Reducing Inequality For Shared Growth In China

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Reducing Inequality for Shared Growth in China

The World Bank
Reducing Inequality for Shared Growth in China Book PDF

Author : The World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 392 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2010-12-07
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0821385011

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Reducing Inequality for Shared Growth in China by The World Bank Pdf

Guangdong, a province of over 93 million residents, is located on the southern coast of China, boarding with Hong Kong, China. As China s powerhouse for economic growth and a pioneer of reform and opening up, Guangdong has maintained an annual average GDP growth rate of 13.7 percent over the past three decades. Its historical achievements notwithstanding, Guangdong witnessed increased inequality and regional disparity. To assist the authority in developing a strategy for the new phase of reforms that promotes more inclusive and sustainable growth, Reducing Inequality for Shared Growth in Guangdong Province recommends a three-pillar approach: eliminating absolute poverty, reducing inequality in opportunities, and containing inequality in outcomes. The book also proposes a range of policy actions in these three broad areas. First, to further develop the social assistance program (i.e. the minimum living allowance program ) to address the issue of absolute poverty; Second, to improve income opportunities of the rural poor by better facilitating rural labor migration to non-farming jobs and urban labor markets, deepening rural finance reform, and providing better protection of their rights over land. Third, to invest in people through more equitable access to and financing of social services such as basic education, skills development, and health care. Further reform of the intergovernmental fiscal system is essential to the success of these efforts. This report will be of interest to central and sub-national policy makers, policy implementing agencies, researchers, development partners, and others working on economic and social development in China and in other countries. Guangdong s experience will offer great value to the rest of China and to other countries that are grappling with similar development challenges.

Inequality in China – Trends, Drivers and Policy Remedies

Ms.Sonali Jain-Chandra,Niny Khor,Rui Mano,Johanna Schauer,Mr.Philippe Wingender,Juzhong Zhuang
Inequality in China Trends Drivers and Policy Remedies Book PDF

Author : Ms.Sonali Jain-Chandra,Niny Khor,Rui Mano,Johanna Schauer,Mr.Philippe Wingender,Juzhong Zhuang
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 31 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2018-06-05
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484360958

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Inequality in China – Trends, Drivers and Policy Remedies by Ms.Sonali Jain-Chandra,Niny Khor,Rui Mano,Johanna Schauer,Mr.Philippe Wingender,Juzhong Zhuang Pdf

China has experienced rapid economic growth over the past two decades and is on the brink of eradicating poverty. However, income inequality increased sharply from the early 1980s and rendered China among the most unequal countries in the world. This trend has started to reverse as China has experienced a modest decline in inequality since 2008. This paper identifies various drivers behind these trends – including structural changes such as urbanization and aging and, more recently, policy initiatives to combat it. It finds that policies will need to play an important role in curbing inequality in the future, as projected structural trends will put further strain on equity considerations. In particular, fiscal policy reforms have the potential to enhance inclusiveness and equity, both on the tax and expenditure side.

Partially Awakened Giants

Shubham Chaudhuri,Martin Ravallion
Partially Awakened Giants Book PDF

Author : Shubham Chaudhuri,Martin Ravallion
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 34 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Absolute Poverty
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Partially Awakened Giants by Shubham Chaudhuri,Martin Ravallion Pdf

Abstract: The paper examines the ways in which recent economic growth has been uneven in China and India and what this has meant for inequality and poverty. Drawing on analyses based on existing household survey data and aggregate data from official sources, the authors show that growth has indeed been uneven-geographically, sectorally, and at the household level-and that this has meant uneven progress against poverty, less poverty reduction than might have been achieved had growth been more balanced, and an increase in income inequality. The paper then examines why growth was uneven and why this should be of concern. The discussion is structured around the idea that there are both "good" and "bad" inequalities-drivers and dimensions of inequality and uneven growth that are good or bad in terms of what they imply for both equity and long-term growth and development. The authors argue that the development paths of both China and India have been influenced by, and have generated, both types of inequalities and that while good inequalities-most notably those that reflect the role of economic incentives-have been critical to the growth experience thus far, there is a risk that bad inequalities-those that prevent individuals from connecting to markets and limit investment and accumulation of human capital and physical capital-may undermine the sustainability of growth in the coming years. The authors argue that policies are needed that preserve the good inequalities-continued incentives for innovation and investment-but reduce the scope for bad ones, notably through investments in human capital and rural infrastructure that help the poor connect to markets.

Inequality and Growth in Modern China

Guanghua Wan
Inequality and Growth in Modern China Book PDF

Author : Guanghua Wan
Publisher : Oxford University Press on Demand
Page : 236 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2008-04-03
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780199535194

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Inequality and Growth in Modern China by Guanghua Wan Pdf

This volume provides comprehensive, up to date coverage of inequality and poverty issues in China. Going beyond standard data sources and using state-of-art research techniques, this volume substantiates a number of findings and conclusions and ensures policy recommendations are reliable and robust.

