Regional Multilateral And Unilateral Trade Policies Of Mercosur For Growth And Poverty Reduction In Brazil

Author : Angelo Gurgel
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 107 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Brazil
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Regional, Multilateral, and Unilateral Trade Policies of MERCOSUR for Growth and Poverty Reduction in Brazil by Angelo Gurgel Pdf

This paper determines the impacts of the Free Trade Agreement of the Americas (FTAA) for Brazil under alternative assumptions concerning the returns to scale and the nature of competition in several industries, emphasizing the effects on the agribusiness activities. The GTAPinGAMS applied general equilibrium model is used to run the simulations. The results suggest different changes in output, imports, exports, and prices under alternative assumptions about market structure. The FTAA allows the exploitation of economies of scale and reduction of markups in almost all industries, with evidences of rationalizing and pro-competitive effects occurring in the industries under imperfect competition. The welfare gains from the FTAA are larger in the model with market imperfections. If the FTAA excludes products from the agribusiness sectors, the Brazilian agricultural industries will exploit less the economies of scale.

Author : David G. Tarr
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 100 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1290704226

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Regional, Multilateral, and Unilateral Trade Policies of Mercosur for Growth and Poverty Reduction in Brazil by David G. Tarr Pdf

Harrison, Rutherford, Tarr, and Gurgel estimate that the Free Trade Agreement of the Americas (FTAA), the EU-MERCOSUR agreement, and multilateral trade policy changes will all be beneficial for Brazil. The Brazilian government strategy of simultaneously negotiating the FTAA and the EU-MERCOSUR agreement, while supporting multilateral liberalization through the Doha Agenda, will increase the benefits of each of these policies.The authors estimate that the poorest households typically gain roughly three to four times the average for Brazil from any of the policies considerethe United States protects its most highly protected markets. Both the FTAA and the EU-MERCOSUR agreements are net trade-creating for the countries involved, but excluded countries almost always lose from the agreements. The authors estimate that multilateral trade liberalization of 50 percent in tariffs and export subsidies results in gains to the world more than four times greater than either the FTAA or the EU-MERCOSUR agreement. This shows the continued importance to the world trading community of the multilateral negotiations.This paper - a product of Trade, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to assess the impact of trade liberalization on poverty.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 78 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Brazil
ISBN : STANFORD:36105111643602

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Regional, multilateral and unilateral trade policies of MERCOSUR for growth and poverty reduction in Brazil by Anonim Pdf

Author : Sanjaya Acharya
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 241 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2013-03-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781136671647

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Pro-poor Growth and Liberalization in Developing Economies by Sanjaya Acharya Pdf

By looking at the link between trade liberalization and pro-poor growth in Nepal, this book explores how a developing and transition economy can attain higher and pro-poor growth along with the ongoing trend of globalization. The author develops a social accounting database for Nepal and applies it to quantify computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to investigate the trade-offs between growth and distribution that are associated with opening up the economy and deregulating it. The book presents a number of pragmatic scenarios that bring about the desired pro-poor growth effects in order to demonstrate possible outcomes for policy making. The research findings apply to other economies with similar macroeconomic structure to Nepal; those small economies with a dominant, traditional, and stagnant agriculture; fragile industrial base, weak and volatile external sector, and almost half of the population living below the poverty line. This book will be of considerable interest to students and scholars in the areas of development economics, political economy of policy reforms, and trade and poverty with special emphasis on South Asia.

Author : S. Laird,S. Fernández de Córdoba,Santiago Fernández de Córdoba
Publisher : Springer
Page : 252 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2006-08-04
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780230377806

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Coping with Trade Reforms by S. Laird,S. Fernández de Córdoba,Santiago Fernández de Córdoba Pdf

This book gauges possible development implications of current WTO trade negotiations by examining various proposals and assessing their likely economic impact. The experiences of a number of countries at different levels of development and across various regions are examined to ascertain the impact of their trade reforms.

Author : Joaquim Bento de Souza Ferreira Filho,Mark Horridge
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 51 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Bank
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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The Doha Round, Poverty, and Regional Inequality in Brazil by Joaquim Bento de Souza Ferreira Filho,Mark Horridge Pdf

Abstract: This paper addresses the potential effects of the Doha round of trade negotiations on poverty and income distribution in Brazil, using an applied general equilibrium (AGE) and micro-simulation model of Brazil tailored for income distribution and poverty analysis. Of particular importance is the fact that the representative household hypothesis is replaced by a detailed representation of households. The model distinguishes 10 different labor types and has 270 different household expenditure patterns. Income can originate from 41 different production activities (which produce 52 commodities), located in 27 different regions in the country. The AGE model communicates to a micro-simulation model that has 112,055 Brazilian households and 263,938 adults. Poverty and income distribution indices are computed over the entire sample of households and persons, before and after the policy shocks. Model results show that even important trade policy shocks, such as those applied in this study, do not generate dramatic changes in the structure of poverty and income distribution in the Brazilian economy. The simulated effects on poverty and income distribution are positive, but rather small. The benefits are concentrated in the poorest households.

Author : François Bourguignon,Maurizio Bussolo,Luiz A. Pereira da Silva
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 362 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2008-01-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780821357798

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The Impact of Macroeconomic Policies on Poverty and Income Distribution by François Bourguignon,Maurizio Bussolo,Luiz A. Pereira da Silva Pdf

A companion to the bestseller, The Impact of Economic Policies on Poverty and Income Distribution, this title deals with theoretical challenges and cutting-edge macro-micro linkage models. The authors compare the predictive and analytical power of various macro-micro linkage techniques using the traditional RHG approach as a benchmark to evaluate standard policies, such as, a typical stabilization package and a typical structural reform policy.

