Rationality Within Modern Psychological Theory

Author : James A. Harold
Publisher : Lexington Books
Page : 207 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2016-06-15
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781498519717

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Rationality within Modern Psychological Theory by James A. Harold Pdf

Rationality within Modern Psychological Theory examines the rational and irrational dimensions of human nature and of the psyche and logos. Harold combines the traditionally divided views of classical philosophy’s affirmation of the existence of intellect and modern psychology’s emphasis on immanent psychological factors over rational, transcendent relations. By accepting the power of being in an adequate relation to reality, while still admitting the manifold ways that people evade truth and reality, psychologists will be able to emphasize the power of an individual to establish a truthful relation with reality. This book is recommended for scholars of psychology and philosophy.

Author : Joachim I. Krueger
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 400 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2008-04-09
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781135703875

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Rationality and Social Responsibility by Joachim I. Krueger Pdf

The breadth of topics reflects Dawes's wide-ranging impact on psychological theory and empirical practice. The two themes of rationality and social responsibility feature heavily. The book serves as an overview of psychological science development in its struggle to reconcile what is true with what is good.

Author : Jonathon St. B.T. Evans,David E. Over
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 196 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2013-09-13
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781135472306

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Rationality and Reasoning by Jonathon St. B.T. Evans,David E. Over Pdf

This book addresses an apparent paradox in the psychology of thinking. On the one hand, human beings are a highly successful species. On the other, intelligent adults are known to exhibit numerous errors and biases in laboratory studies of reasoning and decision making. There has been much debate among both philosophers and psychologists about the implications of such studies for human rationality. The authors argue that this debate is marked by a confusion between two distinct notions: (a) personal rationality (rationality1 Evans and Over argue that people have a high degree of rationality1 but only a limited capacity for rationality2. The book re-interprets the psychological literature on reasoning and decision making, showing that many normative errors, by abstract standards, reflect the operation of processes that would normally help to achieve ordinary goals. Topics discussed include relevance effects in reasoning and decision making, the influence of prior beliefs on thinking, and the argument that apparently non-logical reasoning can reflect efficient decision making. The authors also discuss the problem of deductive competence - whether people have it, and what mechanism can account for it. As the book progresses, increasing emphasis is given to the authors' dual process theory of thinking, in which a distinction between tacit and explicit cognitive systems is developed. It is argued that much of human capacity for rationality1 is invested in tacit cognitive processes, which reflect both innate mechanisms and biologically constrained learning. However, the authors go on to argue that human beings also possess an explicit thinking system, which underlies their unique - if limited - capacity to be rational.

Author : Henry Churchill King
Publisher : Forgotten Books
Page : 291 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2015-06-26
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 1330201795

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Rational Living by Henry Churchill King Pdf

Excerpt from Rational Living: Some Practical Inferences From Modern Psychology It is with considerable hesitancy that one undertakes to point out the practical suggestions of modern psychological investigations. Scientific workers in this field have a natural prejudice against attempts to make their science quickly useful; and this feeling is so strong on the part of many, that one almost seems to proclaim himself to such as a charlatan at once, if he attempts to draw practical inferences from this study, and to make these inferences generally available. But is it not possible that we might well heed just here Hilty's illuminating word? "Truth, wherever it may be sought, is, as a rule, so simple that it often does not look learned enough." About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Author : Keith E. Stanovich
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 313 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 1999-04-01
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781135687564

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Who Is Rational? by Keith E. Stanovich Pdf

Integrating a decade-long program of empirical research with current cognitive theory, this book demonstrates that psychological research has profound implications for current debates about what it means to be rational. The author brings new evidence to bear on these issues by demonstrating that patterns of individual differences--largely ignored in disputes about human rationality--have strong implications for explanations of the gap between normative and descriptive models of human behavior. Separate chapters show how patterns of individual differences have implications for all of the major critiques of purported demonstrations of human irrationality in the heuristics and biases literature. In these critiques, it has been posited that experimenters have observed performance errors rather than systematically irrational responses; the tasks have required computational operations that exceed human cognitive capacity; experimenters have applied the wrong normative model to the task; and participants have misinterpreted the tasks. In a comprehensive set of studies, Stanovich demonstrates that gaps between normative and descriptive models of performance on some tasks can be accounted for by positing these alternative explanations, but that not all discrepancies from normative models can be so explained. Individual differences in rational thought can in part be predicted by psychological dispositions that are interpreted as characteristic biases in people's intentional-level psychologies. Presenting the most comprehensive examination of individual differences in the heuristics and biases literature that has yet been published, experiments and theoretical insights in this volume contextualize the heuristics and biases literature exemplified in the work of various investigators.

