Reciprocity

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Reciprocity (Routledge Revivals)

Lawrence C. Becker
Reciprocity Routledge Revivals Book PDF

Author : Lawrence C. Becker
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 375 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2014-06-17
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781317703327

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Reciprocity (Routledge Revivals) by Lawrence C. Becker Pdf

The tendency to reciprocate – to return good for good and evil for evil – is a potent force in human life, and the concept of reciprocity is closely connected to fundamental notions of ‘justice’, ‘obligation’ or ‘duty’, ‘gratitude’ and ‘equality’. In Reciprocity, first published in 1986, Lawrence Becker presents a sustained argument about reciprocity, beginning with the strategy for developing a moral theory of the virtues. He considers the concept of reciprocity in detail, contending that it is a basic virtue that provides the basis for parental authority, obligations to future generations, and obedience to law. Throughout the first two parts of the book, Becker intersperses short pieces of his own narrative fiction to enrich reflection on the philosophical arguments. The final part is devoted to extensive bibliographical essays, ranging over anthropology, psychology, political theory and law, as well as the relevant ethics and political philosophy.

Reciprocity, Spatial Mapping and Time Reversal in Electromagnetics

C. Altman,K. Suchy
Reciprocity Spatial Mapping and Time Reversal in Electromagnetics Book PDF

Author : C. Altman,K. Suchy
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 299 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2013-03-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401579155

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Reciprocity, Spatial Mapping and Time Reversal in Electromagnetics by C. Altman,K. Suchy Pdf

The choice of topics in this book may seem somewhat arbitrary, even though we have attempted to organize them in a logical structure. The contents reflect the path of 'search and discovery' followed by us, on and off, for the in fact last twenty years. In the winter of 1970-71 one of the authors (C. A. ), on sah baticalleave with L. R. O. Storey's research team at the Groupe de Recherches Ionospheriques at Saint-Maur in France, had been finding almost exact symme tries in the computed reflection and transmission matrices for plane-stratified magnetoplasmas when symmetrically related directions of incidence were com pared. At the suggestion of the other author (K. S. , also on leave at the same institute), the complex conjugate wave fields, used to construct the eigenmode amplitudes via the mean Poynting flux densities, were replaced by the adjoint wave fields that would propagate in a medium with transposed constitutve tensors, et voila, a scattering theorem-'reciprocity in k-space'-was found in the computer output. To prove the result analytically one had to investigate the properties of the adjoint Maxwell system, and the two independent proofs that followed, in 1975 and 1979, proceeded respectively via the matrizant method and the thin-layer scattering-matrix method for solving the scattering problem, according to the personal preferences of each of the authors. The proof given in Chap. 2 of this book, based on the hindsight provided by our later results, is simpler and much more concise.

Reciprocity and Redistribution in Andean Civilizations

John V. Murra
Reciprocity and Redistribution in Andean Civilizations Book PDF

Author : John V. Murra
Publisher : Hau
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Andes Region
ISBN : 0997367555

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Reciprocity and Redistribution in Andean Civilizations by John V. Murra Pdf

John V. Murra's Lewis Henry Morgan Lectures, originally given in 1969, are the only major study of the Andean "avenue towards civilization." Collected and published for the first time here, they offer a powerful and insistent perspective on the Andean region as one of the few places in which a so-called "pristine civilization" developed. Murra sheds light not only on the way civilization was achieved here--which followed a fundamentally different process than that of Mesopotamia and Mesoamerica--he uses that study to shed new light on the general problems of achieving civilization in any world region. Murra intermixes a study of Andean ecology with an exploration of the ideal of economic self-sufficiency, stressing two foundational socioeconomic forces: reciprocity and redistribution. He shows how both enabled Andean communities to realize direct control of a maximum number of vertically ordered ecological floors and the resources they offered. He famously called this arrangement a "vertical archipelago," a revolutionary model that is still examined and debated almost fifty years after it was first presented in these lecture. Written in a crisp and elegant style and inspired by decades of ethnographic fieldwork, this set of lectures is nothing less than a lost classic, and it will be sure to inspire new generations of anthropologists and historians working in South America and beyond.

Reciprocity

Lawrence C. Becker
Reciprocity Book PDF

Author : Lawrence C. Becker
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 452 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 1990-08-15
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0226041069

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Reciprocity by Lawrence C. Becker Pdf

"Reciprocity is an exciting book—it forces its readers to rethink some important issues in recent moral philosophy."—Ruth Anna Putnam, Ethics "By reciprocity Becker understands a complex disposition to make suitable return for the benefit we receive from others, to resist the harm others inflict on us rather than retaliate for it, and to make restitution for the harm we ourselves cause. . . . This is a clearly written book which makes fresh contributions to a number of topics."—A. D. M. Walker, Philosophical Books

Reciprocity Laws

Franz Lemmermeyer
Reciprocity Laws Book PDF

Author : Franz Lemmermeyer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 503 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2013-03-14
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9783662128930

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Reciprocity Laws by Franz Lemmermeyer Pdf

This book covers the development of reciprocity laws, starting from conjectures of Euler and discussing the contributions of Legendre, Gauss, Dirichlet, Jacobi, and Eisenstein. Readers knowledgeable in basic algebraic number theory and Galois theory will find detailed discussions of the reciprocity laws for quadratic, cubic, quartic, sextic and octic residues, rational reciprocity laws, and Eisensteins reciprocity law. An extensive bibliography will be of interest to readers interested in the history of reciprocity laws or in the current research in this area.

