Reasons Patterns And Cooperation

Author : Christopher Woodard
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 354 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2010-11-24
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781135903855

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Reasons, Patterns, and Cooperation by Christopher Woodard Pdf

This book is about fundamental questions in normative ethics. It begins with the idea that we often respond to ethical theories according to how principled or pragmatic they are. It clarifies this contrast and then uses it to shed light on old debates in ethics, such as debates about the rival merits of consequentialist and deontological views. Using the idea that principled views seem most appealing in dilemmas of acquiescence, it goes on to develop a novel theory of pattern-based reasons. These are reasons to play one’s part in some larger pattern of action because of the goodness or rightness of that pattern. Existing accounts of pattern-based reasons usually assume that such reasons can exist only in cooperative contexts. This book rejects that assumption, and claims instead that we can have pattern-based reasons even when the other agents involved in the pattern are wholly unwilling to cooperate. The result is a pluralist teleological structure for ethics, with similarities to some forms of Rule Consequentialism. Woodard claims that this structure achieves an attractive balance between the two virtues of being pragmatic and being principled.

Author : Christopher Woodard
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 164 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2010-11-24
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781135903862

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Reasons, Patterns, and Cooperation by Christopher Woodard Pdf

This book contributes to existing literature on normative ethics with three major discussions: the contrast between pragmatic and principled ethical views, discussion of diverse literature, and the idea that pattern-based reasons can be used to understand the pro-pragmatic and the pro-principled intuitions.

Author : Robert Axelrod
Publisher : Basic Books
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2009-04-29
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780786734887

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The Evolution of Cooperation by Robert Axelrod Pdf

A famed political scientist's classic argument for a more cooperative world We assume that, in a world ruled by natural selection, selfishness pays. So why cooperate? In The Evolution of Cooperation, political scientist Robert Axelrod seeks to answer this question. In 1980, he organized the famed Computer Prisoners Dilemma Tournament, which sought to find the optimal strategy for survival in a particular game. Over and over, the simplest strategy, a cooperative program called Tit for Tat, shut out the competition. In other words, cooperation, not unfettered competition, turns out to be our best chance for survival. A vital book for leaders and decision makers, The Evolution of Cooperation reveals how cooperative principles help us think better about everything from military strategy, to political elections, to family dynamics.

Author : Magdalena Dembińska,Frederic Mérand
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 114 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2021-08-26
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781000437539

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Cooperation and Conflict between Europe and Russia by Magdalena Dembińska,Frederic Mérand Pdf

When thinking about relations between Europe and Russia, International Relations scholars focus on why conflict has replaced cooperation. The "geostrategic debate" excludes the possible coexistence of cooperation and conflict. Tracking the evolution of conflict and cooperation patterns in three zones of contact (Estonia, Kaliningrad, and Moldova) between 1991 and 2016, this edited volume argues that, although the standard narrative remains compelling, local patterns of cooperation and conflict are partly autonomous from the geostrategic level. To account for the coexistence of cooperation and conflict, the first chapter elaborates a theoretical proposition distinguishing fluid, rigid, and disputed symbolic boundaries, which have different impacts on the ground. The subsequent chapters address distinct dimensions of Euro-Russian relations, paying attention to local reality in Estonia, Moldova, Ukraine, or Kaliningrad, different sectors from energy to peoples’ movement, and across institutional contexts such as the EU and NATO. They confirm that the standard narrative holds in most cases, but also that Euro-Russian relations vary in crucial ways according to the interests and representations of actors immersed in specific geopolitical fields. Despite a deterioration of geostrategic relations between Europe and Russia since the end of the Soviet Union, Cooperation and Conflict between Europe and Russia explores the intriguing coexistence of conflict and cooperation at the local level and across sectors and institutions. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of the journal East European Politics.

Author : Jinping Zhao
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2021-02-12
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789811576317

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Reshaping the Economic Cooperation Pattern of the Belt and Road Initiative by Jinping Zhao Pdf

This book focuses on the important theme of economic cooperation along the Belt and Road. Starting from an analysis of current situation, the book defines the cooperation direction and specific tasks for extensive fields and goes on to provide a systematic analysis of the cooperation mechanism, trade, investment, infrastructure construction, energy and industry park cooperation along the Belt and Road. Using in-depth research on the situation, opportunities and challenges in pushing forward the economic cooperation along the Belt and Road, the author puts forward policy suggestions on the way forward.