Changing Trends in China's Inequality

Terry Sicular,Shi Li,Ximing Yue,Hiroshi Sato
Changing Trends in China s Inequality Book PDF

Author : Terry Sicular,Shi Li,Ximing Yue,Hiroshi Sato
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 457 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2020-03-26
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780190077952

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Changing Trends in China's Inequality by Terry Sicular,Shi Li,Ximing Yue,Hiroshi Sato Pdf

Over the past quarter-century China has seen a dramatic increase in income inequality, prompting a shift in China's development strategy and the adoption of an array of new policies to redistribute income, promote shared growth, and establish a social safety net. Drawing on of household-level data from the China Household Income Project, Changing Trends in China's Inequality provides an independent, comprehensive, and empirically grounded study of the evolution of incomes and inequality in China over time. Edited by leading experts on the Chinese economy, the volume analyzes this evolution in China as a whole as well as in the urban and rural sectors, with close attention to measurement issues and to shifts in the economy, institutions, and public policy. Specific essays provides analyses of China's wealth inequality, the emergence of a new middle class, the income gap between the Han majority and the ethnic minorities, the gender wage gap, and the impacts of government policies such as social welfare programs and the minimum wage.

Transition and Development in China

Yun Chen
Transition and Development in China Book PDF

Author : Yun Chen
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 426 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2017-11-30
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781351144278

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Transition and Development in China by Yun Chen Pdf

China's transition from a planned economy to a market economy has succeeded in producing more than a decade of phenomenal growth. Whilst similar reforms in countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union have seen an initial downturn in production, usually with a significant rise in unemployment, the success of the approach taken by China has been remarkable. However, China embarked upon the process, without a well-designed blueprint at the outset. The resulting piecemeal, partial, incremental, and often experimental approach has proved complicated to implement - requiring a complex melding of politics and economics, internal and foreign affairs, government and market. How the difficult task of balancing the diverse array of often competing concerns has been achieved is the subject of this book, which examines the dismantling of the centrally planned system and the mechanism of institutional change in Chinese transition.

Reducing Inequalities

Rémi Genevey,R. K. Pachauri,Laurence Tubiana
Reducing Inequalities Book PDF

Author : Rémi Genevey,R. K. Pachauri,Laurence Tubiana
Publisher : The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI)
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2013-01-01
Category : Architecture
ISBN : 9788179935309

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Reducing Inequalities by Rémi Genevey,R. K. Pachauri,Laurence Tubiana Pdf

The reduction of inequalities within and between countries stands as a policy goal, and deserves to take centre stage in the design of the Sustainable Development Goals agreed during the Rio+20 Summit in 2012.The 2013 edition of A Planet for Life represents a unique international initiative grounded on conceptual and strategic thinking, and – most importantly – empirical experiments, conducted on five continents and touching on multiple realities. This unprecedented collection of works proposes a solid empirical approach, rather than an ideological one, to inform future debate.The case studies collected in this volume demonstrate the complexity of the new systems required to accommodate each country's specific economic, political and cultural realities. These systems combine technical, financial, legal, fiscal and organizational elements with a great deal of applied expertise, and are articulated within a clear, well-understood, growth- and job-generating development strategy.Inequality reduction does not occur by decree; neither does it automatically arise through economic growth, nor through policies that equalize incomes downward via ill conceived fiscal policies. Inequality reduction involves a collaborative effort that must motivate all concerned parties, one that constitutes a genuine political and social innovation, and one that often runs counter to prevailing political and economic forces.

Income Inequality in China. Development and Underlying Drivers

Christian Wagner
Income Inequality in China Development and Underlying Drivers Book PDF

Author : Christian Wagner
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 103 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2020-06-24
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783346188458

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Income Inequality in China. Development and Underlying Drivers by Christian Wagner Pdf

Thesis (M.A.) from the year 2019 in the subject Business economics - Economic Policy, grade: 1,7, University of Bayreuth, language: English, abstract: This thesis aims to shed light to the various characteristics and sources of income inequality in China and thereby demonstrate their interrelations on economic growth using a literature review approach and by examining the impact of differences in the propensity to save among various Chinese income groups. In the course of this, China’s current degree of income inequality is established, while identifying various forces and drivers behind these changes since the economic opening process initiated in 1978. Since adoption of the open-market policy reforms in 1978, China has experienced rapid economic growth. At the same time, its level of income inequality turned from one of the world's most equal to one of the most unequal. During long periods of time China was the country that experienced the fastest increase in income inequality. This bags the question whether income inequality is in fact the causal reason for economic growth or the necessary outcome of it. In the wake of this, income inequality in China has developed into several dimensions of inequality drivers ranging from an extensive urban-rural inequality, cross-regional inequality, inequality of education or wealth inequalities.

Rising Inequality in China

Shi Li,Hiroshi Sato,Terry Sicular
Rising Inequality in China Book PDF

Author : Shi Li,Hiroshi Sato,Terry Sicular
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 531 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2013-10-31
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781107002913

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Rising Inequality in China by Shi Li,Hiroshi Sato,Terry Sicular Pdf

This book examines the evolution of economic inequality in China from 2002 to 2007; a sequel to Inequality and Public Policy in China (2008).

