Reducing Particulate Emissions In Gasoline Engines

Author : Thorsten Boger,Willard Cutler
Publisher : SAE International
Page : 350 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2018-11-28
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780768094176

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Reducing Particulate Emissions in Gasoline Engines by Thorsten Boger,Willard Cutler Pdf

For years, diesel engines have been the focus of particulate matter emission reductions. Now, however, modern diesel engines emit less particles than a comparable gasoline engine. This transformation necessitates an introduction of particulate reduction strategies for the gasoline-powered vehicle. Many strategies can be leveraged from diesel engines, but new combustion and engine control technologies will be needed to meet the latest gasoline regulations across the globe. Particulate reduction is a critical health concern in addition to the regulatory requirements. This is a vital issue with real-world implications. Reducing Particulate Emissions in Gasoline Engines encompasses the current strategies and technologies used to reduce particulates to meet regulatory requirements and curtail health hazards - reviewing principles and applications of these techniques. Highlights and features in the book include: Gasoline particulate filter design, function and applications Coated and uncoated three way catalyst design and integration Measurement of gasoline particulate matter emission, both laboratory and PEMS The goal is to provide a comprehensive assessment of gasoline particulate emission control to meet regulatory and health requirements - appealing to calibration, development and testing engineers alike.

Author : Jerzy Merkisz,Jacek Pielecha
Publisher : Springer
Page : 139 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2015-03-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319159287

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Nanoparticle Emissions From Combustion Engines by Jerzy Merkisz,Jacek Pielecha Pdf

This book focuses on particulate matter emissions produced by vehicles with combustion engines. It describes the physicochemical properties of the particulate matter, the mechanisms of its formation and its environmental impacts (including those on human beings). It discusses methods for measuring particulate mass and number, including the state-of-the-art in Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS) equipment for measuring the exhaust emissions of both light and heavy-duty vehicles and buses under actual operating conditions. The book presents the authors’ latest investigations into the relations between particulate emission (mass and number) and engine operating parameters, as well as their new findings obtained through road tests performed on various types of vehicles, including those using diesel particulate filter regeneration. The book, which addresses the needs of academics and professionals alike, also discusses relevant European regulations on particulate emissions and highlights selected methods aimed at the reduction of particulate emissions from automobiles.

Author : Avinash Kumar Agarwal,Atul Dhar,Nikhil Sharma,Pravesh Chandra Shukla
Publisher : Springer
Page : 266 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2018-11-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789811332999

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Engine Exhaust Particulates by Avinash Kumar Agarwal,Atul Dhar,Nikhil Sharma,Pravesh Chandra Shukla Pdf

This book provides a comparative analysis of both diesel and gasoline engine particulates, and also of the emissions resulting from the use of alternative fuels. Written by respected experts, it offers comprehensive insights into motor vehicle particulates, their formation, composition, location, measurement, characterisation and toxicology. It also addresses exhaust-gas treatment and legal, measurement-related and technological advancements concerning emissions. The book will serve as a valuable resource for academic researchers and professional automotive engineers alike.

Author : Peter Eastwood
Publisher : Research Studies Press Limited
Page : 400 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2004-02-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 0863802710

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Particulate Emissions from Motor Vehicles by Peter Eastwood Pdf

All tailpipes emit a wide variety of liquid- and solid-phase particles. They are omnipresent; but being small and in trace quantities, they are usually emitted unseen - we become aware of them only through the visible testimony of smoke. Particulate emissions engender serious ramifications for public health, amenity and the wider environment. Historically it is diesel engines that have been singled out for stricture, but today this makes less sense, as their particulate emissions are now approaching parity with gasoline engines. For 30 years, the legal requirement has been solely to reduce the total mass of particles emitted, but mass as a toxological indicator is being increasingly questioned, with other metrics proposed, such as: particle size, number and composition. This shift of perspective has far-reaching repercussions for the automotive industry, because new ways of characterising and controlling emissions of particulate will have to be sought. This book aims to distil all the available informatiion into a single treatise.

Author : Joseph Santodonato,Dipak Basu,Philip Howard
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 168 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 1978
Category : Air
ISBN : PSU:000029445714

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Health Effects Associated with Diesel Exhaust Emissions by Joseph Santodonato,Dipak Basu,Philip Howard Pdf

Author : Markus Bertsch
Publisher : Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH
Page : 167 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2016-12-31
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783832544034

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Experimental Investigations on Particle Number Emissions from GDI Engines by Markus Bertsch Pdf

