides of the 20th century, the bloodiest hundred years of history of our species.Stefan Molyneux, host of Freedomain Radio, has written "Universally Preferable Behavior: A Rational Proof of Secular Ethics," which presents radical and rational arguments for a nonreligious, non-statist, entirely secular set ethical standards which validate the nonaggression principle - thou shalt not initiate force against thy fellow human - and the fundamental logic for respecting property rights.Rigorous, analytical and challenging, "Universally Preferable Behavior" provides a solid foundation for secular ethics. This book solves the ancient philosopher Petrarch's dichotomy, which is that it is better to will the good than know the truth. Armed with the arguments in "Universally Preferable Behavior," you can both know the truth and will the good.

Rational Rules

Shaun Nichols
Rational Rules Book PDF

Author : Shaun Nichols
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2021-02-11
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780192640192

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Rational Rules by Shaun Nichols Pdf

Moral systems, like normative systems more broadly, involve complex mental representations. Rational Rules proposes that moral learning can be understood in terms of general-purpose rational learning procedures. Nichols argues that statistical learning can help answer a wide range of questions about moral thought: Why do people think that rules apply to actions rather than consequences? Why do people expect new rules to be focused on actions rather than consequences? How do people come to believe a principle of liberty, according to which whatever is not expressly prohibited is permitted? How do people decide that some normative claims hold universally while others hold only relative to some group? The resulting account has both empiricist and rationalist features: since the learning procedures are domain-general, the result is an empiricist theory of a key part of moral development, and since the learning procedures are forms of rational inference, the account entails that crucial parts of our moral system enjoy rational credentials. Moral rules can also be rational in the sense that they can be effective for achieving our ends, given our ecological settings. Rational Rules argues that at least some central components of our moral systems are indeed ecologically rational: they are good at helping us attain common goals. Nichols argues that the account might be extended to capture moral motivation as a special case of a much more general phenomenon of normative motivation. On this view, a basic form of rule representation brings motivation along automatically, and so part of the explanation for why we follow moral rules is that we are built to follow rules quite generally.

Morality

Bernard Gert
Morality Book PDF

Author : Bernard Gert
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 1988
Category : History
ISBN : UCAL:B4244673

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Morality by Bernard Gert Pdf

This volume is a revised, enlarged, and broadened version of Gert's classic 1970 book, The Moral Rules. Advocating an approach he terms "morality as impartial rationality," Gert here presents a full discussion of his moral theory, adding a wealth of new illuminating detail to his analysis of the concepts--rationality/irrationality, good/evil, and impartiality--by which he defines morality. He constructs a "moral system" that includes rules prohibiting the kinds of actions that cause evil, procedures for determining when violation of the rules is permitted, and ideals which encourage actions that prevent or relieve suffering. To be valid, Gert argues, any such system must be "a public system that applies to all rational persons." The book concludes with a discussion of medical ethics, demonstrating the link between moral theory and its application to real moral problems.

Freedom and Rationality

F. D'Agostino,Ian Jarvie
Freedom and Rationality Book PDF

Author : F. D'Agostino,Ian Jarvie
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 268 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 1989-08-31
Category : Gardening
ISBN : 0792302648

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Freedom and Rationality by F. D'Agostino,Ian Jarvie Pdf

x philosophy when he inaugurated a debate about the principle of methodologi cal individualism, a debate which continues to this day, and which has inspired a literature as great as any in contemporary philosophy. Few collections of material in the general area of philosophy of social science would be considered complete unless they contained at least one of Watkins's many contributions to the discussion of this issue. In 1957 Watkins published the flrst of a series of three papers (1957b, 1958d and 196Oa) in which he tried to codify and rehabilitate metaphysics within the Popperian philosophy, placing it somewhere between the analytic and the empirical. He thus signalled the emergence of an important implica tion of Popper's thought that had not to that point been stressed by Sir Karl himself, and which marked off his followers from the antimetaphysical ideas of the regnant logical positivists. In 1965 years of work in political philosophy and in the history of philosophy in the seventeenth century were brought to fruition in Watkins's widely cited and admired Hobbes's System of Ideas (1965a, second edition 1973d). This book is an important contribution not just to our understanding of Hobbes's political thinking, but, perhaps more importantly, to our understanding of the way in which a system of ideas is constituted and applied. Watkins built on earlier work in developing an account of Hobbes's ideas in which was revealed and clarifled the unity of Hobbes's metaphysical, epistemological and political ideas.

Rationality and the Good

Mark Timmons,John Greco,Alfred R. Mele
Rationality and the Good Book PDF

Author : Mark Timmons,John Greco,Alfred R. Mele
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 284 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780195311952

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Rationality and the Good by Mark Timmons,John Greco,Alfred R. Mele Pdf

The contributors to this volume were invited to present their papers at a symposium on the philosophy of Robert Audi held at the University of Notre Dame in April 2005.

The Ideal of a Rational Morality

Marcus George Singer
The Ideal of a Rational Morality Book PDF

Author : Marcus George Singer
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 362 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0198250215

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The Ideal of a Rational Morality by Marcus George Singer Pdf

This is a collection of essays by moral philosopher Marcus George Singer in which the guiding theme is the concept of a morality based in reason, which is presupposed in ordinary moral contexts and provides an ideal for improving ordinary morality and correcting moral judgements.

Themes from G. E. Moore

Susana Nuccetelli,Gary Seay
Themes from G E Moore Book PDF

Author : Susana Nuccetelli,Gary Seay
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 359 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2007-11-22
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199281725

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Themes from G. E. Moore by Susana Nuccetelli,Gary Seay Pdf

These sixteen original essays, whose authors include some of the world's leading philosophers, examine themes from the work of the Cambridge philosopher G. E. Moore (1873-1958), and demonstrate his considerable continuing influence on philosophical debate. Part I bears on epistemological topics, such as scepticism about the external world, the significance of common sense, and theories of perception. Part II is devoted to themes in ethics, such as Moore's open question argument, his non-naturalism, utilitarianism, and his notion of organic unities.

The Ideal of Rationality

Stephen Nathanson
The Ideal of Rationality Book PDF

Author : Stephen Nathanson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : UOM:39015031821153

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The Ideal of Rationality by Stephen Nathanson Pdf

The Ideal of Rationality presents an evaluation of all the main varieties of rationalism, in clear and jargon-free language. Different notions of rationality - such as means-end, conception, hedonism, and the evil-avoidance view - are examined and rejected, in favor of the theory that to act rationally is to 'act for the best', a theory Nathanson characterizes as "critical pluralism." Among present-day thinkers whose ideas are scrutinized are Richard Brandt, Bernard Gert, Gilbert Harman, John Kekes, Robert Nozick, Karl Popper, and John Rawls.

The Value of Rationality

Ralph Wedgwood
The Value of Rationality Book PDF

Author : Ralph Wedgwood
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 278 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780198802693

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The Value of Rationality by Ralph Wedgwood Pdf

Ralph Wedgwood gives a general account of what it is for states of mind and processes of thought to count as rational. Whether you are thinking rationally depends purely on what is going on in your mind, but rational thinking is a means to the goal of getting things right in your thinking, by believing the truth or making good choices.