Reducing Drug Attrition

Author : James R. Empfield,Michael P Clark
Publisher : Springer
Page : 176 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2014-11-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783662439142

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Reducing Drug Attrition by James R. Empfield,Michael P Clark Pdf

Medicinal chemistry is both science and art. The science of medicinal chemistry offers mankind one of its best hopes for improving the quality of life. The art of medicinal chemistry continues to challenge its practitioners with the need for both intuition and experience to discover new drugs. Hence sharing the experience of drug research is uniquely beneficial to the field of medicinal chemistry. Drug research requires interdisciplinary team-work at the interface between chemistry, biology and medicine. Therefore, the topic-related series Topics in Medicinal Chemistry covers all relevant aspects of drug research, e.g. pathobiochemistry of diseases, identification and validation of (emerging) drug targets, structural biology, drugability of targets, drug design approaches, chemogenomics, synthetic chemistry including combinatorial methods, bioorganic chemistry, natural compounds, high-throughput screening, pharmacological in vitro and in vivo investigations, drug-receptor interactions on the molecular level, structure-activity relationships, drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination, toxicology and pharmacogenomics. In general, special volumes are edited by well known guest editors.

Author : Alexander Alex,C. John Harris,Dennis A. Smith
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2015-10-26
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781118819449

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Attrition in the Pharmaceutical Industry by Alexander Alex,C. John Harris,Dennis A. Smith Pdf

With a focus on case studies of R&D programs in a variety of disease areas, the book highlights fundamental productivity issues the pharmaceutical industry has been facing and explores potential ways of improving research effectiveness and efficiency. • Takes a comprehensive and holistic approach to the problems and potential solutions to drug compound attrition • Tackles a problem that adds billions of dollars to drug development programs and health care costs • Guides discovery and development scientists through R&D stages, teaching requirements and reasons why drugs can fail • Discusses potential ways forward utilizing new approaches and opportunities to reduce attrition

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 107 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2014-02-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309292498

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Improving and Accelerating Therapeutic Development for Nervous System Disorders by Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders Pdf

Improving and Accelerating Therapeutic Development for Nervous System Disorders is the summary of a workshop convened by the IOM Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders to examine opportunities to accelerate early phases of drug development for nervous system drug discovery. Workshop participants discussed challenges in neuroscience research for enabling faster entry of potential treatments into first-in-human trials, explored how new and emerging tools and technologies may improve the efficiency of research, and considered mechanisms to facilitate a more effective and efficient development pipeline. There are several challenges to the current drug development pipeline for nervous system disorders. The fundamental etiology and pathophysiology of many nervous system disorders are unknown and the brain is inaccessible to study, making it difficult to develop accurate models. Patient heterogeneity is high, disease pathology can occur years to decades before becoming clinically apparent, and diagnostic and treatment biomarkers are lacking. In addition, the lack of validated targets, limitations related to the predictive validity of animal models - the extent to which the model predicts clinical efficacy - and regulatory barriers can also impede translation and drug development for nervous system disorders. Improving and Accelerating Therapeutic Development for Nervous System Disorders identifies avenues for moving directly from cellular models to human trials, minimizing the need for animal models to test efficacy, and discusses the potential benefits and risks of such an approach. This report is a timely discussion of opportunities to improve early drug development with a focus toward preclinical trials.

Author : Farid A. Badria
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 236 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2020-12-02
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781839685200

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Drug Repurposing by Farid A. Badria Pdf

Drug repurposing or drug repositioning is a new approach to presenting new indications for common commercial and clinically approved existing drugs. For example, chloroquine, an old antimalarial drug, showed promising results for treating COVID-19, interfering with MDR in several types of cancer, and chemosensitizing human leukemic cells.This book focuses on the hypothesis, risk/benefits, and economic impacts of drug repurposing on drug discovery in dermatology, infectious diseases, neurological disorders, cancer, and orphan diseases. It brings together up-to-date research to provide readers with an informative, illustrative, and easy-to-read book useful for students, clinicians, and the pharmaceutical industry.