This thesis discusses experimental investigations to reduce particle number emissions from gasoline engines with direct injection. Measures on a single cylinder research engine with combined usage of a particle number measurement system, a particle size distribution measurement system as well as optical diagnostics and thermodynamic analysis enable an in-depth assessment of particle formation and oxidation. Therefore, numerous optical diagnostic techniques for spray visualisation (Mie-scattering, High-Speed PIV) and soot detection (High-Speed-Imaging, Fiber optical diagnostics) are deployed. Two injectors with different hydraulic flows but identical spray-targeting are characterised and compared by measurements in a pressurised chamber. The operation at higher engine load and low engine speed is in the focus of the experimental work at the engine test bench. Thereby, the low flow velocities in the combustion chamber, caused by the low engine speed, as well as the large amount of fuel injected are major challenges for the mixture formation process. A substantial part of the thesis thus focusses on the detailed analysis of the mixture formation process, which is consisting of fuel injection, interaction of the in-cylinder charge motion with the fuel injected and the fuel properties. Measures for the optimisation of the mixture formation process and the minimisation of the particle number emissions are analysed and evaluated. The charge motion is manipulated by the impression of a directed flow, the variation of the valve timings and valve open curve. The injection process is influenced by a reduction of the hydraulic flow of the injector and an increase of the injection pressure up to 50 MPa. The investigations show fundamental effects and potentials of different variation parameters concerning their emissions reduction potential at the exemplary operation at high engine load. Due to the simultaneous analysis of the in-cylinder charge motion and a thermodynamic analysis, the results can be transferred to different engines.

Author : Fred Schäfer,Richard van Basshuysen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 205 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2013-03-09
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783709138069

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Reduced Emissions and Fuel Consumption in Automobile Engines by Fred Schäfer,Richard van Basshuysen Pdf

Over the last several years, there has been much discussion on the interrelation of CO2 emissions with the global warming phenomenon. This in turn has increased pressure to develop and produce more fuel efficient engines and vehicles. This is the central topic of this book. It covers the underlying processes which cause pollutant emissions and the possibilities of reducing them, as well as the fuel consumption of gasoline and diesel engines, including direct injection diesel engines. As well as the engine-related causes of pollution, which is found in the raw exhaust, there is also a description of systems and methods for exhaust post treatment. The significant influence of fuels and lubricants (both conventional and alternative fuels) on emission behavior is also covered. In addition to the conventional gasoline and diesel engines, lean-burn and direct injection gasoline engines and two-stroke gasoline and diesel engines are included. The potential for reducing fuel consumption and pollution is described as well as the related reduction of CO2 emissions. Finally, a detailed summary of the most important laws and regulations pertaining to pollutant emissions and consumption limits is presented. This book is intended for practising engineers involved in research and applied sciences as well as for interested engineering students.

Author : B. Ashok
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 488 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2021-11-09
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780128242285

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NOx Emission Control Technologies in Stationary and Automotive Internal Combustion Engines by B. Ashok Pdf

NOx Emission Control Technologies in Stationary and Automotive Internal Combustion Engines: Approaches Toward NOx Free Automobiles presents the fundamental theory of emission formation, particularly the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and its chemical reactions and control techniques. The book provides a simplified framework for technical literature on NOx reduction strategies in IC engines, highlighting thermodynamics, combustion science, automotive emissions and environmental pollution control. Sections cover the toxicity and roots of emissions for both SI and CI engines and the formation of various emissions such as CO, SO2, HC, NOx, soot, and PM from internal combustion engines, along with various methods of NOx formation. Topics cover the combustion process, engine design parameters, and the application of exhaust gas recirculation for NOx reduction, making this book ideal for researchers and students in automotive, mechanical, mechatronics and chemical engineering students working in the field of emission control techniques. Covers advanced and recent technologies and emerging new trends in NOx reduction for emission control Highlights the effects of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on engine performance parameters Discusses emission norms such as EURO VI and Bharat stage VI in reducing global air pollution due to engine emissions

Author : Richard Viskup
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 202 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2020-02
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781789852486

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Diesel and Gasoline Engines by Richard Viskup Pdf

The internal combustion engine was invented around 1790 by various scientists and engineers worldwide. Since then the engines have gone through many modifications and improvements. Today, different applications of engines form a significant technological importance in our everyday lives, leading to the evolution of our modern civilization. The invention of diesel and gasoline engines has definitely changed our lifestyles as well as shaped our priorities. The current engines serve innumerable applications in various types of transportation, in harsh environments, in construction, in diverse industries, and also as back-up power supply systems for hospitals, security departments, and other institutions. However, heavy duty or light duty engines have certain major disadvantages, which are well known to everyone. With the increasing usage of diesel and gasoline engines, and the constantly rising number of vehicles worldwide, the main concern nowadays is engine exhaust emissions. This book looks at basic phenomena related to diesel and gasoline engines, combustion, alternative fuels, exhaust emissions, and mitigations.

Author : Peter Eastwood
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 512 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2008-04-15
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0470986506

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Particulate Emissions from Vehicles by Peter Eastwood Pdf

The public health risks posed by automotive particulate emissions are well known. Such particles are sufficiently small to reach the deepest regions of the lungs; and moreover act as carriers for many potentially toxic substances. Historically, diesel engines have been singled out in this regard, but recent research shows the need to consider particulate emissions from gasoline engines as well. Already implicated in more than one respiratory disease, the strongest evidence in recent times points to particle-mediated cardiovascular disorders (strokes and heart attacks). Accordingly, legislation limiting particulate emissions is becoming increasingly stringent, placing great pressure on the automotive industry to produce cleaner vehicles - pressure only heightened by the ever-increasing number of cars on our roads. Particulate Emissions from Vehicles addresses a field of increased international interest and research activity; discusses the impact of new legislation globally on the automotive industry; and explains new ways of measuring particle size, number and composition that are currently under development. The expert analysis and summary of the state-of-the-art, which encompasses the key areas of combustion performance, measurement techniques and toxicology, will appeal to R&D practitioners and engineers working in the automotive industry and related mechanical fields, as well as postgraduate students and researchers of engine technology, air pollution and life/ environmental science. The public health aspects will also appeal to the biomedical research community.

