Rationality Rules And Utility

Author : Julian Nida-Rümelin,W. Spohn
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 215 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2013-04-17
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789401596169

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Rationality, Rules, and Structure by Julian Nida-Rümelin,W. Spohn Pdf

It is an obvious fact that human agency is constrained and structured by many kinds of rules: rules that are constitutive for communication, morality, persons, and society, and juridical rules. So the question is: what roles are played by social rules and the structural traits of human agency in rational decision making? What bearing does this have on the theory of practical rationality? These issues can only be discussed within an interdisciplinary setting, with researchers drawn from philosophy, decision theory and the economic and social sciences. The problem is of profound, fundamental concern to the social scientist and has attracted a great deal of intellectual effort. Contributors include distinguished researchers in their respective fields and the book thus presents state-of-the-art theory. It can also be used as a textbook in advanced philosophy, economics and social science classes.

Author : Brad Hooker
Publisher : Westview Press
Page : 282 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : UOM:39015032759584

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Rationality, Rules, And Utility by Brad Hooker Pdf

Scholars of ethics, and of human behavior more generally, will find this book consistently stimulating and rewarding.

Author : Walter Sinnott-Armstrong,Robert Audi
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 342 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0742513173

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Rationality, Rules, and Ideals by Walter Sinnott-Armstrong,Robert Audi Pdf

Bernard Gert's moral theory is among the clearest and most comprehensive on the contemporary scene. It touches on elements of the dominant ethical orientations---utilitarianism, Kantianism, contractionism, and virtue ethics--without fitting neatly into any of those categories. For that reason, Gert's moral theory appeals to many ethicists dissatisfied with each of the dominant formulations. Rationality, Rules, and Ideals presents Gert's Morality, the reactions by a number of prominent scholars, and Gert's response. All told, it is a remarkably wide-ranging study of ethical theory. The work is broken down into six parts, making Rationality, Rules, and Ideals perfect for a broad-ranging course on ethical theory, following Gert's critiques of utilitariansim, Kantianism, and virtue ethics. Both students and professionals will find much material to work with in this volume. The papers contribute not only to the understanding of Gert's wide-ranging theory but to a number of important topics in ethic theory, the theory of rationality, and applied ethics.

Author : Julian Nida-Rumelin,W. Spohn
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 228 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2014-01-15
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9401596174

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Rationality, Rules, and Structure by Julian Nida-Rumelin,W. Spohn Pdf

Author : Paul Weirich
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2001-08-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781139430418

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Decision Space by Paul Weirich Pdf

In Decision Space: Multidimensional Utility Analysis, first published in 2001, Paul Weirich increases the power and versatility of utility analysis and in the process advances decision theory. Combining traditional and novel methods of option evaluation into one systematic method of analysis, multidimensional utility analysis is a valuable tool. It provides formulations of important decision principles, such as the principle to maximize expected utility; enriches decision theory in solving recalcitrant decision problems; and provides in particular for the cases in which an expert must make a decision for a group of people. The multiple dimensions of this analysis create a decision space broad enough to accommodate all factors affecting an option's utility. The book will be of interest to advanced students and professionals working in the subject of decision theory, as well as to economists and other social scientists.

Author : Jonathan Baron
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2005-07-07
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0521017238

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Rationality and Intelligence by Jonathan Baron Pdf

Rationality and Intelligence develops and justifies a prescriptive theory of rational thinking in terms of utility theory and the theory of rational life plans. The prescriptive theory, buttressed by other assumptions, suggests that people generally think too little and in a way that is insufficiently critical of the initial possibilities that occur to them.

Author : Schefczyk, Michael,Schmidt-Petri, Christoph
Publisher : KIT Scientific Publishing
Page : 382 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2021-09-27
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783731511083

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Utility, Progress, and Technology: Proceedings of the 15th Conference of the International Society for Utilitarian Studies by Schefczyk, Michael,Schmidt-Petri, Christoph Pdf

This volume collects selected papers delivered at the 15th Conference of the International Society for Utilitarian Studies, which was held at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology in July 2018. It includes papers dealing with the past, present, and future of utilitarianism – the theory that human happiness is the fundamental moral value – as well as on its applications to animal ethics, population ethics, and the future of humanity, among other topics.

Author : David Boucher,Paul Kelly
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2005-06-22
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781134749522

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Perspectives on Social Justice by David Boucher,Paul Kelly Pdf

This volume brings together leading theorists to discuss the latest thinking on social justice - a central concern of contemporary politics and political philosophy. Contributors such as Carole Pateman, Raymond Plant and Chris Brown explore: * the origins of the concept * the contributions of thinkers such as Hume, Kant and Mill * issues such as international justice, economic justice, justice and the environment and special rights. By bringing together the latest applications of theories of justice with a discussion of origins, Perspectives on Social Justice provides a helpful overview for students and specialists alike.

Author : David Boucher,Paul Joseph Kelly
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Equality
ISBN : 0415149983

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Social Justice by David Boucher,Paul Joseph Kelly Pdf

A significant addition to debates on social justice, this study explores key issues such as democracy, freedom, special rights and John Stuart Mill's liberal Utilitarianism, bringing these concerns to the fore of the political agenda.