Author : Jennifer Sterling-Folker
Publisher : State University of New York Press
Page : 321 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2012-02-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780791489420

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Theories of International Cooperation and the Primacy of Anarchy by Jennifer Sterling-Folker Pdf

Challenging the standard liberal explanations for international cooperation in the field of international relations, this book contends that despite numerous efforts and the passage of time, our understanding of the cooperative phenomenon remains woefully inadequate. Sterling-Folker argues that widespread explanatory reliance on what constitutes functionally efficient choices in global interdependence is deductively illogical and empirically unsound. The author's approach for explaining international cooperation is comprised of realist and constructivist insights and places the state, rather than the market, at the center of analysis. A thorough examination of Post-Bretton Woods American monetary policy-making reveals the fundamental flaws of traditional explanations and the superiority of a realist-constructivist alternative to the cooperative phenomenon.

Author : United States. International Cooperation Administration. Office of Public Health
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 166 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 1961
Category : International cooperation
ISBN : UCAL:B4193826

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Technical Cooperation in Health by United States. International Cooperation Administration. Office of Public Health Pdf

Author : A. Allan Schmid
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2008-04-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781405142380

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Conflict and Cooperation by A. Allan Schmid Pdf

Allan Schmid’s innovative text, Conflict and Cooperation: Institutional and Behavioral Economics,investigates "the rules of the game," how institutions--both formal and informal--affect these rules, and how these rules are changed to serve competing interests. This text addresses both formal and informal institutions and the impact of alternative institutions, as well as institutional change and evolution. With its broad applications and numerous practice and discussion questions, this book will be appealing not only to students of economics, but also to those studying sociology, law, and political science. Addresses formal and informal institutions, the impact of alternative institutions, and institutional change and evolution. Presents a framework open to changing preferences, bounded rationality, and evolution. Explains how to form empirically testable hypotheses using experiments, case studies, and econometrics. Includes numerous practice and discussion questions.

Author : Robert C. Marshall
Publisher : Rowman Altamira
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2010-11-16
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780759119833

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Cooperation in Economy and Society by Robert C. Marshall Pdf

The essays in the book analyze cases of cooperation in a wide range of ethnographic, archaeological and evolutionary settings. Cooperation is examined in situations of market exchange, local and long-distance reciprocity, hierarchical relations, common property and commons access, and cooperatives. Not all of these analyses show stable and long-term results of successful cooperation. The increasing cooperation that is so highly characteristic of our species over the long term obviously has replaced neither competition in the short term nor hierarchical structures that reduce competition in the mid term. Interactions based on strategies of cooperation, competition, and hierarchy are all found, simultaneously, in human social relations.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 64 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 1958
Category : Agriculture, Cooperative
ISBN : UIUC:30112018918984

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Research in Agricultural Cooperation Problem Areas by Anonim Pdf

Author : Vincent Buskens,Rense Corten,Chris Snijders
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 492 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2020-10-26
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783110647617

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Advances in the Sociology of Trust and Cooperation by Vincent Buskens,Rense Corten,Chris Snijders Pdf

The problem of cooperation is one of the core issues in sociology and social science more in general. The key question is how humans, groups, organizations, institutions, and countries can avoid or overcome the collective good dilemmas that could lead to a Hobbesian "war of all against all". The chapters in this book provide state of the art examples of research on this crucial topic. These include theoretical, laboratory, and field studies on trust and cooperation, thereby approaching the issue in three complementary and synergetic ways. The theoretical work covers articles on trust and control, reputation formation, and paradigmatic articles on the benefits and caveats of abstracting reality into models. The laboratory studies test the implications of different models of trust and reputation, such as the effects of social and institutional embeddedness and the potentially emerging inequalities this may cause. The field studies test these implications in applied settings such as business purchasing and supply, informal care, and different kinds of collaboration networks. This book is exemplary for rigorous social science. The focus is on effects of social conditions, in particular different forms of social and institutional embeddedness, on social outcomes at the macro level. Modelling efforts are applied to connect social conditions to social outcomes through micro-level behavior in ways that are easily overlooked when argumentation is intuitive and impressionistic. The book sets forth a mixed-method approach by applying different empirical methods to test hypotheses about similar questions. Several contributions re-evaluate the theoretical strengths and weaknesses following from the laboratory and field studies. Improving the theory in light of these findings facilitates pushing the boundaries of social science .