Author : W. Addy Majewski,Hannu Jääskeläinen
Publisher : SAE International
Page : 1135 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2023-12-20
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781468605709

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Diesel Emissions and Their Control, 2nd Edition by W. Addy Majewski,Hannu Jääskeläinen Pdf

Engineers, applied scientists, students, and individuals working to reduceemissions and advance diesel engine technology will find the secondedition of Diesel Emissions and Their Control to be an indispensablereference. Whether readers are at the outset of their learning journey orseeking to deepen their expertise, this comprehensive reference bookcaters to a wide audience.In this substantial update to the 2006 classic, the authors have expandedthe coverage of the latest emission technologies. With the industryevolving rapidly, the book ensures that readers are well-informed aboutthe most recent advances in commercial diesel engines, providing acompetitive edge in their respective fields. The second edition has alsostreamlined the content to focus on the most promising technologies.This book is rooted in the wealth of information available on DieselNet.com, where the “Technology Guide” papers offer in-depth insights. Eachchapter includes links to relevant online materials, granting readers accessto even more expertise and knowledge.The second edition is organized into six parts, providing a structuredjourney through every aspect of diesel engines and emissions control: Part I: A foundational exploration of the diesel engine, combustion, andessential subsystems. Part II: An in-depth look at emission characterization, health andenvironmental impacts, testing methods, and global regulations. Part III: A comprehensive overview of diesel fuels, covering petroleumdiesel, alternative fuels, and engine lubricants. Part IV: An exploration of engine efficiency and emission controltechnologies, from exhaust gas recirculation to engine control. Part V: The latest developments in diesel exhaust aftertreatment,encompassing catalyst technologies and particulate filters. Part VI: A historical journey through the evolution of dieselengine technology, with a focus on heavy-duty engines in the NorthAmerican market. (ISBN 9781468605693, ISBN 9781468605709, ISBN 9781468605716, DOI: 10.4271/9781468605709)

Author : B. P. Pundir
Publisher : Alpha Science International, Limited
Page : 326 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Aircraft exhaust emissions
ISBN : PSU:000061082830

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Engine Emissions by B. P. Pundir Pdf

"Engine Emissions: Pollutant Formation and Advances in Control Technology provides an up to date reference to academics and professionals on emissions from SI and CI engine powered vehicles. - In this text, mechanism of formation of engine emissions, effect of engine design and operation variables, world wide vehicle emission standards and emission measurement and test procedures are presented. Advances in emission control technology that have taken place from those used initially and up to the ones employed on the present day vehicles meeting the stringent emission regulations e.g., Euro 4, ULEV, SULEV standards are discussed. - Newer developments on exhaust aftertreatment such as HC adsorber systems, NO, traps and other de-NO, catalysts, and advanced engines like GDI and HCCI engines are covered in the book."--Jacket.

Author : G. Amba Prasad Rao,T. Karthikeya Sharma
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 448 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2020-06-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781000448993

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Engine Emission Control Technologies by G. Amba Prasad Rao,T. Karthikeya Sharma Pdf

This new volume covers the important issues related to environmental emissions from SI and CI engines as well as their formation and various pollution mitigation techniques. The book addresses aspects of improvements in engine modification, such as design modifications for enhanced performance, both with conventional fuels as well as with new and alternative fuels. It also explores some new combustion concepts that will help to pave the way for complying with new emission concepts. Alternative fuels are addressed in this volume to help mitigate harmful emissions, and alternative power sources for automobiles are also discussed briefly to cover the switch over from fueled engines to electrics, including battery-powered electric vehicles and fuel cells. The authors explain the different technologies available to date to overcome the limitations of conventional prime movers (fueled by both fossil fuels and alternative fuels). Topics examined include: • Engine modifications needed to limit harmful emissions • The use of engine after-treatment devices to contain emissions • The development of new combustion concepts • Adoption of alternative fuels in existing engines • Switching over to electrics—advantages and limitations • Specifications of highly marketed automobiles • Emission measurement methods

Author : Daniel J Holt
Publisher : SAE International
Page : 279 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2004-01-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780768096149

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Alternative Diesel Fuels by Daniel J Holt Pdf

A key topic of many technical discussions has been the development of alternative fuels to power the compression ignition engine. Reasons for this include the desire to reduce the dependency on petroleum-based fuel and, at the same time, to reduce the particulate matter (PM) and NOx emissions. Also, there has been interest generated in the diesel engine because of the reduction in greenhouse gases that has been proposed during the 2008-2012 time frame in Europe and the regulations that affect diesel engines in the United States.

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Energy and Environment
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1496 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Science
ISBN : LOC:00064855815

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Reducing Sulfur in Gasoline and Diesel Fuel by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Energy and Environment Pdf