Author : Divya Vohora,Gursharan Singh
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 526 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2017-11-14
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780128020982

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Pharmaceutical Medicine and Translational Clinical Research by Divya Vohora,Gursharan Singh Pdf

Pharmaceutical Medicine and Translational Clinical Research covers clinical testing of medicines and the translation of pharmaceutical drug research into new medicines, also focusing on the need to understand the safety profile of medicine and the benefit-risk balance. Pharmacoeconomics and the social impact of healthcare on patients and public health are also featured. It is written in a clear and straightforward manner to enable rapid review and assimilation of complex information and contains reader-friendly features. As a greater understanding of these aspects is critical for students in the areas of pharmaceutical medicine, clinical research, pharmacology and pharmacy, as well as professionals working in the pharmaceutical industry, this book is an ideal resource. Includes detailed coverage of current trends and key topics in pharmaceutical medicine, including biosimilars, biobetters, super generics, and Provides a comprehensive look at current and important aspects of the science and regulation of drug and biologics discovery

Author : Institute of Medicine,Committee on Technological Innovation in Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 241 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 1990-02-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309042864

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Modern Methods of Clinical Investigation by Institute of Medicine,Committee on Technological Innovation in Medicine Pdf

The very rapid pace of advances in biomedical research promises us a wide range of new drugs, medical devices, and clinical procedures. The extent to which these discoveries will benefit the public, however, depends in large part on the methods we choose for developing and testing them. Modern Methods of Clinical Investigation focuses on strategies for clinical evaluation and their role in uncovering the actual benefits and risks of medical innovation. Essays explore differences in our current systems for evaluating drugs, medical devices, and clinical procedures; health insurance databases as a tool for assessing treatment outcomes; the role of the medical profession, the Food and Drug Administration, and industry in stimulating the use of evaluative methods; and more. This book will be of special interest to policymakers, regulators, executives in the medical industry, clinical researchers, and physicians.

Author : National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Panel on Handling Missing Data in Clinical Trials
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 163 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2010-12-21
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309186513

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The Prevention and Treatment of Missing Data in Clinical Trials by National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Panel on Handling Missing Data in Clinical Trials Pdf

Randomized clinical trials are the primary tool for evaluating new medical interventions. Randomization provides for a fair comparison between treatment and control groups, balancing out, on average, distributions of known and unknown factors among the participants. Unfortunately, these studies often lack a substantial percentage of data. This missing data reduces the benefit provided by the randomization and introduces potential biases in the comparison of the treatment groups. Missing data can arise for a variety of reasons, including the inability or unwillingness of participants to meet appointments for evaluation. And in some studies, some or all of data collection ceases when participants discontinue study treatment. Existing guidelines for the design and conduct of clinical trials, and the analysis of the resulting data, provide only limited advice on how to handle missing data. Thus, approaches to the analysis of data with an appreciable amount of missing values tend to be ad hoc and variable. The Prevention and Treatment of Missing Data in Clinical Trials concludes that a more principled approach to design and analysis in the presence of missing data is both needed and possible. Such an approach needs to focus on two critical elements: (1) careful design and conduct to limit the amount and impact of missing data and (2) analysis that makes full use of information on all randomized participants and is based on careful attention to the assumptions about the nature of the missing data underlying estimates of treatment effects. In addition to the highest priority recommendations, the book offers more detailed recommendations on the conduct of clinical trials and techniques for analysis of trial data.

Author : National Research Council and Institute of Medicine,Institute of Medicine,Panel on Needle Exchange and Bleach Distribution Programs
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 1995-09-14
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309176217

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Preventing HIV Transmission by National Research Council and Institute of Medicine,Institute of Medicine,Panel on Needle Exchange and Bleach Distribution Programs Pdf

This volume addresses the interface of two major national problems: the epidemic of HIV-AIDS and the widespread use of illegal injection drugs. Should communities have the option of giving drug users sterile needles or bleach for cleaning needs in order to reduce the spread of HIV? Does needle distribution worsen the drug problem, as opponents of such programs argue? Do they reduce the spread of other serious diseases, such as hepatitis? Do they result in more used needles being carelessly discarded in the community? The panel takes a critical look at the available data on needle exchange and bleach distribution programs, reaches conclusions about their efficacy, and offers concrete recommendations for public policy to reduce the spread of HIV/AIDS. The book includes current knowledge about the epidemiologies of HIV/AIDS and injection drug use; characteristics of needle exchange and bleach distribution programs and views on those programs from diverse community groups; and a discussion of laws designed to control possession of needles, their impact on needle sharing among injection drug users, and their implications for needle exchange programs.