Author : Peter James Burke
Publisher : Stanford University Press
Page : 404 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0804753474

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Contemporary Social Psychological Theories by Peter James Burke Pdf

This text presents the most important and influential social psychological theories and research programs in contemporary sociology. Original chapters by the scholars who initiated and developed these theoretical perspectives provide full descriptions of each theory, its background, development, and future. The first four chapters cover general approaches, organized around fundamental principles and issues--symbolic interaction, social exchange, distributive justice, and rational choice. The following chapters focus on specific research programs and theories, examining identity, affect, comparison processes, power and dependence, social exchange, status construction, and legitimacy. A concluding chapter provides an analysis of and commentary on the state of the theoretical programs in sociological social psychology. Contributors: Peter J. Burke, Joseph Berger, Coye Cheshire, Karen S. Cook, Pamela Emanuelson, Alexandra Gerbasi, Karen A. Hegtvedt, Michael A. Hogg, Guillermina Jasso, Edward J. Lawler, Michael W. Macy, George J. McCall, Linda D. Molm, Cecilia L. Ridgeway, Dawn T. Robinson, Lynn Smith-Lovin, Jan E. Stets, Jonathan H. Turner, Murray Webster Jr., David Willer, and Morris Zelditch, Jr.

Author : Reid Hastie,Robyn M. Dawes
Publisher : SAGE Publications
Page : 393 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2009-11-17
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781483300139

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Rational Choice in an Uncertain World by Reid Hastie,Robyn M. Dawes Pdf

"The authors are highly respected as leading figures in the field of judgment and decision making. There are many existing books on topics related to judgment and decision making, but this book makes a unique contribution to this field because of its systematic and scholarly approach, and its breadth of coverage." —Robert Goldstone, Indiana University "Reid Hastie and Robyn Dawes are two of the most eminent researchers in the field. I know these authors to be excellent writers and I have no doubt that their writing style will be suitable for my students." —William Goldstein, University of Chicago In the new edition of this award-winning text, renowned authors Reid Hastie and Robyn Dawes compare and contrast the basic principles of rationality with actual behavior in making decisions. This book explores theories and research findings from the field of judgment and decision making in a non-technical manner, using anecdotes as a teaching device. Intended as an introductory textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, the material not only is of scholarly interest but is practical as well. New to This Edition Chapter introductions, conclusions, and cross-references between chapters make the text more student friendly An abundance of examples from areas such as finance, medicine, law, and engineering anchor concepts to the real world Increased consideration of descriptive, psychological models of decision making augment the original emphasis on normative, rational, "Expected Utility Theory" models, bring the book up to date Balance among the three major approaches to judgment and decision making: cognitive psychological analyses of mental processes and heuristics, descriptive algebraic models of judgment and decision processes, and rational models of decision making

Author : Josiah Ober
Publisher : Univ of California Press
Page : 487 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2022-11-29
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780520380165

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The Greeks and the Rational by Josiah Ober Pdf

Tracing practical reason from its origins to its modern and contemporary permutations The Greek discovery of practical reason, as the skilled performance of strategic thinking in public and private affairs, was an intellectual breakthrough that remains both a feature of and a bug in our modern world. Countering arguments that rational choice-making is a contingent product of modernity, The Greeks and the Rational traces the long history of theorizing rationality back to ancient Greece. In this book, Josiah Ober explores how ancient Greek sophists, historians, and philosophers developed sophisticated and systematic ideas about practical reason. At the same time, they recognized its limits—that not every decision can be reduced to mechanistic calculations of optimal outcomes. Ober finds contemporary echoes of this tradition in the application of game theory to political science, economics, and business management. The Greeks and the Rational offers a striking revisionist history with widespread implications for the study of ancient Greek civilization, the history of thought, and human rationality itself.

Author : Yacov Rofé
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 440 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781461543336

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The Rationality of Psychological Disorders by Yacov Rofé Pdf

`Rofé's book is a unique scientific contribution to the understanding of psychopathological phenomena. He does more to unravel the mystery of the underlying causes of psychological disorders than we've seen in a long time. His book The Rationality of Psychological Disorders is a `true endeavor that presents a definite challenge to the scientific community of Psychology'. This book is a must-read for scientists, mental health professionals and others who search for the logic and rationale in the irrational and bizarre.' Elizabeth F. Loftus, University of Washington, Past President, American Psychological Society. `The notion of repression is crucial to many psychological theories, but serious questions have been raised about it. Indeed, some investigators have questioned whether repression even exists. In this book, Professor Rofé offers provocative ideas concerning repression and its role in psychopathology in general. His ideas merit attention and I can highly recommend his book for both researchers and clinicians.' David S. Holmes, Chancellor and Distinguished Professor, University of Kansas.