Growth, Inequality, and Poverty in Rural China

Shenggen Fan,Linxiu Zhang,Xiaobo Zhang
Growth Inequality and Poverty in Rural China Book PDF

Author : Shenggen Fan,Linxiu Zhang,Xiaobo Zhang
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 90 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2002-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780896291287

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Growth, Inequality, and Poverty in Rural China by Shenggen Fan,Linxiu Zhang,Xiaobo Zhang Pdf

Growth, inequality, and poverty; Public capital e investment; Concptual framework and model; Data, estimation, and results.

World Social Report 2020

Department of Economic and Social Affairs
World Social Report 2020 Book PDF

Author : Department of Economic and Social Affairs
Publisher : United Nations
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2020-02-14
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789210043670

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World Social Report 2020 by Department of Economic and Social Affairs Pdf

This report examines the links between inequality and other major global trends (or megatrends), with a focus on technological change, climate change, urbanization and international migration. The analysis pays particular attention to poverty and labour market trends, as they mediate the distributional impacts of the major trends selected. It also provides policy recommendations to manage these megatrends in an equitable manner and considers the policy implications, so as to reduce inequalities and support their implementation.

China's Rebalancing and Gender Inequality

International Monetary Fund
China s Rebalancing and Gender Inequality Book PDF

Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 27 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2021-05-11
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513573779

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China's Rebalancing and Gender Inequality by International Monetary Fund Pdf

This paper examines gender inequality in the context of structural transformation and rebalancing in China. We document declining women's relative wages and labor force participation in China during the last two decades, despite rapid growth and expansion of the service sector. Using household data, we provide evidence consistent with a U-shaped relationship between economic development and women's labor market outcomes. Using a model of structural transformation, we show that labor market barriers for women have increased over time. Model counterfactuals suggest that removing these barriers and increasing service sector productivity can boost both gender equality and economic growth in China.

India and the Knowledge Economy

Carl J. Dahlman,Anuja Utz
India and the Knowledge Economy Book PDF

Author : Carl J. Dahlman,Anuja Utz
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2005-01-01
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780821362082

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India and the Knowledge Economy by Carl J. Dahlman,Anuja Utz Pdf

"In the global knowledge economy of the twenty-first century, India's development policy challenges will require it to use knowledge more effectively to raise the productivity of agriculture, industry, and services and reduce poverty. India has made tremendous strides in its economic and social development in the past two decades. Its impressive growth in recent years-8.2 percent in 2003-can be attributed to the far-reaching reforms embarked on in 1991 and to opening the economy to global competition. In addition, India can count on a number of strengths as it strives to transform itself into a knowledge-based economy-availability of skilled human capital, a democratic system, widespread use of English, macroeconomic stability, a dynamic private sector, institutions of a free market economy; a local market that is one of the largest in the world; a well-developed financial sector; and a broad and diversified science and technology infrastructure, and global niches in IT. But India can do more-much more-to leverage its strengths and grasp today's opportunities. India and the Knowledge Economy assesses India's progress in becoming a knowledge economy and suggests actions to strengthen the economic and institutional regime, develop educated and skilled workers, create an efficient innovation system, and build a dynamic information infrastructure. It highlights that to get the greatest benefits from the knowledge revolution, India will need to press on with the economic reform agenda that it put into motion a decade ago and continue to implement the various policy and institutional changes needed to accelerate growth. In so doing, it will be able to improve its international competitivenessand join the ranks of countries that are making a successful transition to the knowledge economy."

Income Distribution in Latin America

Alejandro Foxley
Income Distribution in Latin America Book PDF

Author : Alejandro Foxley
Publisher : CUP Archive
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 1976-09-02
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0521210291

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Income Distribution in Latin America by Alejandro Foxley Pdf

Monographic compilation of papers on income distribution in Latin America - examines distributive trends which benefit a privileged minority, describes income redistribution experiences, and discusses strategies and problems of redistribution. References and statistical tables.

Fiscal Underpinnings for Sustainable Development in China

Ehtisham Ahmad,Meili Niu,Kezhou Xiao
Fiscal Underpinnings for Sustainable Development in China Book PDF

Author : Ehtisham Ahmad,Meili Niu,Kezhou Xiao
Publisher : Springer
Page : 252 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2017-12-28
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789811062865

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Fiscal Underpinnings for Sustainable Development in China by Ehtisham Ahmad,Meili Niu,Kezhou Xiao Pdf

This book collects high-quality papers on issues related to the rebalancing strategy in China, new clean cities as “hubs’’, liability management, and involving the private sector, including through PPPs, with specific examples from Guangdong. Guangdong has been at the forefront of economic reforms in China since the advent of the Responsibility System in the late 1970s, and its successes and challenges reflect those of China as a whole. The need for rebalancing towards a more inclusive and sustainable path is also critical in Guangdong, just as it is in China. Strengthening the fiscal underpinnings and the next stages of tax reforms are critical drivers to accomplishing the requisite structural changes.