Reciprocity in Elastodynamics

J. D. Achenbach
Reciprocity in Elastodynamics Book PDF

Author : J. D. Achenbach
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 052181734X

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Reciprocity in Elastodynamics by J. D. Achenbach Pdf

Important monograph by international authority who presents new methods/applications of a classical technique in elasticity.

The Reciprocity Advantage

Bob Johansen,Karl Ronn
The Reciprocity Advantage Book PDF

Author : Bob Johansen,Karl Ronn
Publisher : Berrett-Koehler Publishers
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2014-09-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781626561083

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The Reciprocity Advantage by Bob Johansen,Karl Ronn Pdf

A powerful new kind of competitive advantage is now possible thanks to technological and social disruptions that are already occurring. These disruptions revolutionize how companies can partner to create new growth. The Reciprocity Advantage shares a model for creating that growth: define your right-of-way (the underutilized resources you already own that you can share with others), partner to do what you can’t do alone, experiment to learn, and scale the new business at low risk. Reciprocity and advantage are words that are not normally seen together, but reciprocity—giving now to get later—will become a normal part of winning in the future. The Reciprocity Advantage shows you how to leverage new forces like digital natives and cloud-served supercomputing now into massively scalable, profitable, incremental growth for your business. Provocative and pragmatic, leading ten-year forecaster Bob Johansen and experienced business developer Karl Ronn describe how to lean in to disruptions to create new growth for your business. They include actual cases showing early successes for a range of companies and nonprofits like IBM, Microsoft, Google, Apple, and TED. They then provide key exercises to define your promising new ideas and nurture them into healthy new businesses. Their recommendations are based on practical experience in managing the problems of new business creation and many years of helping others see the future more clearly. Distilled from hands-on work, this book gets you started today on creating your own reciprocity advantage.

Handbook of the Economics of Giving, Altruism and Reciprocity

Serge-Christophe Kolm,Jean Mercier Ythier
Handbook of the Economics of Giving Altruism and Reciprocity Book PDF

Author : Serge-Christophe Kolm,Jean Mercier Ythier
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 752 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2006-07-19
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780080478265

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Handbook of the Economics of Giving, Altruism and Reciprocity by Serge-Christophe Kolm,Jean Mercier Ythier Pdf

The Handbook on the Economics of Giving, Reciprocity and Altruism provides a comprehensive set of reviews of literature on the economics of nonmarket voluntary transfers. The foundations of the field are reviewed first, with a sequence of chapters that present the hard core of the theoretical and empirical analyses of giving, reciprocity and altruism in economics, examining their relations with the viewpoints of moral philosophy, psychology, sociobiology, sociology and economic anthropology. Secondly, a comprehensive set of applications are considered of all the aspects of society where nonmarket voluntary transfers are significant: family and intergenerational transfers; charity and charitable institutions; the nonprofit economy; interpersonal relations in the workplace; the Welfare State; and international aid. *Every volume contains contributions from leading researchers *Each Handbook presents an accurate, self-contained survey of a particular topic *The series provides comprehensive and accessible surveys

The Persistence of Reciprocity in International Humanitarian Law

Bryan Peeler
The Persistence of Reciprocity in International Humanitarian Law Book PDF

Author : Bryan Peeler
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 227 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2019-10-24
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781108486699

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The Persistence of Reciprocity in International Humanitarian Law by Bryan Peeler Pdf

An evaluation of the importance of reciprocity in considering states' legal obligations in armed conflicts.

Reciprocity in International Law

Shahrad Nasrolahi Fard
Reciprocity in International Law Book PDF

Author : Shahrad Nasrolahi Fard
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 210 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2015-12-22
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781317312185

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Reciprocity in International Law by Shahrad Nasrolahi Fard Pdf

In international relations, reciprocity describes an environment in which States support one another for short- or long-term advantage through the balancing of rights, duties and interests. This book examines reciprocity in the context of international law. It considers the role reciprocity plays in the creation and development of international law as well as in the interpretation and application of international law. The book illuminates the reciprocal framework of international law and international relations by examining the role reciprocity plays in different types of States’ obligations, including bilateral, bilateralisable multilateral, non-bilateralisable multilateral and obligations erga omnes. The book examines how reciprocity is intertwined with the principle of equality, as the rights and obligations of States are equal irrespective of size and economic or military strength, and the beneficial effects of reciprocity in creating stability and cooperation amongst States.