Author : K. I. Manktelow,D. E. Over
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 322 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0415069556

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Rationality by K. I. Manktelow,D. E. Over Pdf

Author : Keith E. Stanovich
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 212 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Education
ISBN : UOM:39015084098980

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Decision Making and Rationality in the Modern World by Keith E. Stanovich Pdf

In Decision Making and Rationality in the Modern World, Keith E. Stanovich demonstrates how work in the cognitive psychology of decision making has implications for the large and theoretically contentious debates about the nature of human rationality. Written specifically for undergraduate psychology students, the book presents a very practical approach to decision making, which is too often perceived by students as an artificial set of skills used only in academia and not in the real world. Instead, Stanovich shows how good decision-making procedures support rational behavior that enables people to act most efficiently to fulfill their goals. He explains how the concept of rationality is understood in cognitive science in terms of good decision making and judgment. Books in the Fundamentals of Cognition series serve as ideal instructional resources for advanced courses in cognitive psychology. They provide an up-to-date, well-organized survey of our current understanding of the major theories of cognitive psychology. The books are concise, which allows instructors to incorporate the latest original research and readings into their courses without overburdening their students. Focused without being too advanced--and comprehensive without being too broad--these books are the perfect resource for both students and instructors.

Author : International Society for Theoretical Psychology. Conference,Niamh Stephenson
Publisher : Captus Press
Page : 476 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 1553220552

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Theoretical Psychology by International Society for Theoretical Psychology. Conference,Niamh Stephenson Pdf

Author : Jonathan St B.T. Evans
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 331 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2013-10-30
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781134610280

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Reasoning, Rationality and Dual Processes by Jonathan St B.T. Evans Pdf

In the World Library of Psychologists series, international experts themselves present career-long collections of what they judge to be their finest pieces - extracts from books, key articles, salient research findings, and their major theoretical and practical contributions. Jonathan St B T Evans is amongst the foremost cognitive psychologists of his generation, having been influential in spearheading developments in the psychological study of reasoning from its very beginnings in the 1970s up to the present day. This volume of self-selected papers recognises Professor Evan’s major contribution to the psychological study of thinking and reasoning by bringing together his most influential and important works. Early selections in the book focus upon experimental studies of reasoning - matching bias in the Wason selection task, belief bias in syllogistic reasoning, and also seminal work on the understanding of conditional statements. The later selections include Evans’ work on more general forms of dual process and dual system theory, and his recent account of two minds in one brain. The volume also contains chapters which highlight Evans’ contribution to the topic of human rationality, and also his influence on the development of the "new paradigm" in the psychology of reasoning. The key developments in the psychology of reasoning are paralleled by those in Evans’s own intellectual history, and the book will therefore make essential reading for all researchers in the psychology of reasoning, and a wider audience of graduate and upper-level undergraduate students with an interest in reasoning and/or dual process theory.

Author : Barry Hindess
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 142 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2014-08-21
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781317652144

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Choice, Rationality and Social Theory (RLE Social Theory) by Barry Hindess Pdf

Choice, Rationality and Social Theory is a powerful rebuttal of the remarkably influential theories underlying 'rational choice analysis'. Rational choice analysis maintains that social life is principally to be explained as the outcome of rational choices on the part of individual actors. Adherents of this view include not only philosophers, political scientists and sociologists, but also prominent politicians in Western governments – notably of the United Kingdom and the United States. Rational choice analysis is said to be rigorous, capable of great technical sophistication, and able to generate powerful explanations on the basis of a few, relatively simple theoretical assumptions. Barry Hindess argues that the theory is seriously deficient, first, because there are important actors in the modern world other than human individuals, and second, because it says nothing about those processes of deliberation that play an important part in actors' decisions. The use of highly questionable assumptions about actors and their rationality has the effect of closing off important areas of intellectual inquiry and ignoring the reality of certain forms of thought and the social conditions on which they depend. These points are established through detailed examination of the concepts of the actor and of rationality – providing an overall argument that constitutes a serious challenge to any adherent of rational choice analysis.

Author : Henry Churchill King
Publisher : Forgotten Books
Page : 294 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2017-11-26
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0332001601

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Rational Living by Henry Churchill King Pdf

Excerpt from Rational Living: Some Practical Inferences From Modern Psychology Using the term modern psychology, then, to cover the trend of all later psychological investigations, and not merely those of ex perimental or physiological psychology, what are the most important inferences from modern psychology? What does it mean? About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.