Author : Shuyang Liu
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 223 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2024-01-09
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789819973637

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The Contemporary Evolution and Reform of Utilitarianism by Shuyang Liu Pdf

This book is a monograph on contemporary utilitarianism, focusing on its evolving path and logic. It describes the evolution of utilitarianism from the classical model to the contemporary model and then summarizes the characteristics of contemporary utilitarianism, revealing its advantages and disadvantages. This book points out that the best characteristic of contemporary utilitarianism is to give up traditional view of individualism and take balanced attitude to the relationship between individual and community. The change makes the goal of contemporary utilitarianism from the pursuit of maximizing the sum of individual utilities to optimal social utility. Therefore, the contemporary utilitarianism gradually evolves a public philosophy with multiple interests structure, which provides a new way to solve the contradiction between personal interest and public interest. Utilitarianism is still an important political philosophy in western society, but its existing defects actually make it difficult to have a transformative impact on western institutional structure and system. The target audience of this book are students and researchers majoring in politics and ethics.

Author : Paul Weirich
Publisher : OUP USA
Page : 283 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780195388381

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Collective Rationality by Paul Weirich Pdf

Groups of people perform acts that are subject to standards of rationality. The book's theory of collective rationality explains how to evaluate collective acts. The people engaged in a game of strategy collectively produce an outcome, and the theory reveals what makes some outcomes solutions. It generates new equilibrium standards for solutions to cooperative games.

Author : S.I. Benn,G.W. Mortimore
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 427 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2014-08-21
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781317651277

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Rationality and the Social Sciences (RLE Social Theory) by S.I. Benn,G.W. Mortimore Pdf

The concepts of rationality that are used by social scientists in the formation of hypotheses, models and explanations are explored in this collection of original papers by a number of distinguished philosophers and social scientists. The aim of the book is to display the variety of the concepts used, to show the different roles they play in theories of very different kinds over a wide range of disciplines, including economics, sociology, psychology, political science and anthropology, and to assess the explanatory and predictive power that a theory can draw from such concepts.

Author : Tim Mulgan
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 396 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2006-01-05
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191536038

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Future People by Tim Mulgan Pdf

What do we owe to our descendants? How do we balance their needs against our own? Tim Mulgan develops a new theory of our obligations to future generations, based on a new rule-consequentialist account of the morality of individual reproduction. He argues that the resulting theory accounts for a wide range of independently plausible intuitions - covering individual morality, intergenerational justice, and international justice. In particular, the moderate consequentialist approach is superior to its two main rivals in this area - person-affecting theories and traditional consequentialism. The former fall foul of Parfit's Non-Identity Problem, while the latter are invariably implausibly demanding. Mulgan also claims that most puzzles in contemporary value theory (such as Parfit's Repugnant Conclusion) are actually puzzles in the theory of right action, and can only be solved if we abandon strict consequentialism for a more moderate alternative. The heart of the book is the first systematic exploration of the rule-consequentialist account of the morality of individual reproduction. Mulgan demostrates that this account is superior to all available alternatives, both consequentialist and non-consequentialist. Once we recognise the intergenerational dimension, moral and political philosophy cannot be considered in isolation. The latter must be founded on the former. Rule consequentialism provides the best foundation for a theory of intergenerational justice. Future People brings together several different contemporary philosophical discussions: obligations to future generations, the morality of individual reproduction, the demands of morality, and international justice. While the focus is on developing a new account, there are also substantial discussions of alternative views, especially contract-based accounts of intergenerational justice and competing forms of consequentialism.

Author : Bertrand Munier,Mark J. Machina
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 443 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2013-03-14
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789401722988

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Models and Experiments in Risk and Rationality by Bertrand Munier,Mark J. Machina Pdf

Models and Experiments in Risk and Rationality presents original contributions to the areas of individual choice, experimental economics, operations and analysis, multiple criteria decision making, market uncertainty, game theory and social choice. The papers, which were presented at the FUR VI conference, are arranged to appear in order of increasing complexity of the decision environment or social context in which they situate themselves. The first section `Psychological Aspects of Risk-Bearing', considers choice at the purely individual level and for the most part, free of any specific economic or social context. The second section examines individual choice within the classical expected utility approach while the third section works from a perspective that includes non-expected utility preferences over lotteries. Section four, `Multiple Criteria Decision-Making Under Uncertainty', considers the more specialized but crucial context of uncertain choice involving tradeoffs between competing criteria -- a field which is becoming of increasing importance in applied decision analysis. The final two sections examine uncertain choice in social or group contexts.

Author : Julian Nida-Rümelin
Publisher : Springer
Page : 134 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2019-05-24
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783319955070

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Structural Rationality and Other Essays on Practical Reason by Julian Nida-Rümelin Pdf

In this book, the author shows that it is necessary to enrich the conceptual frame of the theory of rational choice beyond consequentialism. He argues that consequentialism as a general theory of rational action fails and that this does not force us into the dichotomy teleology vs deontology. The unity of practical reason can be saved without consequentialism. In the process, he presents insightful criticism of standard models of action and rational choice. This will help readers discover a new perspective on the theory of rationality. The approach is radical: It transcends the reductive narrowness of instrumental rationality without denying its practical impact. Actions do exist that are outlined in accordance to utility maximizing or even self-interest maximizing. Yet, not all actions are to be understood in these terms. Actions oriented around social roles, for example, cannot count as irrational only because there is no known underlying maximizing heuristic. The concept of bounded rationality tries to embed instrumental rationality into a form of life to highlight limits of our cognitive capabilities and selective perceptions. However, the agent is still left within the realm of cost-benefit-reasoning. The idea of social preferences or meta-preferences cannot encompass the plurality of human actions. According to the author they ignore the plurality of reasons that drive agency. Hence, they coerce agency in fitting into a theory that undermines humanity. His theory of structural rationality acknowledges lifeworld patterns of interaction and meaning.