Author : Jens Hölscher,Horst Tomann
Publisher : Springer
Page : 589 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2015-10-21
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781137371386

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Palgrave Dictionary of Emerging Markets and Transition Economics by Jens Hölscher,Horst Tomann Pdf

The period of transition from socialism to capitalism in parts of Europe and Asia over the past 25 years has attracted considerable interest in academia and beyond. From the Editors of Palgrave's iconic series 'Studies in Economic Transition' comes the Palgrave Dictionary of Emerging Markets and Transition Economics. This dictionary addresses the needs of students, lecturers and the interested general public to quickly find definitions and explanations of topics, institutions, personalities and processes in this historical phase of changing societies, which as such is not concluded. Today newly emerging market economies try to learn from the experiences of transition economies. Those who love The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics will enjoy the format of this Dictionary, which uses an encyclopaedia-based approach, where articles not only define the terms but provide an overview of the evolution of the term or theory and also touch on the current debates.

Author : Kym Anderson,John Cockburn,Will Martin
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 540 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2010-03-17
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0821381857

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Agricultural Price Distortions, Inequality, and Poverty by Kym Anderson,John Cockburn,Will Martin Pdf

The prices of farm products are crucial determinants of the extent of poverty and inequality in the world. The vast majority of the world s poorest households depend to a considerable extent on farming for their incomes, while food represents a large component of the consumption of all poor households. For generations, food prices have been heavily distorted by government policies in high-income and developing countries. Many countries began to reform their agricultural price and trade policies in the 1980s, but government policy intervention is still considerable and still favors farmers in high-income countries at the expense of many farmers in developing countries. What would be the poverty and inequality consequences of the removal of the remaining distortions to agricultural incentives? This question is of great relevance to governments in evaluating ways to engage in multilateral and regional trade negotiations or to improve their own policies unilaterally. 'Agricultural Price Distortions, Inequality, and Poverty' analyzes the effects of agricultural and trade policies around the world on national and regional economic welfare, on income inequality among and within countries, and on the level and incidence of poverty in developing countries. The studies include economy-wide analyses of the inequality and poverty effects of own-country policies compared with rest-of-the-world policies for 10 individual developing countries in three continents. This book also includes three chapters that each use a separate global economic model to examine the effects of policies on aggregate poverty and the distribution of poverty across many identified developing countries. This study is motivated by two policy issues: first, the World Trade Organization s struggle to conclude the Doha Round of multilateral trade negotiations, in which agricultural policy reform is, again, one of the most contentious topics in the talks and, second, the struggle of the developing countries to achieve their Millennium Development Goals by 2015 notably the alleviation of hunger and poverty which depends crucially on policies that affect agricultural incentives.

Author : Maurizio Bussolo,Jann Lay,Dominique Van der Mensbrugghe
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 66 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Economic assistance, Domestic
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Structural Change and Poverty Reduction in Brazil by Maurizio Bussolo,Jann Lay,Dominique Van der Mensbrugghe Pdf

Over the medium time horizon, skill upgrading, differentials in sectoral technological progress, and migration of labor out of farming activities are some of the major structural adjustment factors shaping the evolution of an economy and its connected poverty trends. The main focus of the authors is understanding, for the case of Brazil, how a trade shock interacts with these structural forces and ascertaining whether it enhances or hinders medium-term poverty reduction. In particular, they consider the interactions between the migration of labor out of agriculture, a potentially important poverty reduction factor, and trade liberalization, which increases the price incentives to stay in agriculture. A recursive-dynamic computable general equilibrium model simulates Doha scenarios and compares them against a business as usual scenario. The authors estimate the poverty effects using a microsimulation model that primarily takes into account individuals' labor supply decisions. Their analysis shows that trade liberalization does contribute to structural poverty reduction. But unless increased productivity and stronger growth rates are attributed to trade reform, its contribution to medium-term poverty reduction is rather small.

Author : Thomas W. Hertel,L. Alan Winters
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 537 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2005-12-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0821363158

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Poverty and the WTO by Thomas W. Hertel,L. Alan Winters Pdf

Poverty reduction is deemed to be a centerpiece of the Doha Development Agenda currently being negotiated under the auspices of the WTO. Yet there is considerable debate about the poverty impacts of such an agreement. Some are convinced it will increase poverty, while others are equally convinced that it will lead to poverty reduction. This book brings the best scientific methods to bear on this question, taking into account the specific characteristics embodied in the Doha Development Agenda.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 45 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2024-06-30
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9781017173932

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Poverty Impacts of a Wto Agreement: Synthesis and Overview by Anonim Pdf

Author : Julio J. Nogués
Publisher : BID-INTAL
Page : 83 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Agricultural industries
ISBN : 9789507381690

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Agricultural Exporters in a Protectionist World by Julio J. Nogués Pdf

Author : Anonim
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 10 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2024-06-30
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Rules of Thumb for Evaluationg Preferential Trading Arrangements: Evidence from Computable General Equilibrium Assessments by Anonim Pdf

Author : Rorden Wilkinson,James Scott
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 266 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780415624497

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Trade, Poverty, Development by Rorden Wilkinson,James Scott Pdf

This work seeks to look beyond the seemingly endless deadlock in the WTO's Doha round of trade negotiations that began in November 2001 and were first scheduled to conclude by January 1, 2005. Each essay explores an area of critical importance to the round; and together they stand as an important contribution to debates not only about the Doha round but also about the role of trade in the amelioration of poverty in the poorest countries.