Author : Claudia Derichs
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 202 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2017-04-27
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781317282068

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Knowledge Production, Area Studies and Global Cooperation by Claudia Derichs Pdf

Whereas Area Studies and cross-border cooperation research conventionally demarcates groups of people by geographical boundaries, individuals might in fact feel more connected by shared values and principles than by conventional spatial dimensions. Knowledge Production, Area Studies and Global Cooperation asks what norms and principles lead to the creation of knowledge about cross-border cooperation and connection. It studies why theories, methods, and concepts originate in one place rather than another, how they travel, and what position the scholar adopts while doing research, particularly ‘in the field’. Taking case studies from Asia, the Middle East and North Africa, the book links the production of alternative epistemologies to the notion of global cooperation and reassesses the ways in which the concept of connectedness can be applied at the translocal and individual rather than the formal international and collective level. Knowledge Production, Area Studies and Global Cooperation provides an innovative and critical approach towards established means of producing knowledge about different areas of the world, demonstrating that an understanding of pluri-local connectivity should be integrated into the production of knowledge about different areas of the world and the behavioural dimension of global cooperation. By shifting the view from the collective to the individual and from the formal to often invisible patterns of connectedness, this book provides an important fresh perspective which will be of interest to scholars and students of Area Studies, Politics, International Relations and Development Studies.

Author : Steve Weber
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 342 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2014-07-14
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781400862436

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Cooperation and Discord in U.S.-Soviet Arms Control by Steve Weber Pdf

If international cooperation was difficult to achieve and to sustain during the Cold War, why then were two rival superpowers able to cooperate in placing limits on their central strategic weapons systems? Extending an empirical approach to game theory--particularly that developed by Robert Axelrod--Steve Weber argues that although nations employ many different types of strategies broadly consistent with game theory's "tit for tat," only strategies based on an ideal type of "enhanced contingent restraint" promoted cooperation in U.S.-Soviet arms control. As a theoretical analysis of the basic security behaviors of states, the book has implications that go beyond the three bilateral arms control cases Weber discusses--implications that remain important despite the end of superpower rivalry. "An important theoretical analysis of cooperation between the U.S. and the Soviet Union in the area of arms control... An excellent work on a subject that has received very little attention."--Choice Originally published in 1991. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Author : Willy Østreng
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 379 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789401147606

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National Security and International Environmental Cooperation in the Arctic — the Case of the Northern Sea Route by Willy Østreng Pdf

The basic objective of this report is to place the debate about the future of the Northern Sea Route into the larger picture of Arctic politics and the emerging agenda of the Arctic as a developing region in international society. National security and international environmental cooperation, are the objects of study employed, both separately and in various conceptual combinations, to realize this purpose. To help me in this, I was privileged to draw on the profound expertise of my highly esteemed co-authors, Professor Franklyn Griffiths at the University of Toronto and Senior Researchers at IMEMO in Moscow: Raphael Vartanov, Alexei Roginko and Alexander Kolossov. To their cooperative spirit, friendship and solid contributions to this report, ( am deeply indebted. The report is the result of multiple contributions, both in terms of substance and funding, extending far beyond the inputs of the team of authors. The professional input and thorough work 'behind the scene' done by Liv Astrid Sverdrup, Researcher at FNI at an early stage of the project, has been invaluable. Senior Consultant Kjell Moe at the Norwegian Polar Institute also provided valuable comments and improvements to the biological parts of the Introductory chapter, whilst Senior Consultant Ann Skarstad at FNI, worked wonders with the language for those of us not having English as our mother tongue. Claes Lykke Ragner, Deputy head of the (NSROP secretariat, and Dr.

Author : Peter Kappeler,Carel P. van Schaik
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 345 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2006-03-20
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783540282778

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Cooperation in Primates and Humans by Peter Kappeler,Carel P. van Schaik Pdf

This book examines the many facets of cooperative behavior in primates and humans as some of the world’s leading experts review and summarize the state-of-the-art of theoretical and empirical studies of cooperation. This book is the first to bridge the gap between parallel research in primatology and studies of humans. Comparative as this approach is, it highlights both common principles and aspects of human uniqueness with respect to cooperative behavior.