Real Reciprocity

David Denoon
Real Reciprocity Book PDF

Author : David Denoon
Publisher : Council on Foreign Relations
Page : 132 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0876091443

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Real Reciprocity by David Denoon Pdf

In Real Reciprocity, David Denoon argues that without the Soviet threat and with the U.S. economy in decline, the United States can no longer afford to maintain the non-reciprocal arrangements it once held with the Pacific Basin.

Reciprocity

Serge-Christophe Kolm
Reciprocity Book PDF

Author : Serge-Christophe Kolm
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 338 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2008-05-22
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781139472654

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Reciprocity by Serge-Christophe Kolm Pdf

Reciprocity is the basis of social relations. It permits a peaceful and free society in which people and rights are respected. The essence of families and communities, it also enables the working of markets and organisations, while correcting their main failures. Reciprocity is also a basis of politics, and it justifies social policies. Although the importance of reciprocity has been widely recognised in other social sciences, it has, until recently, been somewhat ignored in economic analysis. Over the past three decades, economic theorist and moral philosopher Serge-Christophe Kolm has been at the forefront of research into the economics of the deepest aspects of societies. In Reciprocity, he provides a unique in-depth analysis of the motives, conducts, and effects of reciprocal relationships. In doing this, he explains crucial functionings of society and its economy, and the ways in which they can be improved. This book should be read by economists, sociologists, philosophers, and anyone concerned with understanding the economy of social relationships and its far-reaching consequences.

The Quadratic Reciprocity Law

Oswald Baumgart
The Quadratic Reciprocity Law Book PDF

Author : Oswald Baumgart
Publisher : Birkhäuser
Page : 172 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2015-05-27
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9783319162836

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The Quadratic Reciprocity Law by Oswald Baumgart Pdf

This book is the English translation of Baumgart’s thesis on the early proofs of the quadratic reciprocity law (“Über das quadratische Reciprocitätsgesetz. Eine vergleichende Darstellung der Beweise”), first published in 1885. It is divided into two parts. The first part presents a very brief history of the development of number theory up to Legendre, as well as detailed descriptions of several early proofs of the quadratic reciprocity law. The second part highlights Baumgart’s comparisons of the principles behind these proofs. A current list of all known proofs of the quadratic reciprocity law, with complete references, is provided in the appendix. This book will appeal to all readers interested in elementary number theory and the history of number theory.

Combinatorial Reciprocity Theorems: An Invitation to Enumerative Geometric Combinatorics

Matthias Beck,Raman Sanyal
Combinatorial Reciprocity Theorems An Invitation to Enumerative Geometric Combinatorics Book PDF

Author : Matthias Beck,Raman Sanyal
Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
Page : 308 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2018-12-12
Category : Combinatorial analysis
ISBN : 9781470422004

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Combinatorial Reciprocity Theorems: An Invitation to Enumerative Geometric Combinatorics by Matthias Beck,Raman Sanyal Pdf

Combinatorial reciprocity is a very interesting phenomenon, which can be described as follows: A polynomial, whose values at positive integers count combinatorial objects of some sort, may give the number of combinatorial objects of a different sort when evaluated at negative integers (and suitably normalized). Such combinatorial reciprocity theorems occur in connections with graphs, partially ordered sets, polyhedra, and more. Using the combinatorial reciprocity theorems as a leitmotif, this book unfolds central ideas and techniques in enumerative and geometric combinatorics. Written in a friendly writing style, this is an accessible graduate textbook with almost 300 exercises, numerous illustrations, and pointers to the research literature. Topics include concise introductions to partially ordered sets, polyhedral geometry, and rational generating functions, followed by highly original chapters on subdivisions, geometric realizations of partially ordered sets, and hyperplane arrangements.

Reciprocity in Population Biobanks

Ma’n H. Zawati
Reciprocity in Population Biobanks Book PDF

Author : Ma’n H. Zawati
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 204 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2021-09-22
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780323913485

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Reciprocity in Population Biobanks by Ma’n H. Zawati Pdf

Reciprocity in Population Biobanks: Relational Autonomy and the Duty to Inform in the Genomic Era begins by discussing how current judicial interpretation keeps standard of disclosure at the core of genomic research. The book then outlines multiple limitations individualistic autonomy faces in the context of gene and population biobanks, including an analysis of the complexities of benefit considerations in the research setting. Second, the book explores how individualistic autonomy fails to acknowledge the multilateral relationships implicated in genomic research, including those that affect the broader research community, research participants’ families, and the general public. In carrying out this analysis, this book pays special attention to alternative approaches and ways researchers, public health officials, and judicial bodies might interact in years to come. In other words, implementing an understanding of relational autonomy that acknowledges and sustains the multilateral relationships found in genomic research without compromising the rights of participants. In short, this book proposes a reconceived duty to inform for researchers and a new standard of disclosure that is more meaningful and impactful for research participants and researchers. Examines the limitations individualistic autonomy faces in the context of gene and population biobanks Proposes a reconceived duty to inform for researchers and a new standard of disclosure more meaningful to genomic research participants Suggests ways researchers, public health officials, and judicial bodies might interact to drive genomic research while still protecting research participants