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Pain Management and Regulatory Strategies to Address Prescription Opioid Abuse
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 483 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2017-09-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309459570

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Pain Management and the Opioid Epidemic by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Pain Management and Regulatory Strategies to Address Prescription Opioid Abuse Pdf

Drug overdose, driven largely by overdose related to the use of opioids, is now the leading cause of unintentional injury death in the United States. The ongoing opioid crisis lies at the intersection of two public health challenges: reducing the burden of suffering from pain and containing the rising toll of the harms that can arise from the use of opioid medications. Chronic pain and opioid use disorder both represent complex human conditions affecting millions of Americans and causing untold disability and loss of function. In the context of the growing opioid problem, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) launched an Opioids Action Plan in early 2016. As part of this plan, the FDA asked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene a committee to update the state of the science on pain research, care, and education and to identify actions the FDA and others can take to respond to the opioid epidemic, with a particular focus on informing FDA's development of a formal method for incorporating individual and societal considerations into its risk-benefit framework for opioid approval and monitoring.

Author : Zhengyin Yan,Gary W. Caldwell
Publisher : Humana Press
Page : 420 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2010-10-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1617374997

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Optimization in Drug Discovery by Zhengyin Yan,Gary W. Caldwell Pdf

Recent analyses of drug attrition rates reveal that a significant number of drug candidates fail in the later stage of clinical development owing to absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination (ADME), and toxicity issues. Lead optimization in drug discovery, a process attempting to uncover and correct these defects of drug candidates, is highly beneficial in lowering the cost and time to develop therapeutic drugs by reducing drug candidate failures in development. At present, parallel synthesis combining with high-throughput screening has made it easier to generate highly potent compounds (i. e. , hits). However, to be a potential drug, a hit must have drug-like characteristics in addition to potency, which include optimal physicochemical properties, reasonable ph- macokinetic parameters, and good safety profiles. Therefore, research tools must be available in drug discovery to rapidly screen for compounds with favorable drug-like properties, and thus adequate resources can be directed to projects with high potential. Optimization in Drug Discovery: In Vitro Methods is a compilation of detailed experimental protocols necessary for setting up a variety of assays important in compound evaluation. A total of 25 chapters, contributed by many experts in their research areas, cover a wide spectrum of subjects including physicochemical properties, abso- tion, plasma binding, metabolism, drug interactions, and toxicity. A good pharmacokinetic profile has long been recognized as an imp- tant drug-like characteristic. Pharmacokinetic parameters are affected by many properties of drug molecules such as physicochemical nature, abso- tion, metabolic stability, and so on.

Author : Ulrich Nielsch,Ulrike Fuhrmann,Stefan Jaroch
Publisher : Springer
Page : 341 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2016-03-30
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783319289144

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New Approaches to Drug Discovery by Ulrich Nielsch,Ulrike Fuhrmann,Stefan Jaroch Pdf

This volume gives an overview of state of the art technologies and future developments in the field of preclinical pharmaceutical research. A balanced mix of experts from academia and industry give insight in selected new developments in the drug discovery pathway. The topics cover the different parts of the drug discovery process, starting with new developments in the target identification and validation area. The lead generation part as a next step focuses on the requirements and technologies to identify new small molecules as lead compounds for further optimization; in a second section the technologies to identify biologics as leads are addressed. The final part focuses on the pharmacological models and technologies to characterize new compounds and the impact of biomarkers to facilitate the transfer of drug candidates into the development phase.

Author : Jinghai J. Xu,Laszlo Urban
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2010-09-27
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781139493093

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Predictive Toxicology in Drug Safety by Jinghai J. Xu,Laszlo Urban Pdf

According to the Institute of Medicine (IOM) and U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 'developing new scientific approaches to detecting, understanding, predicting and preventing adverse events' was a critical path to the future of drug safety. This book brings together a collection of state-of-the-art chapters, written by experts in the drug safety field. It provides information on the present knowledge of drug side effects and their mitigation strategy during drug discovery, gives guidance for risk assessment and promotes evidence-based toxicology. Each specific area of toxicology relevant for drug discovery is discussed in detail, including theory, experimental approaches and data interpretation supported by comprehensive up-to-date references. Many chapters provide fascinating case studies, which are of general interest for those who have basic science training and are interested in how chemicals interact with the human body.

Author : Julia Buxton,Giavana Margo,Lona Burger
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
Page : 444 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2020-11-19
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781839828829

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The Impact of Global Drug Policy on Women by Julia Buxton,Giavana Margo,Lona Burger Pdf

The ebook edition of this title is Open Access and freely available to read online. Examining the impact of drug criminalisation on a previously overlooked demographic, this book argues that women are disproportionately affected by a flawed policy approach.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 76 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Brain
ISBN : MINN:31951D025861296

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Drugs, Brains, and Behavior by Anonim Pdf

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 100 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Drinking of alcoholic beverages
ISBN : PURD:32754070183391

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Promising Strategies to Reduce Substance Abuse by Anonim Pdf